Adungu
Adungu, era eyitibwa Endongo oba Ennanga oba Bow harp mu Lungereza, kivuga ky'abuwangwa eky'enkoba eky'’Abacholi mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda n'’Abaluru mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Y'ennanga eriko enkonda ey’obunene obw’enjawulo,ng'elina enkoba okuva ku mukaaga okutuuka ku kkumi oba okusingawo. [1] [2]
Engeri gy'erabikamu ne bwekolebwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Enkola y’ennanga ekika kya adungu (ennanga y’Afirika) esibukira ddala mu nsibuko y’Afirika ey'enjawulo. [3]
Adungu eno emanyiddwa olw’engeri gye yakolebwamu ey’enjawulo eriko ebikondo, ng’erina omubiri gw’embaawo ogulimu ebituli nga gubikkiddwako amaliba g’ente ng’ekipande ky’amaloboozi . [4] Enkoba za nayilooni eziyita mu boodi y'amaloboozi okutuuka ku peegi ezityuninga ennanga eno eziteekeddwa mu ttabi oba fuleemu ey’embaawo. [4] Ekivuga kino kijja mu sayizi ez’enjawulo, okuva ku bivuga ebitono ebikubibwa okumpi n’omubiri okutuuka ku adungu ennene eya beesi eno ng'omusunyi waayo agikuba atudde. [5] Okuzimba kw'ekivuga kino kulimu ensengeka y’enkoba munaana eziyungiddwa munda mu kibaawo ekikubiddwamu ebituli nga kibikiddwako eddiba ly'ensolo kungulu. [5] Ebivuga ebinene ebya adungu bimanyiddwa olw’okukola eddoboozi egagga ennyo, erya bass erikola omusingi gw’ebivuga ebikubibwa ebibiina by’ennyimba z’ennono ebya Uganda. [6]
Amakulu n'ennono y’ekivuga kino n'obuwangwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Adungu ddoboozi lya nnanga eririna amakulu amangi mu by’obuwangwa mu bantu aboogera olulimi Olunilo-Saharan mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Uganda. [7] Ekivuga kino kyafuuka kya ggwanga lyonna mu kiseera eky’obutabanguko mu by'obufuzi ekyatandika mu myaka gya 1960 bwe batandika okugiyigiriza abaana b'amasomero n’ebivuga ebirala eby’ennono okwetoloola Uganda ng’omu ku kaweefube w’okukuuma obuwangwa. [7]
Endabika y'ekivuga kya adungu eva mu nsibuko ey’enjawulo ey’Afirika era ekiikirira ennono y’ennyimba z'obuwangwa ez'ebyasa mu bantu b’e Alur ne Acholi. [8] Embu z'abantu az’enjawulo zilina amannya gaabwe ag’ebivuga ebifaanagana: mu kitundu ky’e Teso, kiyitibwa Adungu, ate Abaganda bakiyita Ennanga. [9]
Enkola y’omuziki emanyiddwa ennyo nga adungu music ennaku zino, etyuningibwa mu maloboozi omusanvu amakulu agagobelerwa mu kuyimba agayitibwa diatonic major scale y’ennyimba z’Abazungu eza classic era nga zirina akakwate ku kukubeerawo kw’Abangereza mu Uganda. [3] Mu nnono Adungu egerageranyizibwa ku pentatonic scale mu buwangwa bwombi obwa Acholi ne Alur. A'dungu eyinza okukubibwa yokka, mu kibiina, oba ng'ewerekerwako ennyimba z'amaliboozi. Ekivuga kino kirabika mu sayizi ez’enjawulo era nga zikubibwa mu maloboozi ag'enjawulo omuli soprano, alto, tenor, ne bass. [10]
Obukodyo bw’okugityuninga n’okugisuna
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Ebivuga bya adungu bitera okutyuningibwa mu maloboozi amakulu musanvu agagobelerwa mu kuyimba, ekisobozesa okukuba ennyimba z’ennono n'ennyimba endala enjiiye ezisingako obuzibu. [4] Okutyuninga kuno kufunibwa okuva mu misumaali eminene ne peegi ebinyweza n’okutereeza okusika kw’enkoba zaayo. [11] Enkola eno ey’okutyuninga, wadde nga nnungi, oluusi eleetawo okusoomoozebwa eri abayimbi abatambula n’ekivuga olw’endabika n'empanga y’emisumaali eminene egyikozesebwa mu kutyuninga. [11]
Engeri y'okusunamu ekyukakyuka okusinziira ku bunene bw’ekivuga. Adungu entonotono zikwatibwa okumpi n’omubiri nga zisunibwa n’emikono gyombi, ate ebivuga ebinene ebya bass omusunyi alina kutuula wansi okusobola okugisuna n’amaanyi amangi olw’amaloboozi amazito, agawulikika. [5]
Adungu zitera okuzannyibwa mu bitundu bina oba mu bibinja ebitaano. Enkoba za bass adungu zityuningibwa mu maloboozi ag'ekika kya tonic triad, era notisi ezimu zikubibwa nga oteeka engalo ku lukoba ewala okuva mu bulago bwa adungu eno okusitula eddoboozi. Amaloboozi omuli Tenor, alto, ne soprano gatyuningibwa okusinzira ku malobooz agagobererwa mu kuyimba amaloboozi gano. Ebivuga bya bass ne tenor bikubirwa ku ttaka, ate alto ne soprano bikubiddwa nga bikubiddwa ku kifuba. [10]
Okutyuninga tekulina mutindo gugobelerwa, era abakubi babyo batera okutyuningira ku matu buli omu ku munne nga wabulayo akaseera katono okuzannya ebivuga bino. Adungu teziri mu kisumuluzo ekimu, era tonality esobola okukyusibwa okusinziira ku bayimbi bye baagala. [10]
Okutwalira awamu adungu tekozesebwa mu ngeri ey'amaloboozi ag'awamu (melodically) wabula ekozesebwa mu koodi . Okutwalira awamu, nooti emu ekubiddwa omulundi gumu ku bivuga bya bass ne tenor, ate adungu za alto ne soprano zikozesebwa okukuba triads . Mu kukuba nooti ez'ekika kya arpeggiation ewa entambula ya koodi ez'amaanyi, oluusi nooti ez'okumukumu. [10]
Abayimbi ab'omulembe abakuguse mu adungu kuliko omuyimbi enzaalwa ya Uganda James Makubuya [12] [13] n'omuyimbi Omumerika Crystal Bright . [14]
Ebijuliziddwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/27/movies/pop-and-jazz-guide-557617.html
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/08/arts/music/wu-man-a-pipa-player-in-search-of-the-common-chord.html
- 1 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=MZJMlaisYmwC&pg=PA200 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 https://trillionlooks.store/product/adungu/ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "trillion-store" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 https://www.singingwells.org/instruments/adungu/ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "singing-wells" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ https://higherplainmusic.com/2021/10/20/unusual-instruments-adungu/
- 1 2 https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/2959
- ↑ https://seguyasadam.bandcamp.com/merch/solo-adungu
- ↑ https://ugandasafaristours.com/uncategorized/ugandas-traditional-musical-instruments.html
- 1 2 3 4 https://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/congo%20drc/adungu.html Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 https://www.amis.org/post/the-janzi-a-new-instrument-inspired-by-the-ugandan-adungu
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/27/movies/pop-and-jazz-guide-557617.html
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/08/arts/music/wu-man-a-pipa-player-in-search-of-the-common-chord.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20121027071201/http://www.shufflemag.com/crystal-bright-and-the-silver-hands-announce-new-album-muses-and-bones/