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Yoweri Museveni

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Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomwenda 1944) munnabyabufuzi Omunnayuganda era munnamagye eyawummula era ng'abadde Pulezidenti wa Uganda owoomwenda okutuusa mu kaseera kano okuva nga 26 Gatonnya 1986.[1] Museveni yakulemberamu olutalo lw'omu nsiko ng'ayambibwako munnamagye genero Tito Okello ne genero Bale Travor olwamaamulako bapulezidenti ba Uganda okwali Milton Obote ne Idi Amin bwe yali tannawamba buyinza mu 1986.

Wakati w'emyaka gy'ekyenda ne nga giggwako, Museveni yatenderezebwa emawanga g'abazungu ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omugigi omupya mu Africa. Obukulembe bwa Museveni bubaddemu okwetaba mu ntalo ng'olwa Congo, Olw'e Rwanda, n'entalo endala mu kitundu kya African Great Lakes; okulumbagana eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army eyali mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga, ne kireetawo obwetaavu bw'okudduukirira abantu; n'okukyusa ssemateeka; okuggyawo ekkomo ku bisanja mu 2005, n'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu 2017.

Obukulembeze bwa Museveni bwogerwako abawandiisi nga obwannakyemalira oba obutali bwabwenkanya.[2] Amawulire gonna gabadde gaamaamirwa gavumenti.[3] Tewabangawo kulonda mu Uganda mu myaka amakumi asatu (30) okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu kinaana mu mukaaga (1986) kwali kubadde kwa mazima na bwenkanya. Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekyomukaaga n'ebitundu ataana mu munaana n'obutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%), wadde nga waaliwo obutambi bungi n'ebyogerwa ku kuwamba bbookisi z'obululu, ebifo ebironderwamu ebisukka ebikumi ebina (400) ng'abalonzi bonna baalonda, n'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Museveni gye buvuddeko yalemera ku ky'okuwummula; okusinziira ku muwabuzi wa Pulezidenti, Museveni tayagala kubeera mukulembeze ku myaka kinaana (80%).[4] Museveni yasembeddwa omumyuka wa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2026.[5]

Obuto bwe n'okusoma

Museveni yazaalibwa abazadde Mzee Amos Kaguta (1916–2013), omulaalo n'omukyala Esteri Kokundeka Nganzi (1918–2001, nga 15 Ogwomwenda 1944 e Rukungiri. Ava mu ggwanga ly'Abahima mu bwakabaka bwe Mpororo (nga kati kitundu ku Ankole).

Okusinziira ku Julius Nyerere, taata wa Museveni, Amos Kaguta, yali musirikale mu magye ga King's African Rifles mu ssematalo owookubiri. Yali mu kibinja eky'abajaasi ekirwanyi ekyomusanvu. Noolwekyo Yoweri bwe yazaalibwa, abenganda ze baagambanga nti, "Taawa we yali mu-seven" (ekiteega “mu kyomusanvu”). Eno y'engeri gye yafunamu erinnya Museveni.

Oluvannyuma famire ye yasenguka n'egenda e Ntungamo, mu bukulebeze bw'Abafuzi b'amatwale abangereza mu Uganda. Museveni yasomera ku masomero okuli Kyamate Elementary School, Mbarara High School, ne Ntare School ng'eno gye yasomera emisomo gye egya pulayimale ne sekendule. Era yasomerako ku ssettendekero ya [University of Dar es Salaamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam] mu Tanzania ku kusoma kwe okw'eddaala erya waggulu. Yasoma byanfuna na byabufuzi. Ssetttendekero eno mu kaseera kano ye yali entabiro ya bamwoyogwaggwanga ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ez'ekinnammakisi. Bwe yali akyali ku ssettendekero, yatandikawo ekibina kya University Students' African Revolutionary Front nga kye kali entabiri y'abayizi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntuera n'akulemberamu abayizi okugenda mu lutuula lwa FRELIMO-olwatuula mu Portuguese Mozambique gye baafumira okutendekebwa mu by'amagye. Mu kusoma ng'akolokota endowooza z'muzungu, Walter Rodney, n'abalala, Museveni yawandiika ekitabo ku ngeri y'okuteekamu ebirowoozo bya Frantz Fanon mu nkola mu kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku 's ideas on revolutionary violence to post-colonial Africa.

Omukululo gwe

1971–1979: Eggye lya Front for National Salvation n'oggyako kwa Amin

  Amagye agaali tegakkiriziganya ne Amin gaalumba Uganda nga gava e Tanzania mu Gwomwenda gwa 1972 wabula ne gatasobola. Mu Gwekkumi, Tanzania ne Uganda zaateeka omukono ku ndagaano ya Mogadishu Agreement eyagaana abayeekera okusinziira mu ggwanga lya Tanzania okulumba Uganda.[6] Museveni yava mu baali bavuganya gavumenti ab'amaanyi n'atandikawo eggye lya Front for National Salvation mu 1973. Mu Gwomunaana gw'omwaka gwe gumu, yawasa Janet Kainembabazi.[7]

Mu Gwekkumi gwa 1978 amagye ga Uganda gaalumba Kagera Salient mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania, ekyatantikawo olutalo wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania. Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere yalagira eggye lya Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) okulumba wamu n'okukunga bannayuganda abaali batawagira Amini okulwanyisa gavumenti ye. Museveni yasanyukira nnyo enteekateeka eno. Mu Ntenvu wa 1978 Nyerere n'amagye ge beegatta ku Museveni mu kibinja kya Silas Mayunga.[8]

1980–1986: Olutalo lwa Uganda olw'ekiyeekera

 

Obote II n'eggye lya National Resistance Army

Oluvannyuma lw'okumaamulako Amin mu 1979 n'okulonda okwawakanyizibwa ennyo okwakomywawo Milton Obote mu buyinza mu 1980, Museveni yakomawo mu Uganda n'abawagizi be okusobola okufuna obuwagizi mu byalo mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkonovvanjuba okusobola okutandikawo eggye lya Popular Resistance Army (PRA). Olwo baateekateeka olutalo ku bukulembeze bwa Obote obwokubiri (Obote II) n'amagye ge agaalina ebyokulwanisa aga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Obulumbaganyi bwatandika n'okulumba enkambi y'amagye mu disitulikiti y'e Mubende mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Uganda nga 6 Ogwokubiri 1981. Oluvannyuma , eggye lya PRA lyegatta ku kibinja ekirwanyi eky'eyaliko Pulezidenti Yusufu Lule, ekya Uganda Freedom Fighters, okutondawo eggye lya National Resistance Army (NRA) nga kye kyali ekiwayi kyalyo eky'ebyobufuzi, National Resistance Movement (NRM). Ebibinja by'abayeekera ebibiri, ekya Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF) n'ekyali ekya Uganda National Army (FUNA), byenganga amagye ga Obote. Eggye lya FUNA lyatandikibwawo mu bitundu bya West Nile mu bantu abaali batawagirwa Amin.[9]

Eggye lya NRA/NRM lyateekawo enteekateeka ya ssemasonga ekkumi "Ten-point Programme" nga ze zaali ezookukolebwako gavumenti eyali eddako, omwali: demokulasiya, ebyokwerinda, okuzzawo obumu mu bantu mu ggwanga, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga, okussaawo ebyenfuna ebiganyula buli munnansi era eby'olubeerera; okutumbula obuweereza eri abantu; okumalwo obuli bw'enguzi n'okukozesa obubi obuyinza; okumalawo obutali bwenkanya; okukolagana n'amawanga amalala agali ku ssemazinga wa Africa n'ebyenfuna ebyalina okubeeramu abagagga ennyo wamu n'ebyo ebirumiriwa abantu ba bulijjo.[10]

Ekitongole ekikessi ekya Central Intelligence Agency nga kisinziira ku bibalo bya World Factbook kiteebereza nti obukulembeze bwa Obote bwali buvunaanyizibwa ku kufa kw'abantu ba bulijjo abasukka emitwalo ekkumi (100,000) okwetooloola Uganda. civilian deaths across Uganda.[11]

Endagaano y'e Nairobi eya 1985

  Nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1985, okweyawulamu mu gavumenti y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyasobozesa eyali omuduumizi w'amagye gya Obote, Loteenanti- Genero Tito Okello , eyali Omukyoli okuwamba obuyinza. Museveni ne NRM/NRA baali banyiivu nnyo nti enkyukakyuka gye baali balwaniridde okumala emyala ena (4) yali "eyingiriddwa" eggye lya UNLA, kye baalaba nga waaliwo nnyo okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu bukulembeze bwa Obote II.[12]

Wadde nga waaliwo okukkiriziganya, wabula, eggye lya NRM/NRA oluvannyuma lyakkiriziganya enjogerezeganya ez'emirembe n'ekibinja ekyakulemberwamu Pulezidenti wa Kenya President Daniel arap Moi. Enjogerezeganya ezaakulungula ebbanga okuva nga 26 Ogwomunaana okutuuka nga 17 Ntenvu, The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, zaaleetawo akaseera ak'eddembe era okulwana ne kusirika amangu ddala. Endagaano ey'enkomeredde yateekebwako omukono e Nairobi, nga yateeka essira ku kuteeka wansi ebyokulwanyisa, okuggya amagye mu Kampala, okugatta amagye ga NRA n'aga gavumenti, okuteeka obukulembeze bw'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya NRA ku kakiiko k'amagye. Bino tebyatuukirizibwa.[13] 

Olutalo lw'e Kampala

  Bwe yali yeetabye mu njogerezeganya ezeemirembe, Museveni yali ateebereza amagye ga Genero Mobutu Sésé Seko owa Zaire okwetabya amagye ga Zaire mu kuyambako amagye ga munnamagye Okello okuvuunika gavumenti. Wabula, nga 20 Gatonnya 1986, enkumi n'enkumi z'amagye agaali amawulize eri Amin nga gayambibwako amagye ga Zaire gaayingira mu Uganda. Amagye gano gaayingrawo oluvannyuma lw'okutendekebwa okwekyama mu Zaire okuva mu kusaba okwali kukoleddwa Okello ennaku kkumi emabega.[14]

Nga 22 Gatonnya, amagye ga gavumenti mu Kampala gaali gatandise okuva mu bifo byago olwo abayeekera ne basobola okufuna amaanyi nga basinziira mu bitundu by'obukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba.[15]

Museveni yalayizibwa ku Bwapulezidenti nga 29 Gatonnya. "Kuno si kukyusa bukyusa magye, nkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu," Museveni bwe yategeeza oluvannyuma lw'omukolo ogwakulemberwamu Ssaabalamuzi enzaalwa ya Bungereza Peter Allen. Bwe yali ayogerako eri enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu wabweru wa Paalamenti, Pulezidenti omuggya yasuubiza okukomyawo demokulasiya, "Abantu ba Africa, bannayuganda, balina eddembe okubeera ne gavumenti essa ekitiibwa mu demokulasiya."Si kuyambibwa buyambibwa okuva eri gavumenti yonna, abantu be balina okukola gavumenti, sso si gavumenti yo nga yo." [16]

Okujja mu buyinza: 1986–1996

Ensisinka ya Museveni ne Pulezidenti Ronald Reagan mu maka g'Obwapulezidenti aga White House mu Gwekkumi gwa in October 1987

Okuzzaawo ebyobufuzi n'ebyenfuna

Uganda yatandika okwetaba mu nteekateeka ya IMF ey'okuddaabulula ebyenfuna mu 1987. Ebiruubirirwa byayo mwalimu okuzzaawo okukuwasizaako bannabyanfuna okusobola okukuza, okusiga ensimbi, okutondawo emirimu kko n'ebintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okukyusa ebyenfuna okwesigamwa ebyenfuna by'eggwanga naddala okutumbula ebyobusuubuzi nng'essira lyali liteereddwa ku kwongera ku bintu ebitundibwa wabweru w'eggwanga; okuggyawo obukwakkulizo n'okutereeza ebitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okutondawo enkulaakulana ey'ensibo mu byenfuna kko n'okukulaakulanya ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'okusobozesa buli omu okubeera n'omukisa okwetaba mu byobusuubuzi ku madaala gonna.[17]

Eddembe ly'obuntu n'ebyokwerinda munda mu ggwanga

  NRM yajja mu buyinza ng'esuubiza okuzzaawo ebyokwerinda n'okuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu butuufu, kino kiri mu nteekateeka ya NRM eya ssemasonga ekkumi (10) "NRM's ten-point programme", nga Museveni bwe yakinogaanya mu kwogera kwe ng'alayira.[18][19] Ssemasonga eyookubiri ku nteekateeka yaffe ya byakwerinda by'abantu n'ebintu byabwe. Buli muntu mu Ugannda alina okubeera n'obukiimi [obwannamaddala] okusobola okubeera awantu wonna w'ayagadde. Omuntu yenna, oba ekibinja kyonna ekitiisatiisa ebyokwerinda by'abantu baffa birina okukolebwako ewatali kisa. Bannayuganda balina kufa okufa okwobutonde kwe tutalinaako busobozi bwonna, naye si kuttibwa bantu bannaffe abagenda mu maaso n'okwegolorera kko n'okussiza ku ttaka lyaffe. Newankubadde nga Museveni ka yali akulira gavumenti empya mu Kampala, NRM yali tesobola kulaga busobozi bwayo okwetooloola Uganda yonna, okulwanisa abaali bagirwanisa ab'enjawulo. Okuva ku ntandikwa y'Obwapulezidenti bwa Museveni, yalina obuwagizi bungi okuva mu bantu abaali mu luse lw'Olunnabantu mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono-ggwanjuba, Museveni gye yali yasimba amakanda. Museveni yasobola okufuna Abakalamajongo, abaalina akasaayi k'obulunzi bw'ente mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo-vvanjuba ekyalimu abantu abatono abataalina ddoboozi lya nkizo nnyo mu byabufuzi, okubeera ku ludda lwe ng'abawa ekifo mu gavumenti empya. Ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo okwetooloola ensalo ya Sudan, wabula, kyo kyamutawaanya nnyo. Mu kitundu kya, ekyalimu Abakakwa n'Abalugubala (mu kusooka abaali bawagira Amini), ebibinja by'abayeekera okwali ekya UNRF ne FUNA byalwana okumala emyaka egiwera okutuusa lwe baagatta agaali gasumbibwa ekitundu ne demokulasiya mu kitundu ekyali kyogerwako. Omukulembeze w'ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya UNRF, Moses Ali, yava mu by'obuyeekera era ne yeewaayo eri gavumenti n'afuulibwa omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita owookubiri. Abantu okuva mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga baalaba okujja kwa gavumenti mu buyinza eyali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali ava mu bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga ng'ekintu ekyabakankanya ennyo. Ebibinja by'abayeekera byatandikibwawo abantu b'e Lango, Acholi, ne Teso, baafufuggazibwa olw'amaanyi g'eggye lya NRA okujjaku mu bitundu by'ewala ennyo ensalo ya Sudan gye yali ebasobozesa. Ekibinja ky'abayeekea ekyali mu bitundu bya Acholi ekya Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) kyalemwa okulemesa NRA okubeera mu kitundu kya Acholi, ekyaleka ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) nga si kimativu. Okuwangulwa kw'ebibiina by'abayeekera byombi okwali UPDA ne HSM olutalo kwalulekamu ekibinja oluvannyuma ekyategeereeka nga ekya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), ekyali kiyinza okwekyusiza Abacholi bo bennyini.[20]

Museveni (olunyiriri olusooka, owookusatu okuva ku ddyo) ku bikujjuko by'amazalibwa ga Kim Il-sung ag'emyaka ekinaana (80) mu 1992

Eggye lya NRA oluvannyuma lyafuna ekifaananyi ekirungi bwe kyatuuka mu kussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'abantu aba bulijjo, nerwankubadde oluvannyuma Museveni yakolokotwa olw'okukozesa abaana mu magye ge. Ekintu ekitaalaga mpisa mu ggye lya NRA era ne kyonoona ekifaananyi ky'obwenkanya kye baali bafunye. "Abasajja ba Museveni bwe baali baakajja beeyisa bulungi nnyo era ne tubaaniriza," omunakyalo omu bwe yategeeza, "naye oluvannyuma ne batandika okukwata abantu n'okubatta."[21][22]

Mu Gwokusatu gwa 1989, ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyafulumya alipoota ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda, eyatuumibwa, "The Human Rights Record 1986–1989". Ekitongole kino kyawandiika ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okwali kweyongedde ennyo mu Uganda okwali kukolebwa amagye ga NRA. Okusinziira ku mukungu w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte, Olara Otunnu, yategeeza nti Museveni yeetaba mu kittabantu ekya Nilotic – luo ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga. Mu kaseera akamu olutalo mwe lwanyiinyiitirira ennyo, wakati w'Ogwekkumi ne Ntenvu wa 1988, eggye lya NRA lyaggya abantu abasukka mu mutwalo ogumu (100,000) mu maka gaabwe ne mu kibuga ky'e Gulu mu bukake.Abajaasi batta ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu bwe baali babakaka okutambula, okwokya amaka gaabwe wamu n'ebyagi (amatereko g'emmere).[23] Wabula, mu kuggywa kwalwo, alipoota yawa abantu abamu essuubi.   Wabula, nga 13 Ogwomwenda, eyaliko ssenkulu wa Poliisi wa Museveni, Genero Kale Kayihura yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abaalina okussibwako envumbo ekitongole kya America ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya United States Department of the Treasury olw'okutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly'obuntu mu kiseera we yabeere ssaabaduumizi wa poliisi (Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu gwa 2018). Kino kyali kiva mu mirimu egyakolebwanga ekitongole kya poliisi ekya "Flying Squad Unit" ekyatulugunyanga ennyo abantu kko n'obuli bw'enguzi. Oluvannyuma Kayihura yasikizibwa Martin Okoth Ochola.

Alondebwa mu kisanja ekisooka (1996–2001)

Okulonda

Okulonda okwasooka mu gavumenti ya Museveni kwaliwo nga 9 Ogwokutaano 1996. Museveni yawangula Paul Ssemogerere ow'ekibiina kya Democratic Party, eyawakanya ebyava mu kulonda mu kibiina ky'omukago gwa "Inter-party forces coalition", kwossa ne Kibirige Mayanja eyawakanya ennyo engeri abalonzi gye baali bawandiisiddwamu. Museveni yawangula n'ebitundu nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu butaano ku buli kikumi. Okuva ku bitundu by'abalonzi nsanvu mu bibiri n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi abaali balina okulonda. Wadde ng'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ne Bannayuganda abatunuulira ebyobufuzi baalaba okulonda kuno ng'okutuufu, abaakwetabamu bonna baagaana ebyakuvaamu. Museveni yalayizibwa nga Pulezidenti omulundi Ogwokubiri nga 12 Ogwokutaano 1996.[24]

Mu 1997 yatandikawo okusoma kwa bonnabasome okw'obwereere okwa Pulayimale.[25]

Okulonda okw'omulundi ogwokubiri waliwo mu mwaka gwa 2001. Pulezidenti Museveni yafuna obululu ebitundu nkaaga mu mwenda (69) ku buli kikumi era n'awangula munne eyamuli ku mbiranye Kizza Besigye. Besigye yali nnyo ku lusegere lwa Pulezidenti Museveni era ye yali omusawo we mu kaseera we baabeerera mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko. Wabula, ababiri bano baafuna obutakkaanya bwe twali nga tetunnagenda mu kulonda kwa 2001, Besigye we yasalirawo okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti.[26] Okunoonya akalulu ka 2001 kwaliwo nnyo okulaga obukyayi nga Pulezidenti Museveni yali atiisatiisa okuteeka abaali bamuvuganya "ebigere mukaaga wansi we".[27]

Okulonda kwavaamu okwekubira enduulu okwakolebwa mu kkooti etaputa ssemateeka ensukkulumu nga Besigye ye yakuteekayo. Kkooti yasalawo nti okulonda kwali kwa mazima na bwenkaya wabula n'egaana okusazaamu ebyava mu kulonda nga beesigama ku balamuzi basatu (3) abaasalawo nti okulonda tekusazibwamu n'ababiri (2) abaasalawo nti okulonda kusazibwemu kw'abo abatuula ku kakiiko ka kkooti ensukkulumu etaputa ssemateeka. Kkooti yasalawo nti newankubadde okulonda kwalimu ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu mateeka bingi, tebyataataaganya bintu byava mu kulonda. Ssaabalamuzi Benjamin Odoki n'omulamuzi Alfred Karokora ne Joseph Mulenga omusango baagusalira ku ludda lw'omuwawaabirwa sso nga ate abalamuzi Aurthur Haggai Oder ne John Tsekoko bo omusanga gaagusalira ku ludda lwa Besigye.[28]

Ebirabo ky'ensi yonna

Museveni yalondebwa nga ssentebe w'ekibiina ekitaba amawanga g'ensi yonna ekya Organisation of African Unity (OAU) mu 1991 ne 1992.

Oboolyawo obuwanguzi Museveni bwe yaakasinga okutuukako wamu ne gavumenti ye ye kaweefube w'okulwanyisa nnawookeera w'ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Mu myaka gya 1980, Uganda yali emu ku nsi ezaali zisingamu omuwendo gw'abantu abaali balina akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bwa mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna, naye mu kaseera kano, omuwendo gw'abantu abano gugenze gukendeera mu Uganda. Era eggwanga lyogerwako ng'eririna abalwadde ba mukenenya abatono ennyo mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya okwetooloola ensi yonna (laba AIDS in Africa). Emu ku nteekateeka ezikulembeddwamu Pulezidenti Museveni okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukennenya n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya y'enteekateeka ya ABC. Enteekateeka ya ABC yalimu ebitundu ebikulu bisatu "Okwewala, Okubeera omwesigwa, Oba okukozesa obupiira, singa A ne B zibeera teziteekeddwa mu nkola." Mu Gwokuna gwa 1998, Uganda yafuuka ensi eyasooka okulangirirwa okubeera n'obusobozi okwewola wansi w'enteekateeka y'okuyamba ensi enjavu eya "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries" (HIPC), n'efuna obuyambi bw'obukadde bwa ddoola za America lusanvu "US$700".[29]

Museveni yasiimibwa olw'enteekateeka ze ezimu ez'okuyamba abakazi mu ggwanga. Yakolako n'omukyala Specioza Kazibwe, ng'omumyuka we ku bwapulezidenti, kumpi okumala emyaka kkumi, era n'akola kya maanyi nnyo okusobozesa abakazi okugenda okusoma. Ku ludda olulala, Museveni yagaana okusaba kw'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza ku ttaka lya famire (eddembe ly'abakyala okubeera n'obuyinza oba n'omugabo ku bintu omukyala by'abeera akoze n'omwami nga bali mu bufumbo).[30]

Olupapula lw'amulire olufulumira mu America olwa "New York Times" bye lwayogera ku Museveni mu 1997.[31]

Ennaku zino za kwenyumirizaamu nnyo eri eyaliko omuyeekera nga mu kaseera kano y'akulembera Uganda. Akozesa enteekateeka n'obubonero bw'abakulembeze okukuuma obuyinza n'okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kye. Abakukunavu wamu n'abakugu abamu ku lukalu lwa Africa bagamba nti , tekyewuunyisa nnyo. Pulezidenti Yoweri K okukola ekyo. Museveni yatandika omugendo gw'endowooza okukyusa ennyo Africa, okumalirawo ddala obuli bw'enguzi, okuteekawo gavumenti engumu enno nga bwe kyali mu kiseera ky'olutalo lw'endowooza (Cold war). Mu nnaku zino, aboogezi ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi okwetooloola ssemazinga bayita Mw. Museveni Bismarck wa Africa. Abantu abamu bamutwala ng'omuzira wa Africa omulala ng'addirira omuzira wa South African Pulezidenti Nelson Mandela.

Mu mpapula entongole ezaafulumizibwa Madeleine Albright mu Ntenvu wa 1997 ng'alambula olukalu lwa Africa nga ssaabawandiisi w'ettwale, Museveni yayogerwako obukulembeze bwa Clinton "ng'entabiro y'essuubi" atambulira ewamu "n'okutaba ebiwayi ebibiri ebya demokulasiya", newankubadde nti Uganda eddukanyzibwa ku musingi gw'ebyobufuzi obw'ebibiina ebingi.[32]

Museveni abadde nnyo munywanyi ow'omugaso owa United States mu lutalo lw'ekiyeekera.[33]

Akakuubagano k'ekitundu

  Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali mu Rwanda mu mwaka gwa 1994, gavumenti ya Rwanda yawulira ng'etidde nnyo olw'okubeera n'okwetooloola ennyo ensalo ya Rwanda mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) eyali ey'eyaliko omusirikale wa Rwanda owa gavumenti eyali evuddeko. Abajaasi bano baayambibwako Mobutu Sese Seko, okukulemberamu Rwanda (nga bayambibwako Museveni) n'abayeekera ba Loteenaanti Kabila abeetaba mu Lutalo lwa Congo olwasoosa okusobola okumaamulako Mobutu okusobola okutwala obuyinza mu DRC.[34]: 267–268 

Mu Gwomunaana gwa 1998, Rwanda ne Uganda baddamu okulumba DRC mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri, nga mu kiseera kino baali baagala kumaamulako Kabila, eyaliko munywanyi wa Museveni ne Kagame. Museveni ng'ali wamu n'abawi b'amagezi abatono abaamuli ku lusegere baakola okusalawo okusindika eggye lya Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) mu DRC. Abantu ab'enkizo ennyo baalaga nti Paalamenti ya Uganda n'abawabuzi ku ludda lw'abantu aba bulijjo baali tebeebuziddwako ku nsonga eno, nga bwe kirambikibwa mu ssemateeka wa 1995.[35] : 262–263  Museveni mu kaseera kano yakunga abantu abaali bifo eby'enkizo okwenyigira mu nsonga eno.[36] "Twawulira nga bannansi ba Rwanda be baatandika olutalo era gwali mulimu gwabwe okugenda mu maaso okumariza omulimu, naye Pulezidenti waffe yatwala obudde n'atumatiza nti twalina omukono ku kyali kigenda mu maaso mu Congo", omujaasi ow'oku ntikko ye yayogera ebyo. Ensonga entongole lwaki Uganda yeetaba mu lutalo luno kwe kukomya "ekittabantu" ekyali kikolebwa ku bantu b'ekika ky'e Banyamulenge mu DRC nga balwanagana n'amagye ga Rwanda wamu n'ago aga Kabila eyali alemereddwa okuteeka obukuumi ku nsalo wamu n'okukkiriza amagye ga Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) okulumba Uganda nga gatera okusinziira mu DRC. Mu butuufu, amagye ga UPDF gaateekebwa munda mu DRC, mu buwanvu obusukka kkiromita lukumi (1,000) (620 mi) bu buvanjuba bwa Uganda ku we basalaganira ne DRC.[37]

Amagye okuva e Rwanda nee Uganda gaalumba era ne gayingira ekitundu ky'eggwanga ekyalimu ennyo ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka n'embaawo. Obulumbaganyi buno bwaviirako eggwanga lya America okuwera obuyambi bwonna bwe lyali liwa Uganda, ekintu ekyayiwa ennyo obukulembeze bwa Clinton kubanga yali asuubidde okukozesa Uganda ng'entabiro y'enteekateeka y'okumalawo obutabanguko mu Africa eya "African Crisis Response". Mu 2000, amagye ga Rwanda ne Uganda gaalwanagana ku bunyomero bwa mirundi esatu mu kibuga kya DRC eky'e Kisangani, ekyaviirako okutya wamu n'okuseebengerera kw'enkolagana wakati wa Kagame ne Museveni. Gavumenti ya Uganda ezze ekolokotebwa nnyo olw'okwongera amaanyi mu kakuubagano k'e Ituri, akamu ku bukuubagano obwali mu lutalo lw'e Congo olwokubiri. Amagye ga Uganda mu butongole gava mu Congo mu 2003 era ekibinja ky'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe ne kiteekebwa mu kifo kino. Mu Ntenvu wa 2005, Kkooti y'ensi yonna etaputa ssemateeka yasala nti Uganda wali ya kuliyirira DRC olw'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu olwakolebwa mu lutalo lwa Congo olwokubiri.[38]

Ekisanja ekyokubiri (2001–2006)

Okulonda kwa 2001 elections

Mu 2001, Museveni yawangula okulonda kw'obwapulezidenti nga ye yasinga okufuna ebitundu by'obululu ebisinga obungi, nga yali yeesimbyewo n'eyali mukwano gwe ate era omusawo we Kizza Besigye nga ye yamuli ennyo ku mbiranye. Mu kamu ku bubade obwamutunda ennyo mu bantu, Museveni yatambulira ku Booda booda okugenda okutwalayo empapulaze ez'okumusunsula okuwesimbawo. Bodaboda okusinziira ku ndowooza z'abazungu, booda booda kika kya ntambula ekya layisi wabula nga kya bulabe nnyo, ekitambuza abasaabaze okwetooloola ebibuga n'ebyalo mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa East Africa.[39]

Waaliwo okwemulugunya n'obukambwe bungi mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu 2001, mwalabikiramu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira Museveni ku buwanguzi. Besigye yagenda mu kkooti ya Uganda ensukkulumu okuwakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda. Abalamuzi babiri ku bataano baasala nga bagamba nti okulonda kwalimu ebirumira bingi era ebyali bikuvuddemu byalina okusazibwamu. Abalamuzi abalala bo baasala nti ebirumira bino byali tebitaataaganyizza byava mu kulonda , wabula ne bateesa nti, "waliiwo obujulizi obwali bulagira ddala nti omuwendo gw'ebifo ebyalondebwamu mungi byalimu okubba obululu" ne mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebirala, "era ne kiba ng'akawaayiro k'okubeera n'okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya nga katyoboolwa."[40]

Ebyobufuzi by'abangi n'okukyusa ssemateeka.

Pulezidenti Museveni ne Pulezidenti wa U.S. George W. Bush mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2003

Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebyali birinnya mu kimu ne Museveni byatandika kakuyege w'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka aggyibwemu akawaayiro k'ekkomo ku bisanja bya Pulezidenti, okumusobozesa okuddamu okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa 2006. Ssemateeka wa 1995 yali yateeka ekkomo lya bisanja bibiri ku Pulezidenti abeera aliko.

Enteekateeka y'okukyusa ssemateeka n'ebyali bigambibwa okumalawo oludda oluvuganya mu byobufuzi by'eggwanga kyakolokotebwa nnyo abantu aboogera ku byobufuzi kuno, ebibiina by'ensi yonna, n'abagabirizi b'obuyambi mu Uganda. Mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwako bannamawulire ekyakolebwa ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), kyanenya Museveni olw'okwetaba mu "nteekateeka y'okubeera pulezidenti okutuusa lw'alifa", wamu n'okuwa ababaka ba paalamenti enguzi okusobola okuwagira okukonga ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, abakulembeze ba FDC bwe baategeeza:

Eggwanga linyiikaavu nga bannayuganda bangi tebaagala [nonoosereza mu ssemateeka]. Singa paalamenti egenda mu maaso n'okuggya ekkomo ku bisanja pulezidenti by'alina okukoma okwesibirako, kino kiyinza okuleetawo obusambattuko obw'amaanyi, okusiiga ebyobufuzi ekifaananyi ekibi, era kiyinza okuvaamu okuttattana engeri y'okukyusaamu obuyinza era noolwekyo... Twandiyagadde okusaba Pulezidenti President Museveni yeewe ekitiibwa, wamu ne ssemateeka mwe yayita okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti mu 2001 mwe yasuubiriza eggwanga n'ensi yonna okutwaliza awamu okuwaayo obukulembeze mu mirembe era mu ngeri ennungamu ku nkomerero y'ekisanja kye ekyokubiri era ekisembayo. Ekitali ekyo, yali wa kulabibwa ng'omulimba kayingo n'omufere w'ebyobufuzi eggwanga gwe likyafunye.

Nga bwe kyalabibwa abatunuulizi by'ebyobufuzi abamu, omwali Wafula Oguttu, Museveni gye buvuddeko yategeeza nga bwe yalina endowooza y'okubeera mu woofiisi emiundi kkumi n'etaano (15) n'okusukkawo, ekintu ekiraga nti yali aweereddwa amagezi amakyamu.[41] Ebigambo munnansi wa Repubulic of Ireland eyali alwanyisa obwavu Bob Geldof bye yayogera abawagizi ba Museveni ne beekalakaasiza wabweru w'ekitebe kya Bungereza mu Kampala. "Twesonyiwe Museveni. Obudde bo buweddeko, genda," omuyimbi nnakinku bwe yategeeza mu Gwokusatu gwa 2005, ng'annyonnyola nti enteekateeka ya Museveni okukyusa ssemateeka yali ekontana ne bye yakola omwali okulwanyisa obwavu n'okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kya mukenenya kkon'obulwadde bwa mukenenya.[42] Mu kiwandiiko Boston Globe mwe yayoleseza endowooza ye era ne mu kwogera kwa Wilson Center, eyaliko omubaka wa U.S. mu Uganda Johnnie Carson yavumirira nnyo Museveni olw'enteekateeka eno. Ng'oggyeko okutwalibwa nga Pulezidenti "owannamaddala eyali aleeseewo enkyukakyuk" nga "obukulembeze bwe obwali buleeseewo obutebenkevu n'enkulaakulana", Carson naye yategeeza nti, "tuyinza okuba nga tugenda kufuna Mugabe omulala agenda okussaawo Zimbabwe endala". "Abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bangi balaba enteekateeka ya Museveni okukola ennogoosereza mu ssemateeka ng'egenda okuzzaawo obuzibu obusinga okulabibwako mu bakulembeze ba Africa abangi ababeera bataagala kukulembera nga bagoberera ssemateeka kko n'obutaagala kuwaayo buyinza".[43]

Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, Norway yafuuka ensi ya Bulaaya eyookusatu oluvannyuma lw'emyezi mitono okulangirira akabonero k'okusala obuyambi ku Ugandanga yeekuusa ku bukulembeze mu ggwanga. UK ne Ireland baakola ekintu kye kimu mu mwezi Gwokutaano."Minisita waffe ow'ensonga z'ebweru yayagadde okulambika ensonga bbiri: okukyusa ebisanja bya Pulezidenti ng'okola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka, n'obuzibu bw'obutaleka bannabyabufuzi kwetaaya, eddembe ly'obuntu n'obuli bw'enguzi", omubaka wa Norway Tore Gjos bwe yategeeza.[44] Ng'ensonga enkulu eyayogerwako kwali kukwata ababaka ba paalamenti ababiri ab'oludda oluvuganya okuva mu kibiina kya FDC. Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baatwala okukwatibwa kw'abantu bano okubeeramu ebyobufuzi. Abatunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu baategeeza nti "okukwata ababaka ba Paalamenti bano kiraga okweyagaliza mu byobufuzi".[45] Alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna eyeekyama eyasomolwa mu mwezi Gwokutaano yategeeza nti abawozi b'ensimbi yonna bayinza okusalako obuyambi bwabwe olw'enteekateeka ezityoboola eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. "N'ennaku ennyingi tutegeeza nti tetukyasobola kutuusa bweweereza bwaffe mu Uganda olw'embeera y'ebyobufuzi eriyo, newankubadde ng'eggwanga libadde mu mbeera eyadde yeegombebwa mu myala kya 1990 egisembyeyo, olupapula bwe lwategeeza. "Gavumenti eremereddwa nnyo okwetabya abantu abangi mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi emu erabibwako okumala ebbanga eddene...oboolyawo ekisinga okubeera ekikulu, ebyobufuzi bwe bitambula olw'obumalirirvu bwa Pulezidenti okwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokusatu, nga kyali kibi.[46]

Museveni yayanukula obunkenke obwali bweyongera okuva mu mawanga gw'ebweru ng'anenya abagabirizi b'obuyambi okwetaba mu byobufuzi bymawanga kko n'okukozesa obuyambi okwefunza amawanga amaavu. "Leka bannamikago bannaffe batuwe magezi gokka wabula okusalawo bakulekere amawanga ... [ensi ezaakulaakulana edda] zirina okweggyamu omuze gw'okugezaako okusalirawo amawanga amaavu nga geelimbika mu buyambi."[47] "Ekizibu ky'abantu bano si kisanja kyakusatu oba okulwanyisa enguzi oba ebyobufuzi by'ebibiina ebingi" Museveni bwe yayongerako bwe yali mu lukungaana lw'akulembeze b'amawanga ga Africa, ekizibu kiri nti baagala kutukuuma nga tetukulaakulana."[48]

Mu Gwomusanvu gwa 2005, akalulu k'ekikungo ku kukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka kaakyusa akakwakkulizo akaali kamaze emyaka ekkumi n'omwenda (19) ku mirimu gy'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Mu kiseera we wataabeerera bibiina bya byabufuzi "enkola y'omugendo" (esinga okumanyikibwa "ng'omugendo") eyateekebwawo Museveni mu 1986, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi byagenda mu maaso n'okubeerawo, wabula abantu baali balina kwesimbawo ku lwabwe wabula si nga beekuusa ku kibiina kya byabufuzi. Enkola eno yali eteereddwawo n'ekigendererwa okukendeeza enjawukana mu mawanga, newankubadde nga abatunuulizi b'ebyobufuzi bazze nga bavaayo ne bategeeza nti enkola eno teyalina kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukugira bannabyabufuzi abaali ku ludda oluvuganya. Okulonda bwe kwali tekunnabaawo, owogezi w'ekibiina kya FDC yategeeza nti, "Ebitongole by'ebyenfuna ebikulu mu ggwanga bikulirwa bantu abava mu kitundu Pulezidenti gy'azaalibwa .... "Tufunye gavumenti esinga okwesigama ku mawanga mu byafaayo newankubadde nga tewali bibiina byabyabufuzi." Abantu bangi baalaba okukomyawo kwa Museveni ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi ng'enteekateeka y'okuddamu okutabagana n'abagabi b'obuyambi - eyali egezaako okubagonza bwe yalangirira nti yali ayagala kwesimbawo ekisanja ekyokuna.[49] Omubaka wa Paalamenti ow'oludda oluvuganya Omara Atubo agambye nti obwagazi bwa Museveni okuleetawo enkyukakyuka "kwali kutimba bbula kwe yali agezaako okukweka mu bwagazi bwe okufuga obulamu bwe bwonna".[50]

Okufa kwa John Garang

Nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2005, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Sudan John Garang yattiba mu kabenje k'ennyonyi ya Pulezidenti wa Uganda ey'obwannannyini eyafuna akabenja bwe yali bubbanga ng'addayo e Sudan ng'ava mu njogerezeganya mu Uganda. Garang yali yaakamala mu kifo ky'obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti bwa Sudan wiiki ssatu zaokka mu kiseera we yafiira.[51]

Engambo zaasaasaaa nnyo nti Museveni ye yali avunanyizibwa ku kuviirako akabenje kano, ekyamuviirako okutiisatiisa okuggalawo olupapula lw'amawulire olwafulumya nti Museveni ye yaviirako okufa kwa Grang nga 10 Ogwomunaana. Mu kiwandiiko, Museveni yategeeza nti engambo zino zaali za bulabe nnyo eri ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga. "Sijja kukkiriza lupapula lwa mawulire olulinga ensega. Olupapula lw'amawulire lwonna oluzannya n'ebyokwerinda by'ekitundu, sijja kukkiriza kino- nja kuluggala."[52] Olunaku olwaddako, leediyo ey'ettutumu KFM yaggyibwako layisinsi olw'okwogera ku kufa kwa Garang. Omuweereza wa leediyo Andrew Mwenda oluvannyuma yakwatibwa olw'ebigambo ebyali byoleka omuntu eyeekuusa ku kufa kwa Grang bye yakozesa mu pulogulaamu ya KFM ey'okukubaganya ebirowoozo.[53]

Okulonda kw'Ogwokubiri 2006

  Nga 17 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu 2005, Museveni yalondebwa ng'eyali agenda okukwatira ekibiina kya NRMs bendera okuvuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kw'omu Gwokubiri gwa 2006 mu kulonda kwa bonna. Okumusunsula okwesimbawo omulungi ogwokusatu kyakolokotebwa abantu bangi kubanga yali yategeeza mu mwaka gwa 2001 yali seesimbawo ekisanja kye ekisemba.

Okukwatibwa kw'akulembera oludda oluvuganya gavumenti omukulu Kizza Besigye nga 14 Ogwekkumi n'ogumu - n'avunaanwa omusango gw'okulya mu nsi olukwe, okwekweka mu nsi wabula ng'agiryamu olukwe wamu n'okusobya ku bakazi- kyavaako okwegugunga mu Kampala ne mu bibuga ebirala. Enteekateeka ya Museveni okwesimbawo omulundi ogwokusatu, okukwatibwa kwa Besigye, n'okutiisatiisa kkooti ensukkulumu bwe yali ewulira omusango gwa Besigye (nga bayiwa amagye amangi ku kkooti agaali gabagalidde ebyokulwanyisa ate nga ge gaali gakola mu ngeri y'emu ng'ekitongole ky'awulire, "Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad"), kyaviirako amawanga okwali Sweden, Netherlands, ne United Kingdom gaalekera awo okuyambako gavumenti ya Museveni mu byenfuna kubanga obwetaavu bwago bwali mu kulaba enkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu ggwanga.[54][55] Nga 2 Gatonnya 2006, Besigye yateebwa oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ensukkulumu okulagira nti ateebwe mu bunnambiro.[56]

Okulonda kwa nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006 kwe kulonda kwa Uganda okwasooka okwetabibwamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi mu myaka abiri mu etaano (25) era kwalabibwa ng'okugeesa ebisaanyizo by'okubeera ne demokulasiya mu ggwanga. Newankubadde Museveni yakola bubi nnyo okusinga nga bwe yali akola mu kulonda okwali kuzze kubaawo, yaddamu okulondebwa ku kisanja ekirala kya myaka etaano, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna ebitundu ataano mu mwenda ku buli kikumi (59) nga Besigye eyamuli ku mbiranye ye yafuna ebitundu asatu mu musanvu ku buli kikumi (37). Besigye agambibwa okugamba nti bino byali bijingiriddwa era n'abigaana. Ekibiina ky'amawanga ga bulaaya amagatte n'abatunuulizi b'ebyokulanda abeetengeredde mu Uganda bateegeea nti okulonda kwa 2006 nti tekwali kwa bwenkanya.[57] Kkooti ensukkulumu yategeeza nti okulonda kwali kujjuddemu okutiisatiisa, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okutyoboola eddembe ly'abalonzi, n'obumulumulu obulala; wabula kkooti eyatuulako abalamuzi omusanvu (7) abana baategeeza nti ebyali bivudde mu kulonda byali birina okusigalawo ate abasatu ne bawakanya ebyali bivudde mu kulonda.[58]

Ekisanja ekyokusatu (2006–2011)

Mu 2007, Museveni yawa ekibiina ky'omukago ogugatta amawanga ga Africa (African Union) amagye okukuuma emirembe mu Somalia.

Era mu kisanja kino, Museveni yatuuza enkiiko ne bamusingansimbi omwali ne Wisdek, okusobola okutumbula ebiruubirirwa bya Uganda wamu n'okunoonya amakolero kko n'okutondawo emirimu mu ggwanga.to promote Uganda's call centre and outsourcing industry and create employment to the country.[59]

Obwegugungo bw'omu Gwomwenda gwa 2009

Mu Gwomwenda gwa 2009 Museveni yagaana Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi, Kabaka wa Buganda, olukusa okukyalako mu bitundu by'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ebimu, naddagala mu distulikiti y'e Kayunga . Obwegugungo bwaliwo era abantu abasukka mu makumi ana (40) battibwa nga abalala baatwalibwa mu makomera n'okutuusa kati. Okwengereza kw'ekyo, abantu abala mwenda Furthermore, nine more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.[60]

Obwagazi bwe eri Obukatoliki

Mu 2009, emikutu gy'aawulire egifulumira mu ggwanga lya America okuli ogwa MSNBC ne NPR mu kunoonyereza kwa munnamawulire Jeff Sharlet yawandiika ku bukwatane obw'amaanyi wakati wa Museveni n'ekitongole ekibunyisa ky'engiri ya Krisito ekisinziira mu America ekya " American fundamentalist Christian organization" ekibiina ekibunyisa ky'engiri (era ekimanyikiddwa nga "amaka").[61][62] Sharlet yawandiika nti Douglas Coe, omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekibuulizi ky'enjiri, yanokolayo Museveni ng'omusajja w'ekitongole ow'enkizo ennyo ku ssemazinga wa Africa.[63]

Eddembe ku bali b'ebisiyaga

Okwekenneeya okulala okwetooloola ensi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2009 kwalaga amaanyi ga Bannayuganda okuteekawo ekibonerezo ky'okufa eri abali b'ebisiyaga, nga wano abakulembeze okuva mu mawanga okuli Bungereza, Kanada, Bufalansa ne America baalaga obwetaavu ku ddembe ly'obuntu.[64] Olupapula lw'amawulire olufulumira mu ggwanga lya Bungereza olwa The Guardian lwawandiika ku Museveni "nga eyali alabika okubeera ng'awagira" abantu abaali bakola etteeka lino, wamu n'ebintu ebirala, nga gugamba "Abali b'ebisiya okuva mu mawanga ga Bulaya bayingira mu Africa", era enkwatagana wakati w'abali b'ebisiyaga teri mu kwagala kwa Katonda.[65]

Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2021 abantu amakumi ana mu bana (44) baakwatibwa ku kifo awabeera abali b'ebisiyaga, nga kigambibwa nti baali batyoboola amateeka agaateekebwawo okutangira ensaasaana y'ekirwadde kya Kkovid.[66]

Museveni mmemba w'ekibiina kya NRM era agenda mu maaso n'okukozesa "obuli bw'ebisiyaga" okukkakkanya abamuvuganya naddala bammemba b'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform. Nga 19 Museenene 2020, mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwapulezidenti, Museveni yagamba nti kakuyege wa Bobi Wine yali avujjirirwa bantu b'ebweru, naddala abali b'ebisiyaga abagwira.[67]

Ekisanja ekyokuna(2011–2016)

 

Vladimir Putin ne Yoweri Museveni mu 2012

Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga 20 Ogwokubiri 2011 nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu munaana (68) ku kikumi nga buno bwe bwali obusinga obungi ku bitundu ataano mu mwenda (59) ku kikumi ku balonzi abaali beewandiisizza. Ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa ekibiina ekitaba amawanga ga bulaaya wamu n'oludda oluvuganya. Okusinziira ku ttiimu y'abatunuulizi b'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi, baalaba nti "Enteekateeka y'okulonda yamaamirwa obutakola bintu byali biteekeddwa kukolebwa wamu n'okulwawo okutuusa ebintu ebikozesebwa mu budde".[68][69]

Ng'oggyeko Pulezidenti wa Misiri (Egypt) Hosni Mubarak ne Pulezindeti wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Museveni yafuuka omukulembeze ku ssemazinga wa Africa owookutaano akyasinze okulwa mu buyinza.[70]

Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2011, okulinnya kw'ebintu kwatuuka ku bitundu asatu n'obutundutundu butaano (30.5) ku buli kikumi, nga kino kyali kiva ku kulinya kw'emmere n'amafuta. [71] Okusooka mu 2011, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye yatandikawo enteekateeka y'okwegugunga eyakazibwako erya "Walk to Work"ng'awakanya okwekanama kw'ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo.[72] Nga 28 Ogwokuna 2011, Besigye yakwatibwa kubanga Museveni yagamba nti Besigye ye yali asoose okumulumba, omusango gwe yeegaana.[73] Okukwatibwa kwa Besigye kwaviirako obwegugungo mu Kampala.[74] Besigye yasuubiza nti "okwekalakaasa okw'eddembe" kwali kujja kugenda mu maaso. Engeri gavumenti gye yakwatamu obwegugungo yavumirirwa nnyo abagabi b'obuyambi.[75]

Pulezidenti Museveni abuuzibwako Pulezidenti wa US Barack Obama mu Gwomunaana gwa 2014

Mu gyeka egizze giyita, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu kuzze kulwabwako nnyo nnyo. Okusinziira ku batunuulizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu, "Wakati wa Gatonnya n'Ogwomukaaga [2013], ekitongole ekitunuulira eddembe lya bannamawulire kyalaba obulumbaganyi amakumi ataano (50) obwakolebwa ku bannamawulire, newankubadde nga wazze wabaawo ebibadde byogerwa ku kuteeka ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bannamawulire." Mu kiseera kino, empapula z'amawulire ez'amaanyi ennyo mu ggwanga okuli "The Daily Monitor" ne "The Red Pepper", zaggalwawo era ne ziggyibwako gavumenti layisinzi olw'okufulumya amawulire ku "lukwe lw'okukuba abakungu ba gavumenti abakulu ne bannamagye ab'oku ntikko amasasi abaali bawakanya Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni ... n'enteekateeka ze okukwasa mutabani we obuyinza ng'awummudde".[76]

Ensonga endala ey'okutyobola eddembe ly'obuntu yalabibwako mu mwaka gwa 2014 nga gwakatandika Museveni bwe yateeka omukono ku bbago eryali liwakanya obuli bw'ebisiyaga ne lifuuka etteka. Mu kuwayaamu n'omukutu gwa CNN, Museveni yayita abali b'ebisiyaga "ekyenyinyaza" era n'ategeeza nti nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga gwali muze abantu gwe bayiga obuyizi. Abakulembeze b'amawanga ga Bulaaya, omwali n'owa United States Pulezidenti Obama, yavumirira etteka lino.[77]

Museveni yavumiria eky'eggwanga lya US okwetaba mu lutalo lwa Libya (Libyan Civil War"era bwe yali ayogerako mu lukiiko lw'ekibiina kyamawanga amagatt (UN), amawanga ga Africa okudduukiria gannaago munsonga z'amagye kiteekawo nnyo obutebenkevu mu mawanga ga Africa okubala ebbanga eddene, ye ky'ayita "Ebizibu bya Africa bya kugonjoolebwa Africa."[78]

Ekisanja ekyokutaano(2016–2021)

Okulonda kwa 2016

Abeesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti mu kalulu kano kwaliko Yoweri Museveni, ali bu buyinza kati era abadde mu kifo kino okuva mu 1986, ne Kizza Besigye, eyeemulugunya ku kubba obululu n'effujjo ku bifo ebyaondebwamu. Okulonda kwayongezebwayo mu bifo ebirala ku alipoota ezigambibwa nti abalonzi baganibwa okulonda mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kakiiko k'ebyokulonda, Museveni yaddamu okulondebwa nga (18 Ogwokubiri 2016) nga yafuna ebitundu nkaaga mu kimu ku kikumi (61) ate nga ye Besigye yafuna obululu ebitundu asatu mu bitaano (35) ku kikumi. Abooluda oluvuganya gaagamba nti obufere okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, ebintu ebitakkirizibwa mu kulonda, okukwata abantu abaali ku ludda oluvuganya, n'embeera eyalimu ennyo okutiisatiisa abalonzi.[79]

Okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu 2018.

Yoweri Museveni nga'yogera mu lukiiko ly'okusuubulagana kw'ebisolo by'omu nsiko okutali mu mateeka mu London, Ogwekkumi 2018

Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni, nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ali mu buyinza yateeka omukono ku nnongoosereza mu ssemateeka okukyusa akawaayiro k'ennyingo 102 B mu mwaka gwa 2017, akaasinga okumanyika nga "ebbago l'yokuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kwalina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti" nga 27 Ntenvu 2017.[80] Ebbago lino lyayisibwa bulungi mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi (10) nga 20 Ntenvu. Olwo nga 27 Ntenvu 2017, nga yeesigama ku buwaayiro 259 ne 262 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda, ebbago lyateekebwako omukono okuggya ekkomo omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti mu Uganda. Ennongoosereza eno nga tennakolebwa, ennyingo 102 B mu ssemateeka wa Uganda yali ekugira omuntu asusse emya ensanvu mu etaano (75) n'ali wansi w'emyaka asatu mu etaano (35) okwesimbawo ku bwapulezidenti. Ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti era ligenda mu maaso n'okukyusa emyaka gy'ekisanja ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti okuva ku myaka etaano (5) okudda ku myaka musanvu (7). Ebbago lino era lizzaawo ekkomo ku bijanja bya pulezidenti ebirina okubeera ebibiri nga bino byaggyibwawo mu nnongoosereza eyakolebwa mu ssemateeka mu mwaka gwa 2005.

Okuwakanya ebbago

Oluvannyuma lwa Museveni okuteeka omukono ku bbango ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2018 ne lifuuka etteeka nga 27 Ntencu 2017 (naye Paalamenti yafuna ebbaluwa nga 2 Gatonnya 2018), abantu okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna beekalakaasa mu kaseera ng'enteekateeka z'okuteeka omukono ku bbago lino zigenda mu maaso, nga bakozesa empenda zonna omwali n'emikutu emigattabantu. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2017, ababaka ba paalamenti abamu baakomyawo ssente bo ze baali bagamba nti yali nguzi basobole okuwagira ebbago lino ery'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti nga bakola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka.[81]

Ekitongole ekitaba bannamateeka mu ggwanga ekya "Uganda Law Society" ne bammemba abali ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti baagenda mu kkooti okuwakanya ebbago lino, nga bagamba nti enteekateeka eyali eyitibwamu okulonda yali ekontana n'obuwaaliyo okuli : 1, 2, 8A, 44 (c), 79 ne 94 obwa ssemateeka wa Uganda kubanga omukubiriza wa Paalamenti [Kadaga] yaggawo okukubanganya ebirowoozo ku nnongoosereza eno ng'ababaka kikumi abiri mu bana (124) bokka ku babaka ebina ataano mu omu (451) nga be baakateesa ku bbago lino.[82] Era baategeeza nti okukozesa eryanyi okuva eri amagye ne poliisi mu kaseera ng'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kugenda mu maaso kwali kutyobooa obuwaali okuli 208(2), 209 ne 259 n'obulala mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Ensonga eyookusatu gye baaleeta yali egamba nti ebbago lino lyali lityoboola obuwayiro obulala mu ssemateeka obwekuusa ku kwongezaayo ebisanja[83] wamu n'engeri okulonda gye kulina okukwatibwamu. Omubaka wa Paalamenti omu [Mbwaketamwa Gaffa] yawulirwa ng'agamba, “…Pulezidenri bw'aleeta ebbago, kiyinza okuba mu mateeka, naye tekijja kuba mu mateeka, era tugenda kukiwakanya.”[84]

Abantu bye baayogera ku bbago eppya

Pulezidenti Museveni owa Uganda ng'ayogera mu lukungaana lwa UK-Africa Investment Summit mu London, Gatonnya 2020

Ebitongole ebikuumaddembe mu Uganda okuli poliisi, amagye ga mmiritale, n'ebirala, bikutte ekitono ennyo abantu ataano mu basatu (53) omuli n'akulira oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Kizza Besigye nga beekalakaasa nga bawakanya ebbago ly'okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbira kubwapulezidenti.[85]

Ekibinja kya bannamateeka okuva mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM), nga tebeekutuddeemu baaleeta ekiteeso okuleeta ebbango ly'okukola ennongoosereza okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti okusobola okuwa Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni aliko ekiseera kino okusobola okwesimbawo mu kisanja ekirala mu kalulu akanaabaawo mu mwaka gwa 2021.[86]

Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa okumala emyezi esatu okuva mu mwezi Gwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu kwalaga nti abantu ebitundu kinaana mu bitaano ku buli kikumi (85) kw'abo abeebuuzibwako baawakanya okuggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti ate nga abantu ebitundu kkumi na bitaano ku kikumi (15) obo baawagira ebbago lino ey'okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateekaokusobola okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti.[87]

Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda mu bungi baakuba akalulu era ne bakkiriza okukola ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti kubanga baali baagala Pulezidenti aliko Yoweri Museveni okwesimbawo ekisanja kye ekyomukaaga.[88] Munnamateeka akola ku ddembe ly'obuntu Nicholas Opiyo yagambye nti okuggya ekkomo ku myaka omuntu kw'alina okwesimbirawo ku bwapulezidenti y'engeri esinga omugaso okukuuma olutindo wakati w'obwannakyemalira n'obukulembeze obugoberera enfuga y'amateeka mu Uganda.[89]

Ekisanja ekyomukaaga (2021–)

Nga 16 Gatonnya 2021 akakiiko ky'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira nti Pulezidenti Museveni awangudde ekisanja ekyomukaaga n'obululu ebitundu ataano mu munaana n'obutundutundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi (58.6%). Yaddirirwa Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu, ng'ery'omulimu amanyikiddwa nga Bobi Wine, omukulembeze w'oludda oluvugabya omulala eyagaana okukkiriza ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba nti okulonda kuno kwe kukyasinze okubaamu okucanga ebivudde mu kulonda mu byafaayo bya Uganda.[90] Ebitongole by'obwannakyewa n'abakugu mu nsonga za demokulasiya baakakasa nti okulonda tekwali kwa amazima na bwenkanya.[91] Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kafulumya ebyava mu kulonda oluvannyuma ebyagambibwa kuba ebijungirire. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda kaasuubiza okukolawo okunoonyereza naye okutaakolebwa. Wine yasibibwa mu maka ge nga 15 Gatonnya.[92] Abantunuulizi b'ebyokulonda okwetooloola ensi yonna baasaba wabeerewo okunoonyereza ku kigambibwa nti okulonda kwalimu obutagoberera mateeka okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna, okuggyibwako kw'omutimbagano, okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, era ne kugaana okukkirizibwa. Wine yateebwa nga 26 Gatonnya. Mu Gwekkumi gwa 2022 Museveni yeetondera Kenya ku lwa mutabani we, Muhoozi Kainerugaba eyateeka obubaka ku mukutu gwa tweter ng'agamba nti ayinza okuzingako Kenya mu wiiki bbiri.[93]

Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu

Museveni mukristaayo era mmemba w'ekkanisa y'Abakrisitaayo mu Uganda.

Mufumbo ne ne Janet Kataaha Museveni, née Kainembabazi, gw'alinamu abaana ban:

  • Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba – eyazalibwa mu 1974, Genero mu ggye lya Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) [94] mu UPDF[95]
  • Natasha Karugire – eyazaalibwa mu 1976, munnamisono era eyeebuuzibwako. Yafumbirwa Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi bwa Pulezidenti ow'enkalakkalira ku nsonga z'omu maka ge.[96]
  • Patience Rwabwogo – yazaalibwa mu 1978, ppaasita w'ekkanisa ya Covenant Nations Church, Buziga, Kampala. – eyafumbirwa Odrek Rwabwogo.[97]
  • Diana Kamuntu – eyazaalibwa mu 1980, eyafumbirwa Geoffrey Kamuntu.[98]

Ebitiibwa n'engule

Engule okuva ebweru w'eggwanga

Diguli z'azze efuna naye nga tazisomye

Ssettendekero Eggwanga Ebitiibwa Omwaka
Humphrey School of Public Affairs United States Doctor of Laws 1994
Mbarara University of Science and Technology Uganda Doctor of Laws 2003
Latin University of Theology United States Doctor of Divinity 2007
Fatih University Turkey Honorary degree 2010
Makerere University Uganda Doctor of Laws 2010
University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania Doctor of Literature 2015

Labe ne

 

  • Political parties of Uganda
  • Politics of Uganda
  • Tokyo International Conference on African Development
  • History of Uganda (1979–present)
  • Uganda Salvation Front
  • Henry Tumukunde

Ebijuliziddwa

  1. ↑ https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/12/21/opinion-open-letter-to-president-yoweri-tibuhaburwa-kaguta-museveni/
  2. ↑ https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_9
  3. ↑ https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arbitrary-states-9780198856474?cc=us&lang=en&
  4. ↑ https://chimpreports.com/is-museveni-retiring-in-2026/
  5. ↑ https://www.independent.co.ug/vp-alupo-ministers-endorse-musevenis-2026-candidature/
  6. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=9JKdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18
  7. ↑ http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html
  8. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=nujsAAAAMAAJ
  9. ↑ http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.shtml
  10. ↑ http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/profiles.shtml
  11. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/
  12. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/161322
  13. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times
  14. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian
  15. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times
  16. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times
  17. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20000529093127/http://members.aol.com/apuuli/sapuga.htm
  18. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/30/world/rebel-sworn-in-as-uganda-president.html
  19. ↑ http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/851112/-/ff1ofj/-/index.html
  20. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=-kmTe1XVcW4C&pg=PA415
  21. ↑ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-5-2002_pg3_4
  22. ↑ http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc315.php
  23. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071107113401/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR590011999?open&of=ENG-UGA
  24. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=9v1MnKYHSLoC
  25. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11601101
  26. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12431180
  27. ↑ http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2015/0714/In-Uganda-Museveni-finds-biggest-election-obstacle-in-former-friends
  28. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2022-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  30. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2022-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ↑ https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30916FF385B0C768DDDAF0894DF494D81
  32. ↑ https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all
  33. ↑ https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EED6143FF935A25751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all
  34. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2022-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2022-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ↑ http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1
  37. ↑ http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1646&l=1
  38. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125625/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm
  39. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060209001940/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wwide13.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/13/ixworld.html
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  42. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4371265.stm
  43. ↑ http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/01/a_threat_to_africas_success_story/
  44. ↑ https://mg.co.za/article/2005-07-19-norway-cuts-aid-to-uganda
  45. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch
  46. ↑ http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022
  47. ↑ http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/435022
  48. ↑ http://allafrica.com/stories/200505260253.html
  49. ↑ https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4726419.stm
  50. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters
  51. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Garang-de-Mabior
  52. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4140446.stm
  53. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm
  54. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010811/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1112021/netherlands-cuts-aid-uganda
  55. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010757/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1110723/sweden-cuts-aid
  56. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4165344.stm
  57. ↑ https://pesacheck.org/is-it-true-that-uganda-has-not-held-a-fair-and-transparent-election-in-over-30-years-5d8548d42059
  58. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750040.stm
  59. ↑ http://www.statehouse.go.ug/news.php?catId=1&item=821
  60. ↑ https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda
  61. ↑ http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34224471
  62. ↑ https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516
  63. ↑ https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120746516
  64. ↑ https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-lobbies-uganda-on-anti-gay-bill/article1381835/
  65. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/29/uganda-death-sentence-gay-sex
  66. ↑ https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/
  67. ↑ https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/06/02/uganda-police-arrest-44-people-at-lgbtq-shelter/
  68. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/world/africa/21uganda.html
  69. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-election-idUSTRE71J1XL20110220
  70. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111023201747/http://blogs.reuters.com/africanews/2011/10/21/who-among-the-seven-longest-serving-african-leaders-will-be-deposed-next/
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  73. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025
  74. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025
  75. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13255025
  76. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera
  77. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
  78. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/uganda-homosexuality-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
  79. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ugandans-vote-museveni-seeks-extend-30-year-rule-160218044525608.html
  80. ↑ http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/56518-museveni-assents-to-age-limit-bill.html
  81. ↑ http://citifmonline.com/2017/10/26/ugandan-mps-return-bribes-for-age-limit-bill/
  82. ↑ http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html
  83. ↑ http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html
  84. ↑ http://observer.ug/news/headlines/56455-government-sued-over-age-limit-law.html
  85. ↑ https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048
  86. ↑ https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048
  87. ↑ https://www.dw.com/en/ugandan-police-arrests-dozens-over-presidential-age-limit-protest/a-39767048
  88. ↑ https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/
  89. ↑ https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-mps-voted-scrap-presidential-age-limit/
  90. ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election
  91. ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election
  92. ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/21/uganda-bobi-wine-files-detention-complaint-at-un
  93. ↑ https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/06/africa/museveni-kenya-invasion-apology-intl/index.html
  94. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc
  95. ↑ https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3263/Leaders_in_waiting
  96. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni
  97. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church
  98. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni
  99. ↑ http://www.granma.cu/granmad/2009/11/30/nacional/artic38.html
  100. ↑ https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001432083/uhuru-awards-koome-mugenda-kananu-egh-honours-journalists-get-hsc
  101. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131848/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/recipients/1997.htm

Okwongera okusoma

Ebitabo

  

  • Media related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikimedia Commons
  • Quotations related to Yoweri Museveni at Wikiquote
  • Official website
  • State House Official Website

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