1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum
Akalulu k'amasaza agabula mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1964 kaali kalulu k'ekitundu akategekebwa okusalawo oba "amasaza agabula" aga Buyaga ne Bugangaizi mu Uganda (leero Disitulikiti y'e Kibaale ) galina okugenda mu maaso n'okubeera ekitundu ky'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda, okukyusibwa okudda mu Bwakabaka bwa Bunyoro, oba okuteekebwawo nga disitulikiti ey'enjawulo. Abalonzi ababaddemu abatuuze b’amasaza gombi mu kiseera ky’okwefuga, baakuba akalulu akasukkiridde okuzzibwa e Bunyoro.
Ebyeemabega
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mu 1893–1894, colonel Omungereza (British) Henry Colvile yalumba Obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro mu kaweefube w’okukuuma n’okugaziya Uganda Protectorate eyali etandise okutandika, nga mu kusooka yalimu Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwokka. Colvile yasuubiza Buganda ettaka lyonna eriri mu bukiikaddyo bw’omugga Kafu ng’amuddiza obuwagizi bwabwe, era oluvannyuma lw’obukuubagano amagombolola agakwatibwako ne gakyusibwa mu ngeri entuufu nga bwe kyasuubizibwa,[1][2] ng’okukyusibwa kukkirizibwa mu ndagaano ya Buganda (1900). Wadde nga gavumenti ya Buganda yagezaako mu bugenderevu okugatta omutuuze Banyoro,[1] okuzzaawo ‘amasaza agabula’ kwali kujulira enfunda eziwera okuva mu gavumenti ya Bunyoro eri gavumenti ya Bungereza (British).[2]
N’olwekyo okusika omuguwa okuyinza okubaawo wakati w’Obwakabaka buno bwombi kwali kukyali kweraliikirira nnyo mu kwetegekera obwetwaze wakati mu butabanguko obw’amaanyi.[1][3] Mu 1961, akakiiko ka Uganda Relationships Commission, nga kakulemberwa Earl of Munster, kaaweebwa omulimu gw’okutunula mu nsonga eno. Yaleeta ekiteeso nti akalulu k’ekikungo kateekebwe mu masaza asatu ku agakaayanirwa:[4] Buyaga ne Bugangaizi (amasaza abiri agaasigaza enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’obuwangwa n’amawanga ne Bunyoro) n’essaza ery’okusatu Bunyoro lye yalonda.[5] . [4]Bunyoro yakkiriza okwetaba mu Ttabamiruka singa ensonga ya ‘amasaza agabula’ yali ku nteekateeka; era omuwandiisi w’amatwale ga Bungereza Ian Macleod bwe yawa amagezi nti akalulu akaali kateeseddwa tekuyinza kugenda mu maaso olw’obutaba na buwagizi bwa Buganda, era mu kifo ky’ekyo n’ateesa okussaawo akakiiko akalala aka Privy Councillors, ababaka ba Bunyoro ne bavaayo.[3]
Gavumenti ya Bunyoro teyali musanyufu nnyo olw’okulowoozebwa nti tennakulaakulana. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi, aba Rukurato (Paalamenti y’e Bunyoro) baayisa ekiteeso nti okuva mu ttumbi nga 18 Ogwekkumi baali bagenda kumala kuyisa masaza agaabula nga bwe gadda e Bunyoro, wadde nga kino tekyakola kinene mu nkola.[3]
Akakiiko kano, nga kakulemberwa Lord Molson, kaatuuka mu Uganda nga 8 Ogwolubereberye 1962 ne kawa lipoota eri gavumenti ya Bungereza mu Ogwokusatu 1962.[3] Okufulumya ebizuuliddwa wabula kwalwawo okutuusa ng’okulonda kwa Uganda kwaggwa era ne kasembayo okufulumizibwa mu Gwokutaano.[3][4] teyawagira kutegeka a'kalulu olw’okutya okwongera effujjo.[4] Alipoota eno yasinga kuleeta okusunguwala mu palamenti ya Buganda.[4]
Entandikwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Awatali kabonero konna kalaga kukkiriziganya wakati w’Obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro ne Buganda, ebiragiro by’okusenza okusembayo byalagirwa omuwandiisi w’amatwale ga Bungereza omuggya Reginald Maudling Omungereza (British) era ne biteekebwa mu bifundikwa by’Olukungaana lw’Amatwale ga Uganda olwatuula mu Marlborough House mu Gwomukaaga 1962.[4][6] Nga bwe kyamalirizibwa mu kiragiro kya Uganda (Independence) ekyavaamu, akalulu kaali kagenda kubeera mu Buyaga ne Bugangaizi amagombolola gokka.[7] Abalonzi bandibuuziddwa oba amagombolola gombi galina okusigala nga gali kitundu kya Buganda, okukyusibwa okudda e Bunyoro, oba okuteekebwawo nga disitulikiti ey’enjawulo. Akalulu k’ekikungo tekaasobola kubaawo nga 9 Ogwekkumi 1964 terunnatuuka (kwe kugamba okumala emyaka ebiri oluvannyuma lw’okwefuga). Mu myaka egyo ebiri, amagombolola ago gaali galina kuddukanyizibwa butereevu gavumenti eya wakati.[7] Mu kusoma okw’okubiri okw’etteeka erifuga obwetwaze bwa Uganda, Hugh Fraser yalambika ensonga enkulu eza Gavumenti ya Bungereza Okutegeka akalulu k’ekikungo kyakakasibwa nga bayita mu kuleeta Ebbago ly’etteeka ly’ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya Uganda People’s Congress party (UPC) mu Gwomunaana 1964.[7] Ebbago ly’akalulu k’ekikungo (Buyaga ne Bugangaizi) lyassaawo olunaku nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1964.[8] Era lyakoma ku bannansi abo bokka ababeera mu masaza mu kiseera we beefuga. Kino kyanyiiza gavumenti ya Buganda, eyali emaze 1963 n’okutandika kwa 1964 ng’etandikiddewo enteekateeka y’okusengula abantu (enteekateeka ya Ndaiga) ey’ebbeeyi ey’okunyweza omuwendo gw’Abaganda ababeera e Buyaga.[7][9]
Okuleeta Ebbago lino kwakwatagana n’okusatululwa mu butongole omukago gwa UPC n’ekibiina kya Kabaka Yekka (KY) eky’abakulembeze b’obwakabaka bwa Buganda,[7] era bammemba ba KY abawerako ne bavaayo nga beekalakaasa. Kabaka yennyini, Edward Mutesa II, yali yaakalondebwa Palamenti ya Uganda nga Pulezidenti, era n’agaana okussa omukono ku bbago lino.[7] N’olwekyo enteekateeka endala zakolebwa Ssaabaminisita, Milton Obote, okussa omukono ku bbago lino okufuuka etteeka.[9][8] Enteekateeka z’akalulu k’ekikungo zaali zivunaanibwa gavumenti ya Buganda ne zitawangula; okujulira okusembayo eri akakiiko k’ekiramuzi aka Privy Council e London kwali kukyalina mu kiseera ky’akalulu k’ekikungo.[9]
Ku lw’ebigendererwa by’akalulu kano, Amasaza gano gaayawulibwamu ebifo 72 eby’okulonda.[9]
Alizaati
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Akalulu k’ekikungo kagenda mu maaso nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1964 nga bwe kyali kitegekeddwa. Ebyavaamu byagenda nnyo nga biwagira okuzza amagombolola gombi mu Bwakabaka bwa Bunyoro.[7] E Buyaga, abalonzi 86% baayagala okuddamu okukwatagana ne Bunyoro,[10] nga n’abalonzi 60%[11] oba 70%[10] mu Bugangaizi bwe baakola. Ebbago lya Ssemateeka wa Uganda (Third Amendment) lyayanjulwa mu Palamenti ya Uganda okussa mu nkola ebyavaamu, nga Kabaka azzeemu okugaana okuliteekako omukono mu Gwolubereberye 1965.[7] Nate, Obote yalina okuteekako omukono ne lifuuka etteeka. Ebyavaamu byali bigenda mu maaso n’okuwozesebwa (okutaawangulwa).[7]
Okufiirwa amasaza gombi kyakendeeza ku muwendo gw’abaami be saza (county) babiri, era nga kye kiva kiziyiza emikisa gy’okuyambibwa mu Buganda. Era kyakendeeza ku musingi gw’omusolo ebitundu 3–4%.[7] Ebyava mu kalulu k’ekikungo byafuna effujjo lingi mu Buganda. Enfuga mu Buganda nga ekulemberwa Katikkiro Michael Kintu, yafiirwa akalulu k’okuggya obwesige era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwekkuminoogumu.[7][9]
Ebijuliziddwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- 1 2 3 Green, Elliott D. (September 2008). "Understanding the Limits to Ethnic Change: Lessons from Uganda's "Lost Counties"". Perspectives on Politics. 6 (3): 473–485. doi:10.1017/s1537592708081231. ISSN 1541-0986. S2CID 59016435.
- 1 2 Adhola, Yoga (8 August 2012). "Background to the Lost Counties crisis". Daily Monitor (in British English). Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Dumbar, A. R. (1965). "A History of Bunyoro-Kitara" (PDF). Oxford University Press. pp. 189–193. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wright, Ian Michael (30 September 1962). "Letter to the Institute of Current World Affairs" (PDF). Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ↑ FitzClarence, Geoffrey William Richard Hugh (1961). Report of the Uganda Relationships Commission. p. 91.
[Bunyoro] can claim clear majorities of her people in Buyaga and Bugangazzi, the two counties lying nearest to Lake Albert. In the other counties there is now a great majority of Baganda... We therefore recommend that there should be a referendum in the two counties where the strength of Bunyoro's claims is unquestionable, and we are inclined to suggest that it should extend to one more county to be chosen by Bunyoro... [This] would put her claims to the test in a county where the figures appear to be against her so that Bunyoro would have no grievance in future based upon unqualified success in a strictly limited referendum.
- ↑ Onek C. Adyanga (25 May 2011). Modes of British Imperial Control of Africa: A Case Study of Uganda, c.1890-1990. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4438-3035-5.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jørgensen, Jan Jelmert (1981). Uganda: a modern history. Taylor & Francis. pp. 200, 219–221. ISBN 978-0-85664-643-0.
- 1 2 Baganchwera-Barungi (2011). Parliamentary Democracy in Uganda: The Experiment That Failed. AuthorHouse. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-1-4567-3591-3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Lubega, Henry (9 November 2014). "What transpired during the referendum on lost counties". Daily Monitor (in British English). Retrieved 13 June 2017.Lubega, Henry (9 November 2014). "What transpired during the referendum on lost counties". Daily Monitor (in British English). Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- 1 2 Peterson, Derek R. (2015). "Violence and Political Advocacy in the Lost Counties, Western Uganda, 1930-64". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 48 (1): 69–72. ISSN 0361-7882. JSTOR 44715384.
- ↑ Hancock, Ian (1 April 1970). "The Buganda Crisis of 1964". African Affairs (in Lungereza). 69 (275): 109–123. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095989. ISSN 0001-9909.