Ali Mazrui, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo
| Ekikula | musajja |
|---|---|
| Ensi y’obutuuze | Kenya |
| Erinnya eriweereddwa | Ali |
| Erinnya lya famire | Mazrui |
| Yazaalibwa nga | 24 Gwakubiri (Mukutulansanja) 1933 |
| Gy'azaalwa | Mombasa |
| Olunaku lwe yafa | 12 Gwakkumi(Mukulukusabitungotungo) 2014 |
| Place of death | Vestal |
| Ennimi z'amanyi | Lungereza, Oluswayiri |
| Writing language | Oluswayiri |
| Omulimu | geopolitical analyst, philosopher, writer, Africanist, historian |
| Omukozesa | Harvard University, Binghamton University, University of Michigan |
| Gyeyasomera | University of Manchester, Nuffield College, Columbia University |
| Affiliation string | Institute of Global Cultural Studies |
| Ediini | Islam |
| Yeetabye mu | World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2004 |
| Magnum opus | História geral da África VIII: África desde 1935 |
| Mmemba wa | The World Academy of Sciences |
| Awaadi z'afunye | Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences, Distinguished Africanist Award, Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo |
| Has written for | Zuka |
Ali Al'amin Mazrui (24 Ogwokubiri 1933 – 12 Ogwekkumi 2014), yali muyivu, pulofeesa, era omuwandiisi w'ebyobufuzi mu Amerika enzaalwa y'e Kenya ku Afirika n'omusomo gw'Obusiraamu, n'enkolagana y'obukiikakkono n'obugwanjuba. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Mombasa mu Kenya . Ebifo bye mwalimu eky'akulira ekitongole ekikola ku by’obuwangwa mu nsi yonna mu Ssettendekero ya Binghamton e Binghamton, New York, n'Akulira ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku by’obuwangwa n’Abamerika n’Abafirika mu Ssettendekero wa Michigan . [1] [2] Yateekateeka omuzannyo gw'ebiwandiiko ogwalagibwa ku ntimbe za ttivvi mu myaka gya 1980 ogwa The Africans: A Triple Heritage .
Obulamu bwe obwasooka
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwokubiri 1933 mu kibuga Mombasa mu ttwale ly'e Kenya . [3] Yali mutabani wa Al-Amin Bin Ali Mazrui, Omulamuzi Omukulu w’Obusiraamu (Qadi) mu kkooti za Kadhi mu nga Kenya ekyatwalibwa Abangereza. Kitaawe era yali musomi era muwandiisi, era ekimu ku bitabo bye kivvuunuddwa mu Lungereza omusajja Hamza Yusuf nga The Content of Character (2004), Ali kye yawa ennyanjula. Famire ya Mazrui yali ava mu maka magagga mu byafaayo era ag'omugaso mu Kenya, nga emabegako baali bafuzi b’e Mombasa. Taata wa Ali yali mukungu wa Qadi e Kenya, omukungu asinga ku mateeka g’Obusiraamu. Mazrui yasiima kitaawe olw’okumussaamu okwagala okukubaganya ebirowoozo mu by’amagezi, kuba kitaawe teyakoma ku kwetaba mu misango gya kkooti wabula era yali muwandiisi wa bitabo omututumufu era nga mukubaganya wa birowoozo mu lujjudde. Mazrui, okuva mu buto, yagendanga ne kitaawe mu kkooti n’awuliriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo kwe okw’ebyobufuzi n’empisa. [4] Mazrui yasooka kwagala kugoberera kkubo lya kitaawe ng'Omusiraamu n'okugenda mu maaso n'okusoma kwe mu Ssettendekero lya Al-Azhar mu Misiri . [5] Olw'okukola obubi mu bigezo bya Cambridge School Certificate mu 1949, Mazrui yagaanibwa okuyingira mu Makerere College (kati Ssettendekero Makerere ), ettendekero lyokka ery'awaggulu mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekiseera ekyo. Oluvannyuma yakolera mu ttendekero ly’ebyenjigiriza ly’Abasiraamu erya Mombasa (kati Technical University of Mombasa ). [5]
Okusoma kwe
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui yasomera pulayimale e Mombasa, gye yayigira Olungereza mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okwetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo mu butongole, nga tannakyusa kitone mu kuwandiika. Okusoma eby'amawulire okusinziira ku Mazrui, lye kkubo lye yasooka okukwata. Ng’oggyeeko Olungereza, Mazrui yali ayogera n’Oluswayiri n’Oluwarabu. [6] Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna sikaala ya Gavumenti ya Kenya, [5] Mazrui yayongera okusoma era n'afuna diguli ye mu byenfuna n'okuyitira waggulu okuva mu Ssettendekero ly'e Manchester e Bungereza mu 1960, MA okuva mu Ssettendekero ya Columbia e New York mu 1961, ne ddiguli ey'okusatu ( DPhil ) okuva mu ssettendekero lya Oxford ( Nuffield College ) mu 1966. [7] Yakwatibwako ebirowoozo bya Kwame Nkrumah eby'okwagala Africa n'okugigatta eky'esigamizibwako okukubaganya ebirowoozo kwe ku "Africa's triple heritage" (Africanity, Islam and Christianity ). [5]
Emirimu mu kusoma kwe
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui yatandikira okusoma kwe mu Ssettendekero lya Makerere mu Uganda, gye yali aloota okusomera okuva mu buto bwe. [4] E Makerere, Mazrui yaweereza nga pulofeesa mu byobufuzi, era n'atandika okusiimibwa mu nsi yonna. Mazrui yawulira ng’emyaka gye yamala e Makerere gye gimu ku gisinga obukulu era egyavaamu ebibala mu bulamu bwe. Yategeeza omuwandiisi w'obulamu bwe kino mu 1967, bwe yafulumya ebitabo bisatu, gwe mwaka gwe yali alangirira eri ensi y'abayivu "nti nateekateeka okubeera omuyiiya ennyo – mu bulungi oba mu bubi!" Mu kiseera kye yamala e Makerere, Mazrui era yakubiriza pulojekiti ya World Order Models Project mu kitongole kya Ssayansi w’ebyobufuzi, pulojekiti eyagatta bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi okuva mu nsi yonna okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku kkubo ly’ensi yonna erigenda okuleeta emirembe gy'olubeerera okwetoloola ensi yonna.[8]
Mazrui yafumiitiriza nti yawulira ng'awalirizibwa okuva mu Ssettendekero ly’e Makerere. [9] Okugenda kwe kirabika kyava ku kwagala kwe okusigala ng’atalina ludda lw’asoma mu maaso g’okunyigirizibwa okugatta ekitiibwa kye ekyeyongera ng’omulowooza w’ebyobufuzi ku kimu ku biwayi by’omu kitundu. Okusaba kwe okwasooka kwava eri John Okello, omukulembeze w’enkyukakyuka ya Zanzibar, eyajja ewa Mazrui mu 1968 okumusaba okwegatta ku nsonga ze. Okello yasooka kugezaako kumatiza Mazrui afuuke omuwabuzi we ate oluvannyuma okusaba kwe n'akussa mu bwandiike mu ssemateeka wa Zanzibar. Mazrui yategeeza Okello nti, wadde nga yali ayagala nnyo okusaasira ensonga eno, kyandibadde kutyoboola mulimu gwe n'empisa nga pulofeesa ate omuyivu okwegatta ku nteekateeka y’ebyobufuzi. Ekintu kino ekyaliwo kyalaga omutindo ogw’ekitiibwa mu nsi yonna Mazrui gwe yali amaze okukung’aanya. Okello yali amunoonyezza mu ngeri ey’enjawulo kubanga yali amanyi era ng’atwala erinnya lya Ali ng’omugezigezi alwanyisa obwakabaka. [10]
Oluvannyuma Mazrui yatuukirirwa Idi Amin eyali pulezidenti wa Uganda bwe yali anaatera okwabulira Makerere. Amin okusinziira ku Mazrui yali ayagala afuuke omuwabuzi we ow’enjawulo. Mazrui yagaana okuyitibwa kuno, olw’okutya nti ayinza obutaba na bukuumi bumala, era mu kukola ekyo yafiirwa ekifo kye eky’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kino kirabika kye kyamuwaliriza okwabulira Makerere. [11] Mazrui yatera okugamba nti yandiyagadde okuddayo mu Uganda, kyokka n’alaga enkolagana ye ne gavumenti ya Uganda eyali etabuse, wamu n’obutabeera na mukwano eri munnabyabufuzi mu Kenya ng’ensonga ezimukuumira wala. [12]
Mu 1974, Mazrui yapangisibwa okuba pulofeesa wa ssaayansi w’ebyobufuzi mu Ssettendekero lya Michigan . Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Michigan, Mazrui era yalina obwa pulofeesa mu Ssettendekero lya Jos mu Nigeria. Yagamba nti okumala ebiseera ng’asomesa n’okubeera ekitundu ku mboozi mu Afrika kikulu obutafiirwa kutegeera kwe ku ndowooza ya Afirika. Okuva mu 1978 okutuuka mu 1981 Mazrui yaweereza ng'akulira ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku Bafirika Abamerika n'amasomo g'Africa mu Ssettendekero y’e Michigan. Wadde nga yalina ekiseera ekisirifu mu ntebe, okubeerawo kwe eyo kwali kukulu olw’ensonga bbiri. Esooka, yali ndowooza ye ey’omu makkati nti Omufirika Omumerika n’enkolagana y’Afirika yalina okunywezebwa. Yali alowooza nti ekkubo ery’okulongoosa Afrika kwe kusomesa Abafirika Abamerika mu by'obufuzi by’ensi yonna n’okunyweza enkolagana yaabwe ne Afrika, ebintu byonna ebiyinza okuba wansi w’obuyinza bwa CAAS. Wabula era yalabika ng’abuusabuusa obusobozi bwa pulogulaamu nga CAAS okutuukiriza ekintu kyonna. Mu myaka gye egyasooka mu Ssettendekero y'e Michigan yanenya pulogulaamu ng'ezo ng'agamba nti, mu kwanukula okulwanirira abaddugavu, "amatendekero agamu gaakatandikawo pulogulaamu y'okusoma abaddugavu ng'erina ekika ky'okunyooma eby'obufuzi kye nnasanga nga kizibu nnyo okwegomba, okugamba nti." [13]
Mazrui yasomesa mu Ssettendekero y’e Michigan okutuusa mu 1989, lwe yafuna oluwummula lw’emyaka ebiri n’akkiriza obwa pulofeesa bwa Albert Schweitzer mu SUNY Binghamton . Okuva kwa Mazrui okuva mu Yunivasite y’e Michigan tekyalimu bintu bitono okusinga okugenda e Makerere. Mazrui yalangirira okulekulira kwe okuva mu Ssettendekero y’e Michigan nga 29 Ogwokutaano 1991. Okutuuka ku ssa lino, waaliwo olutalo lw’okutunda olwali lumanyiddwa ennyo wakati wa Ssettendekero y’e Michigan ne SUNY. Kigambibwa nti SUNY yawa Mazrui ssente za doola 500,000 nga kuliko omusaala gwa ddoola 105,000 (bw’ogeraageranya n’omusaala gwe ogwa ddoola 71,500 mu Ssettendekero y’e Michigan) wamu n’ensimbi za bapulofeesa basatu Mazrui be yalonda, abayambi basatu abamaze diguli, omuwandiisi, n’entambula. [14] Kigambibwa nti Ssettendekero y’e Michigan yakwatagana n’okuwaayo kuno, naye Mazrui yasalawo nti kyali kitono nnyo ate nga kikeerezi nnyo. Yategeeza nti yali tamatiziddwa olw’okwewaayo kwa Ssettendekero y’e Michigan okusoma ssaayansi w’ebyobufuzi mu mawanga agakyakula. Ye ne Gavana Mario Cuomo okuva e New York ne Gavana James Blanchard okuva e Michigan baakubira Mazrui amasimu mu buntu okumumatiza okulonda Ssettendekero mu masaza gaabwe. Omukwano guno gwonna gwaleeta ebibuuzo ku bintu nga kw’otadde n’obukulu bwa bapulofeesa ba zi Ssettendekero. [15]
Okuvaawo kwe era kwaleeta emboozi ku njawulo mu mawanga mu Ssettendekero y’e Michigan; emboozi gye teyali kitundu kinene okumala emyaka kkumi n’etaano bwe yali ku ttendekero ly’e Michigan. Wadde nga Ssettendekero y’e Michigan yafuba okusigaza Ali Mazrui, James Duderstadt, pulezidenti wa Ssettendekero mu kiseera ekyo, yavumirira nnyo olw’obutakola kimala mu kusigaza pulofeesa Omuddugavu ow’ekitiibwa. Mazrui yali yapangisibwa mu 1974, ate nga Ssettendekero eno evumibwa nnyo naddala okuva mu kibiina eky'okubiri ekya Black Action Movement, olw’obutatuukiriza bisuubizo byayo eby’enjawulo mu kibiina ky'abayizi ne m'amasomero. Okwawukana ku ekyo, Duderstadt yagamba nti, mu 1989, Ssettendekero yali ekola omulimu omulungi ennyo ogw’okukyusakyusa ebintu eby’enjawulo. Baali bongeddeko abasomesa abatono 45 omwaka ogwo, ng'abasinga 13 okusinga omwaka oguwedde era College of Literature, Science ne Arts yali erabye "okuwandiika abantu abatono nga kweyongera nnyo." [16] Ne bwe kyali kikyaliwo okweraliikirira nti Ssettendekero yali etunuulidde okuyingiza abantu batono bokka, so si kubeesigamako. [17] [18] [19]
Okulondebwa kwe
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Ng’oggyeeko okulondebwa kwe nga Pulofeesa wa Albert Schweitzer mu masomo g'obwoleke, Pulofeesa mu ssaayansi w'ebyobufuzi, Amasomo ku Africa, Obufirosofa, okutaputa obwangwa bwa Africa, n'okukulira ekitongole ky'okusoma eby'obuwanga(IGCS), Mazrui era yalina okulondebwa kw’abasomesa emirundi esatu mu kiseera kye kimu nga Pulofeesa w'a,asomo g'obwoleke mu Albert Luthuli mu Ssettendekero ya Jos e Nigeria, Andrew D. Pulofeesa Omuzungu Professor era omubuulizi omuwummuze nga mukugu omukulu mu masomo g'African mu Ssettendekero ya Cornell, Ithaca, New York era Akulira Ssettendekero wa Jomo Kenyatta ow'ebyobulimu n'obulunzi n'ebya Tekinologiya, Nairobi, Kenya . Mu 1999, Mazrui yawummula nga Pulofeesa wa Walter Rodney eyasooka mu Ssettendekero y’e Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana . Mazrui era yali mukenkufu mu Ssettendekero ya Stanford, Ssettendekero wa Chicago, Ssettendekero ya Colgate, Ssettendekero wa McGill, Ssettendekero w'eggwanga lya Singapore, Ssettendekero wa Oxford, Ssettendekero wa Harvard, Bridgewater State College, Ssettendekero ly'essaza lya Ohio, ne mu matendekero amalala mu Cairo, Australia, Leeds, Nairobi, Teheran, Denver, London, Baghdad, ne Sussex, n'amalala. Mu mwaka gwa 2005, Ali Mazrui yalondebwa mu kifo kya 73 mu nsi yonna mu bantu 100 abasinga amagezi okusinziira ku katabo ka Prospect Magazine ( UK ) ne Foreign Policy ( United States ). [20]
Endowooza z’omu makkati
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Obusika bwa Afrika obw'emirundi esatu
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Ekintu ekyamusikiriza okukola omuzannyo gwe ogw’ebiwandiiko The Africans: A Triple Heritage yali ndowooza ye nti ekitundu ekinene ekya Afrika ey’omulembe guno kiyinza okunnyonnyolwa olw’ebintu ebikulu ebisatu ebigikwatako:
- omukululo gw’amatwale n’obwannakyemalira ogw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba, .
- Enzikiriza y’Obusiraamu obw’omwoyo n’obuwangwa obusaasaana okuva ebuvanjuba, era
- Omukululo gwa Africa yennyini nnansangwa.
Enjawukana eziri mu Afrika
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui yali alowooza nti waliwo enjawukana mukaaga enkulu mu kutegeera Afrika:
- Afirika ye yali enzaalwa y’abantu, naye ye ssemazinga asembayo (ng’oggyeeko Antarctica) okufuulibwa ow’okubeeramu mu ngeri ey’omulembe guno.
- Wadde ng’Abafirika si be basinga okuvvolebwa mu byafaayo eby’omulembe guno, be basinga okuyisibwamu amaaso.
- Africa y’esinga okwawukana ku mawanga g’obugwanjuba mu buwangwa, naye egenda efuuka ey’amawanga g’obugwanjuba mangu nnyo.
- Afirika erina obugagga obw’obutonde obuyitiridde, naye abantu baayo baavu nnyo.
- Afirika nnene nnyo, naye yeetemyetemyemu nnyo.
- Afrika eri wakati mu kutondebwa, naye mu by'obufuzi eri ku mabbali. [4]
Ekizibu bya Afrika olw'okuyimirira ku balala
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui yagamba nti, kasita Afrika esigala nga yeesigamye ku nsi ezaakulaakulana, tewali nkolagana wakati w’ensi ezaakulaakulana ne Afrika yandibadde ya mugaso eri Afrika. Mu mbeera y'okutabuka wakati wa Amerika ne USSR (Russia), Mazrui yagamba nti: "Enjovu bwe zirwana, omuddo gwe gubonaabona. Kyokka enjovu bwe zikola omukwano, era omuddo gwe gubonaabona." [21]
Eky'obugagga ekisinga obunene mu Afrika
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui yali alowooza nti eky’obugagga ekisinga obunene Afirika kye yalina be bantu baayo. Okusingira ddala, yasonga ku Bafirika Abamerika, n’agamba nti balina okujjukira obusika bwabwe obw’Afirika n’okunoonya engeri gye bayinza okukozesaamu obuyinza bwabwe ku nkola ya Amerika ey’ensonga z’ebweru singa Afrika eba esuubira okulinnya okuva mu kifo kyayo eky’oku mabbali. Ali yannyonnyola mukwano gwe, Dr Kipyego Cheluget, nti obwa pulofeesa bwe obw’awamu mu Michigan ne Jos yali kaweefube we okubeera ekitundu ku kakwate ng’ako. [22]
Ebibiina by’abakugu
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Ng’oggyeeko okulondebwa mu by’ensoma, Mazrui era yaliko pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekinoonyereza ku by’obufuzi ekya African Studies Association (USA) n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta ssaayansi w’ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna era abaddeko omuwabuzi ow’enjawulo mu Banka y’ensi yonna . Abaddeko ne ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa American Muslim Council, Washington, DC
Emirimu
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mazrui bye yanoonyerezaako mwalimu eby'obufuzi bya Afrika, obuwangwa bw’ebyobufuzi bw’ensi yonna, Obusiraamu obw’ebyobufuzi n’enkolagana y’obukiikakkono n’obugwanjuba. Ye muwandiisi oba omuwandiisi omulala ow’ebitabo ebisoba mu makumi abiri. Mazrui era afulumya ebikumi n’ebikumi by'ebiwandiiko ebikulu ebikwata ku masomero ne mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’olukale. Era yaliko ku lukiiko olufuzi olw'akatabo k’abayivu ak’ensi yonna ezisoba mu makumi abiri. Mazrui yeebuuzibwangako nnyo abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Gavumenti, emikutu gy’amawulire egy’ensi yonna n’ebitongole ebinoonyereza ku bukodyo bw’ebyobufuzi n’ebirowoozo ebirala.
Yasooka kulinnya mu kitiibwa ng’omuvumirira ezimu ku nkola ezikkirizibwa ez’abagezigezi mu Afrika mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970. Yali avumirira enfuga ya Africa eya naakalyako ani n'ebika byonna ebya Marxism . Yagamba nti enkola ya Nnaakalyako ani kyali kintu kya mawanga g’obugwanjuba ekiyingizibwa mu ggwanga nga tekisaanira mbeera ya Afirika ng’okugezaako kw’amatwale okwasooka okuteekawo gavumenti ez’ekika ky’Abazungu. Yagamba nti enkola ey'eddembe erongooseddwamu esobola okuyamba ssemazinga ono era ne yeeyogerako ng'omuwagizi w'endowooza ey'enjawulo ey'obufuzi bwa Afrika obw'eddembe .
Mu kiseera kye kimu yali avumirira nnyo enteekateeka y’ensi eriwo kati. Yali alowooza nti enkola sitakange eriwo kati yali ekozesa nnyo Afirika, era nti amawanga g’obugwanjuba tegatera kutuukana na ndowooza zaabwe ez’eddembe era nga gasobola okunnyonnyolwa ku nkola y'ekikabbulumu nsi yonna . Yawakanya enkola z’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuyingira mu nsi ezikyakula, gamba ng’olutalo lw’e Iraq . Era aludde ng’awakanya enkola nnyingi eza Yisirayiri, ng’omu ku baasoose okugezaako okukwataganya engeri Abapalestina gye bayisibwamu n’obusosoze mu ggwanga lya South Afrika . [23]
Naddala mu myaka egiyise, Mazrui yafuuka omunnyonnyozi omumanyifu ku Busiraamu n’Obusiraamu . Nga bw’agaana effujjo n’obutujju Mazrui yatendereza ezimu ku ndowooza ezirwanyisa obwakabaka ezikola ekinene mu nkola y’Obusiraamu ey’omulembe guno. Era yagamba, mu ngeri ey’okusika omuguwa, nti amateeka ga sharia tegakwatagana na demokulasiya. [24]
Ng’oggyeeko emirimu gye egy’okuwandiika, Mazrui era yali mutonzi w’omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogwa The Africans: A Triple Heritage, ogwakolebwa wamu ekitongole kya BBC ne Public Broadcasting Service (WETA, Washington) nga bakolagana n’ekitongole kya Ttivvi mu Nigeria, era nga kyaweebwa ensimbi okuva mu pulojekiti ya Annenberg/CPB. Ekitabo ekirina omutwe gwe gumu kyafulumizibwa wamu ekitongole kya BBC Publications ne Little, Brown ne Kkampuni mu 1986.
Okusika omuguwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]The Africans byali bitundutundu ebiroko enkaayana eri abamu. Mu Bungereza gye yafulumira ku mukutu gwa BBC, yaseerera ekitono oba ekinene wansi w'eddaala. Kyokka mu Amerika gye yafulumira ku mikutu gya PBS egimu, The Africans yafuna okwekenneenya okunene olw’okugambibwa nti yali ewakanya amawanga g’Obugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku bavumirira, The Africans ebizibu bya Afrika bingi nnyo ebiteeka ku bikolwa ebibi ebya Bulaaya ne Amerika, era okunenya okusinga kwava ku kulaga Muammar Gaddafi ng’omukulembeze ow’empisa ennungi.
Omuntu eyasinga okuvumirira ebiwandiiko bino ye Lynne Cheney, mu kiseera ekyo eyali ssentebe w’ekitongole kya National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Kino kyali kitadde ddoola 600,000 okusasula The Africans era Cheney yawulira nti Mazrui yali tanyweredde ku bukwakkulizo 'endowment' bwe yali ewadde ssente zino. Cheney agamba nti yasuubizibwa okubuuzibwa abantu ab’enjawulo nga balaga enjuyi ez’enjawulo mu mboozi eno, era yasunguwala nnyo bwe yali abuuzibwa ku pulogulaamu eno. Cheney yasaba erinnya n’akabonero ka NEH biggyibweko. Era yalina ebigambo "okwogerako" ebyayongerwa ku nkyusa y'Amerika ey'omuzannyo guno, wamu n'ebiwandiiko bya Mazrui.
Mu kwewozaako ku muzannyo guno n'ebigambibwa nti gwali gusosola, Mazrui yakola ekigambo kino: "Nnayitibwa PBS ne BBC okubuulira abantu b'Abamerika n'Abangereza ku bantu ba Afirika, endowooza okuva munda. Nneewuunya, n'olwekyo, nti abantu bennyamivu obutafuna ndowooza ya Amerika. Kaweefube yakolebwa okubeera ow'obwenkanya naye nga si kuwulikika ng'esikiriza eri Abamerika." Ward Chamberlain, pulezidenti w'omuzannyo guno n'omuyambi w'omuteesiteesi waagwo WETA, naye yayingirawo okulwanirira omuzannyo guno mu lujjudde ne Mazrui ng’agamba nti, mu kunyumya ebyafaayo mu bwenkanya, ensi y’amawanga g’obugwanjuba tesaana kusuubirwa kuvaayo ng’erabika bulungi okusinziira ku ndowooza y’Afirika. [11] [25] [26]
Enkaayana endala mu by’ensoma
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Obumanyirivu bwe ng’omuntu yalina enkaayana mu ssemazinga bbiri. Bwe yali yeetooloddwa okusika omuguwa mu Ssettendekero ly’e Michigan (yalumiriza nti alwanyisa Abayudaaya, ng’alwanyisa Amerika, era okutwalira awamu omukambwe) yawandiikira banne Abafirika ng’agamba nti okukubaganya ebirowoozo kwali kusigadde mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa ey’obwannakyewa era ey’abayivu. [27] Ate mu Jos, ebintu byabuguma nnyo ne kiba nti abasomesa ba yunivasite lumu baafulumya ekipapula ekitiisatiisa okubonereza abantu abavumirira Mazrui "mu ngeri y'okukuba ebikonde". Ekyewuunyisa, omuvvoola yali musosodooti ng’alumiriza Mazrui okuba omufuzi wa bwannakyemalira ekisusse olw’okwetaba mu nteeseganya z’amawanga g’obugwanjuba. [28]
Yisirayiri ne Palestina
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Oboolyawo omuliro Mazrui gwe yasinga okukwata mu kiseera kye yamala mu Ssettendekero y’e Michigan gwali mu kwanukula endowooza ze ku lutalo lwa Yisirayiri ne Palestina . Mazrui yali muwagizi wa Palestina wa lwatu era okusinga ekyo, yali avumirira nnyo eggwanga lya Yisirayiri. Mazrui yakola ensonga nti Yisirayiri n’ekibiina ky’Abaziyoni beeyisa mu ngeri ya bwannakyemalira era nti baakozesa enzikiriza zaabwe eza Baibuli n’ebintu ebyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okuttibwa kw’abantu olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi. Yatuuka n'okuyita gavumenti ya Yisirayiri "omufasisiti." mu nneeyisa yaayo. [29] Kino kyaleetawo okusika omuguwa. [30] Abayudaaya abangi mu Ssettendekero y'e Michigan baali bavumirira nnyo ebigambo bino, nga bamulumiriza nti yali alwanyisa Abayudaaya . Mu lupapula lw'amawulire olwa ssettendekero, The Michigan Daily, waaliwo okudda emabega okumala ebbanga eddene mu 1988. Omuyizi omu yawandiika nti: "Mazrui tamanyidde ddala ku bikwata ku nzikiriza n'ebyafaayo by'Abayudaaya. Okugeraageranya Yisirayiri ku Bugirimaani y'Abanazi kye kisinga okuvuma amawanga ... Okuva ku by'obufuzi okudda ku maloboozi agalwanyisa Abayudaaya kyokka kikuma omuliro gw'obukyayi." [29]
Ate mu bbaluwa ey'awamu eri Michigan Daily, abakiise ku kakiiko k'okwegatta mu Palestine baawandiika nti: "Ebbaluwa gye buvuddeko erumiriza Dr. Ali Mazrui n'abawagizi be okulwanyisa Abayudaaya... tugaana okuvvoola kuno okw'obukambwe." [31] Mazrui, mu kwewozaako kwe, yagamba mu ngeri etaliimu kubuusabuusa nti yali anti-Zionist, naye nti ekyo kyali kintu kya njawulo mu musingi ku anti-Semitism. Yakkirizza nti alina obuzibu ne gavumenti ya Yisirayiri n’ekibiina ky’Abaziyoni, kyokka n’agamba nti endowooza zino azikwata nga tezirina ndowooza yonna ku bantu b’Abayudaaya ng’eggwanga. [32]
Okusaasaana kw’ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mu myaka gye gyonna Mazrui yalina ekifo ekirimu okusika omuguwa nti engeri yokka ey'okutangira okuttibwa kwa nukiriya kwe kuwa "Amawanga agakyakula" (naddala Afrika) ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya. Eno yali ndowooza eyassibwako essira mu lupapula lwa The Africans . [11] Ng’ayogera okusinga n’ebirowoozo ku by'obufuzi by’ensi yonna eby’olutalo olw’ebigambo, Mazrui yagamba nti ensi yeetaaga enjuyi ezisukka mu bbiri ezikutte emmundu za nukiriya. Olw’okuba ssemazinga ono yali wakati mu makkati n’obutakwatagana bulungi, yagamba nti Afrika yandibadde mukuumi atuukiridde ow’emirembe wakati w’Ebuvanjuba n’Ebugwanjuba. Ate era, kasita amawanga agakyakula tegalina busobozi bwa nukiriya, gandisigala nga gasuuliddwa ku bbali ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna. [33] Endowooza eno yakubwamu ebituli okuva mu abo abaali balowooza nti amawanga gye gakoma okuba n’obusobozi bwa nukiriya, n’amawanga ago gye gakoma obutabeera mutebenkevu mu byobufuzi, akabi k’omukulembeze oba ekibiina ky’amagye ekimu okukuba mizayiro za nukiriya gye kikoma okuba ekinene. [34]
Ebifo bye yalimu
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- Pulofeesa wa Sayansi w’Ebyobufuzi, Ssettendekero ya Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Amerika
- Akulira ekitongole ekikola ku by’okunoonyereza ku Amerika n’Abafirika, Ssettendekero y’e Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Amerika
- Akulira ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku by’obuwangwa mu nsi yonna, Ssettendekero ya Binghamton, Ssettendekero y’eggwanga eya New York, Binghamton, New York, Amerika
- Albert Schweitzer Pulofeesa mu by’obuntubulamu, Ssettendekero ya Binghamton, Ssettendekero y’eggwanga eya New York, Binghamton, New York, Amerika
- Pulofeesa mu Sayansi w’Ebyobufuzi, Okunoonyereza n’Obufirosoofo mu Afirika, Okuvvuunula n’Obuwangwa, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, Amerika
- Cansala Ssettendekero ya Jomo Kenyatta ey’ebyobulimi ne tekinologiya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Albert Luthuli Pulofeesa Omukulu, Ssettendekero y’e Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Omukugu omukulu mu by’okunoonyereza ku Africana era Andrew D. White Pulofeesa-era omuwummuze, Ssettendekero wa Cornell , Ithaca, New York, Amerika
- 2008–2009 M. Thelma McAndless Omumanyi ow’ekitiibwa, Ssettendekero y’obuvanjuba bwa Michigan, Ypsilanti, MI, Amerika
- Pulezidenti, Ekibiina ekigatta bannassaayansi b’Abasiraamu mu mbeera z’abantu mu Bukiikakkono bwa Amerika, Washington, DC, Amerika
Obwammemba bw’ebibiina (1980–1995) .
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- Mukiise mu, Ekitongole kya Sayansi mu Afrika
- Mukiise, Pan-African Advisory Council eri UNICEF (Ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku baana)
- Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti, olukiiko lw’ensi yonna olw’abagezi abaddugavu
- Memba, akakiiko k’amawanga amagatte akakola ku bitongole ebisukkulumye ku mawanga
- Pulofeesa Omugenyi ow’ekitiibwa, ku Ssettendekero ya Ohio State, Columbus, Ohio, Amerika (Olusana)
- Memba, Olukiiko lwa Banka olw’abawabuzi ku Afrika, Bbanka y'ensi yonna Washington, DC)
- Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti, International African Institute, London, Bungereza
- Memba ku lukiiko oluwabula abantu mu Detroit Chapter, Africare
Emikutu gy’amawulire
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- Yalagibwa mu firimu ya 2010 Motherland, eyalagirwa Owen Alik Shahadah, nga mulimu abasomesa abakulu okuva mu ssemazinga wa Afrika. Ali Mazrui mu firimu ya Nnyaffe
- Omuwi w'amagezi omukulu Omufirika era abuuzibwako ku ttivi, "Ekyafaayo ekigaaniddwa" mu muzannyo gwa ttivvi ku Lost Civilizations ( NBC and Time-Life, 1996), USA
- "Obuddu bw'ensalo: Okwolekera okuddamu okunnyonnyola Afrika", mu lupapula lwa The Economist (London) olw'emyaka 150 (Ogwomwenda 1993), Vol. 328, nnamba 7828.
- Omuwandiisi era omunyumya, The Africans: A Triple Heritage, emizannyo gya ttivvi egya BBC ne PBS nga bakolagana n’ekitongole kya ttivvi ekya Nigerian Television Authority, 1986, nga kyaweebwa ssente okuva mu pulojekiti ya Annenberg/CPB.
- Omuwandiisi era omuweereza w’amawulire, Embeera ya Afrika, BBC Reith abasomesa ba Radio , 1979, n’ekitabo eky’omutwe gwe gumu (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980)
- Omuwabuzi w’ekiwandiiko ekyawangula engule, ekyaweebwa ku mpewo ku PBS Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet (2002), ekyakolebwa ekitongole kya Unity Productions Foundation .
Mazrui yali awandiika bulijjo mu mpapula z’amawulire mu Kenya, Uganda, ne South Africa, okusinga okuli Daily Nation (Nairobi), The Standard (Nairobi), Daily Monitor (Kampala), ne City Press (Johannesburg).
Engule
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- Millennium Tribute olw'okuweebwa sikaala ez'enjawulo, House of Lords, Ebizimbe bya Palamenti, London, June 2000
- Engule ey’enjawulo okuva mu kibiina ekigatta bannassaayansi b’embeera z’abantu abasiraamu (United Kingdom), essa ekitiibwa mu Mazrui olw’omulimu gwe yakola mu sayansi w’embeera z’abantu n’okusoma Obusiraamu, Ogwomukaaga 2000
- Ekitiibwa okuva mu matendekero ag’enjawulo mu bintu omuli Obwakatonda, Ebbaluwa ez’obuntubulamu, ne Sayansi w’Enkulaakulana
- Ekifaananyi ky’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, ekyalondebwa Ssettendekero ya Lincoln, Pennsylvania, Amerika, 1998
- Yalondebwa okuba Pulofeesa wa Walter Rodney, Ssettendekero y’e Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana, 1998
- Ekifaananyi ky’ekirabo ky’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, Ssettendekero ya Lincoln, Ssettendekero ya Lincoln, Pennsylvania, 1998
- Engule ya DuBois-Garvey olw’obumu mu Afrika yonna, Ssettendekero ya Morgan State , Baltimore, Maryland, 1998
- Yalondebwa Ibn-Khaldun Professor-at-Large, Essomero erya Diguli erya Sayansi w’Obusiraamu n’Eby’Obulamu, Leesburg, Virginia, 1997–2001
- Engule y’obuwanguzi bw’abasomesa ab’ekitiibwa, Ssettendekero y’e Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Amerika 1988
- Yalondebwa okuba Pulofeesa ow’ekitiibwa Andrew D. White, Ssettendekero ya Cornell, Ithaca, New York, Amerika (1986–1992)
- Engule ya Rumi Forum ey’okwewaayo okw’enjawulo eri ebyenjigiriza, 2013
Mazrui yateekebwa ku lukalala lw'abagezigezi 100 abasinga mu nsi yonna abasomi b'akatabo ka Prospect (UK) Akatabo akakwata ku nkolagana z'amawanga g'ebweru (Washington, DC) (laba 2005 Global Intellectuals Poll).
Mu 2006, Ali Mazrui yawa okwogera okukulu mu ttabamiruka w’ekibiina kya Uganda North American Association (UNAA) mu kibuga New York. [35]
Okufa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Okusinziira ku mawulire, Mazrui yali amaze emyezi egiwerako nga tawulira bulungi nga tannafa. [36] Yafa enfa eyaabulijjo mu maka ge e Vestal mu kibugaNew York ku Ssande nga 12 Ogwekkumi 2014. [37] [38] Omulambo gwe gwaddizibwa mu kibuga gy'azaalwa e Mombasa, gye gwatuusibwa ku makya ga Ssande nga 19 Ogwekkumi. Yatwalibwa mu maka g’abazadde be gye yanaazibwa ng’empisa y’Obusiraamu bw’eri. [39] Okusaba kw'okuziika kwali ku muzikiti gw'e Mbaruk mu kibuga ekikadde era yaziikibwa ku biggya by'amaka gano erya Mazrui okwolekera Fort Jesus . Okuziika kwe kwetabibwamu omuwandiisi wa kabineti Najib Balala, omukulembeze w'ababaka abasinga obungi Aden Bare Duale, Gavana Hassan Ali Joho ; ne ba Senator Hassan Omar ne Abu Chiaba . [40]
Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- 2008: Obusiraamu bwa Africa Experience [Omusunsuzi: Ali Mazrui, Patrick Dikirr, Robert Ostergard Jr., Michael Toler and Paul Macharia] (New Delhi: Sterling Paperbacks).
- 2008: Euro-Jews and Afro-Arabs: The Great Semitic Divergence in History [editor: Seifudein Adem], (Washington DC: University of America Press).
- 2008: The Politics of War and Culture of Violence [editor: Seifudein Adem and Abdul Bemath] (Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press).
- 2008: Globalization and Civilization: Are they Forces in Conflict? [editor: Ali Mazrui, Patrick Dikirr, Shalahudin Kafrawi], (New York: Global Academic Publications).
- 2006: A Tale of two Africas: Nigeria and South Africa as contrasting Visions [editor: James N. Karioki] (London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers).
- 2006: Islam: Between Globalization & Counter-Terrorism [editors: Shalahudin Kafrawi, Alamin M. Mazrui and Ruzima Sebuharara] (Trenton, NJ and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press).
- 2004: The African Predicament and the American Experience: a Tale of two Edens (Westport, CT and London: Praeger).
- 2004: Almin M. Mazrui and Willy M. Mutunga (eds). Race, Gender, and Culture Conflict: Mazrui and His Critics (Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press).
- 2003: Almin M. Mazrui and Willy M. Mutunga (eds). Governance and Leadership:Debating the African Condition (Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press).
- 2002: Black Reparations in the era of Globalization [with Alamin Mazrui] (Binghamton: The Institute of Global Cultural Studies).
- 2002: The Titan of Tanzania: Julius K. Nyerere's Legacy (Binghamton: The Institute of Global Cultural Studies).
- 2002: Africa and other Civilizations: Conquest and Counter-Conquest, The Collected Essays of Ali A. Mazrui, Vol. 2 [series editor: Toyin Falola; editors: Ricardo Rene Laremont & Fouad Kalouche] (Trenton, NJ and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press)
- 2002: Africanity Redefined, The Collected Essays of Ali A. Mazrui, Vol. 1 [Series Editor: Toyin Falola; Editors: Ricardo Rene Laremont & Tracia Leacock Seghatolislami] (Trenton, NJ, and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press).
- 1999: Political Culture of Language: Swahili, Society and the State [with Alamin M. Mazrui] (Binghamton: The Institute of Global Cultural Studies).
- 1999: The African Diaspora: African Origins and New World Identities [co-editors Isidore Okpewho and Carole Boyce Davies] (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).
- 1998: The Power of Babel: Language and Governance in the African Experience [with Alamin M. Mazrui] (Oxford and Chicago: James Currey and University of Chicago Press).
- 1995: Swahili, State and Society: The Political Economy of an African Language [with Alamin M. Mazrui] (Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers).
- 1993: Africa since 1935: Vol. VIII of UNESCO General History of Africa [editor; asst. ed. C. Wondji] (London: Heinemann and Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
- 1990: Cultural Forces in World Politics (London and Portsmouth, N.H: James Currey and Heinemann).
- 1986: The Africans: A Triple Heritage (New York: Little Brown and Co., and London: BBC).
- 1986: The Africans: A Reader Senior Editor [with T.K. Levine] (New York: Praeger).
- 1984: Nationalism and New States in Africa: From about 1935 to the Present [with Michael Tidy] (Heinemann Educational Books, London).
- 1980: The African Condition: A Political Diagnosis [The Reith Lectures] (London: Heinemann Educational Books. and New York: Cambridge University Press).
- 1978: The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa [editor] (The Hague and Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill Publishers).
- 1978: Political Values and the Educated Class in Africa (London: Heinemann Educational Books and Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).
- 1977: State of the Globe Report, 1977 (edited and co-authored for World Order Models Project)
- 1977: Africa's International Relations: The Diplomacy of Dependency and Change (London: Heinemann Educational Books and Boulder: Westview Press).
- 1976: A World Federation of Cultures: An African Perspective (New York: Free Press).
- 1975: Soldiers and Kinsmen in Uganda: The Making of a Military Ethnocracy (Beverly Hills: Sage Publication and London).
- 1975: The Political Sociology of the English Language: An African Perspective (The Hague: Mouton Co.).
- 1973: World Culture and the Black Experience (Seattle: University of Washington Press).
- 1973: Africa in World Affairs: The Next Thirty Years [co-edited with Hasu Patel] (New York and London: The Third Press).
- 1971: The Trial of Christopher Okigbo [novel] (London: Heinemann Educational Books and New York: The Third Press).
- 1971: Cultural Engineering and Nation-Building in East Africa (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press).
- 1970: Protest and Power in Black Africa [co-edited with Robert I. Rotberg] (New York: Oxford University Press).
- 1969: Violence and Thought: Essays on Social Tentions in Africa (London and Harlow: Longman).
- 1967: Towards a Pax Africana: A Study of Ideology and Ambition (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, and University of Chicago Press).
- 1967: On Heroes and Uhuru-Worship: Essays on Independent Africa (London: Longman).
- 1967: The Anglo-African Commonwealth: Political Friction and Cultural Fusion (Oxford: Pergamon Press).
Ebijuliziddwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- ↑ Daily Nation (13 October 2014). "Professor Ali Mazrui Dies in US". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ↑ Ian (13 October 2014). "Who Was Professor Ali Mazrui?". Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ Cyrus Ombati (13 October 2014). "Professor Ali Mazrui is dead".
- 1 2 3 "Ali Mazrui: A Confluence of Three Cultures" from April/May 1982 Research News, Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 9, Bentley Library
- ↑ "Africana Studies and Research Center | Africana Studies & Research Center Cornell Arts & Sciences". africana.cornell.edu.
- ↑ Nabiruma, Diana (19 August 2009). "Ali Mazrui – In His Own Words". The Observer (Uganda). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ Correspondence with Hasu Patel, Conference Organiser, of conference on Africa in World Affairs in the Next Thirty Years, December 1969. Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 7, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Letter from Ali Mazrui to Merrick Posnansky. Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 7, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Report to the Principal, Makerere University, 6 November 1968. Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 8, Bentley Library.
- 1 2 3 Mitgang, Herbert (5 October 1986). "Looking at Africa Through an African's Eyes". The New York Times. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "nytimes.com" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Ali Mazrui correspondence with Ann Gourlay, Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 7, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Interview with Ali Mazrui, "Race Relations in the United States". Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 7, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Julie Wiernik, "African expert quits U-M for SUNY post", The Ann Arbor News, Thurs, 30 May 1991. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Connie Leslie, "Let's Buy a Physicist or Two", Newsweek, 12 February 1990. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ "LS&A’s skyrocketing minority recruitment", Ann Arbor Observer, September 1989. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Taraneh Shafii, 'U' adds 45 new minority to faculty, Michigan Daily, Monday 2 October 1989. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Joe Stroud, "U-M can make fitting pledge to pluralism", Detroit News, 5/14/89. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Karen Grassmuck, "U-M accused of dawdling on diversity", The Ann Arbor News, Friday 15 September 1989. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Jowi, Frenny (13 October 2014). "Kenya's Ali Mazrui: Death of A Towering Intellectual". BBC News. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ↑ Deborah Gilbert, News and Information Services, U/K Supplement 5/22/88. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Letter from Mazrui to Mr. Kipyego Cheluget, 19 June 1984. Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 9, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Hatem Bazian (18 October 2014). "An intellectual giant: Ali Mazrui (1933–2014)". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
- ↑ Skipjen2865 (2014-10-22). "Biographies: A00256 - Ali Mazrui, Controversial Scholar of Africa". Biographies. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
- ↑ Deborah Gilbert, The University Record, 13 October 1986. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Irvin Molotsky, "U.S. Aide Assails TV Series on Africa", The New York Times, 5 September 1986. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Ali Mazrui letter to George Mendenhall, 4 December 1984. Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 9, Bentley Library
- ↑ Pamphlet by Raphaels Donjur, Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 9, Bentley Library.
- 1 2 Marc Brennan, Michigan Daily, Opinion Piece. 26 September 1988. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Mark Weisbrot, The Michigan Daily, 23 September 1988. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ "Judaism is not Zionism", Dallas Kenny, Chuck Abookire, Nuha Khoury, et al. (as members of the Palestine Solidarity Committee), letter to the Daily, 18 October 1988. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Victoria Bauer, "A struggle for common ground", Michigan Daily Weekend Magazine, 17 March 1989. News and Information Services Faculty and Staff Files, Box 85, Bentley Library.
- ↑ Mazrui, Ali (12 December 1979). "Lecture 6: In Search of Pax Africana" (PDF). Reith Lectures 1979: The African Condition.
- ↑ Oyvind Osterun, Article in Dagbladet, 4 August 1981. Ali Mazrui Papers, Box 9, Bentley Library.
- ↑ "Past UNAA Conventions". Ugandan North American Association (UNAA). Retrieved 2026-02-18.
- ↑ Mghenyi, Charles (13 October 2014). "Kenya: Ali Mazrui To Be Buried at Monumental Family Graveyard Opposite Fort Jesus". The Star (Kenya) via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ "Family Obituary of Ali Mazrui" (PDF). Cornell Africana Studies and Research Center. October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
- ↑ Douglas Martin, "Ali Mazrui, Scholar of Africa Who Divided U.S. Audiences, Dies at 81", The New York Times, 20 October 2014.
- ↑ Mghenyi, Charles (17 October 2014). "Prof Mazrui to be buried this Sunday". The Star (Kenya). Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
- ↑ "Renowned scholar Mazrui laid to rest in Mombasa". Capital News. 19 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
Ebisingawo okusoma
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]
- Adam, Hussein M. "Kwame Nkrumah: Leninist Czar or Leninist Garvey?" in Omari Kokole (ed.), The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998), pp. xi–xvii.
- Annan, Kofi, "The Global African", in Parviz Morewedge, The Scholar Between Thought and Experience (Binghamton, NY: Institute of Global Cultural Studies, 2001), pp. 339–340.
- Anwar, Etin, "Mazrui and Gender: On the Question of Methodology", in The Mazruiana Collection Revisited: Ali A. Mazrui debating the African condition. An annotated and select thematic bibliography 1962–2003, compiled by Abdul Samed Bemath (Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa and New Dawn Press Group, 2005), pp. 363–377.
- Anyaoku, Emeka, "Foreword", in The Mazruiana Collection Revisited: Ali A. Mazrui debating the African condition. An annotated and select thematic bibliography 1962–2003, compiled by Abdul Samed Bemath (Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa and New Dawn Press Group, 2005), pp. ix.
- Avari, Burjor, "Recollections of Ali Mazrui as an Undergraduate", in Omari Kokole (ed.), The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998), pp. 291–296.
- Assensoh, A B., and Alex-Assensoh, Y. M. "The Mazruiana Collection Revisited: An Introduction", in The Mazruiana Collection Revisited: Ali A. Mazrui debating the African condition. An annotated and select thematic bibliography 1962–2003, compiled by Abdul Samed Bemath (Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa and New Dawn Press Group, 2005), pp. xxiii–xxviii.
- Ayele, Negussay. "Mazruiana on Conflict and Violence in Africa", in Omari Kokole (ed.), The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998), pp. 105–119.
- Bakari, Mohamed. "Ali Mazrui’s Political Sociology of Language", in Robert Ostergard, Ricardo Rene Laremont and Fouad Kalouche (eds), Power, Politics, and the African Condition. Collected Essays of Ali A. Mazrui. Vol. 3. Trenton, NJ, and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2004, pp. 411–429.
- Bemath, Abdul Samed. The Mazruiana Collection. A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of the Published Works of Ali A. Mazrui (1st edition 1998; 2nd edition 2005).
- Bemath, Abdul Samed. "In Search of Mazruiana", in Parviz Morewedge, The Scholar Between Thought and Experience (Binghamton, NY: Institute of Global Cultural Studies, 2001), pp. 33–62.
- Dunbar, Robert Ann. "Culture, Religion, and Women’s Fate: Africa's Triple Heritage and Ali Mazrui’s Writings on Gender and African Women", in Robert Ostergard, Ricardo Rene Laremont and Fouad Kalouche (eds), Power, Politics, and the African Condition. Collected Essays of Ali A. Mazrui, Vol. 3. Trenton, NJ, and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2004, pp. 431–452.
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