Andrew Cohen (omuddukanya w’emirimu gy’amatwale) .
Omuyimbi Andrew Benjamin Cohen KCMG KCVO OBE (7 Ogwekkumi 1909 – 17 Ogwomukaaga 1968) yali Gavana wa Uganda okuva mu 1952 okutuuka mu 1957.
Obulamu obuto n’okusoma
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Cohen yali ava mu maka ag’ekitiibwa ag’Abangereza n’Abayudaaya. Yali muzzukulu wa Levy Barent Cohen . Yasomera mu Malvern College ne Trinity College, Cambridge, n'afuna diguli mu Classics. Yali Mutume wa Cambridge. Talina luganda na Andrew Cohen, Omumerika eyeeyita omusomesa w’eby’omwoyo.
Gold Coast
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mu 1947, Cohen yalondebwa okuba omuyambi w’omuwandiisi omubeezi mu kitongole kya ofiisi y’amatwale mu kitongole kya Afrika. Omwaka guno gwe gumu, yafulumya alipoota ya Cohen eyawa amagezi obuyinza buweebwe Bannafirika mpolampola.[1] Naye, Gold Coast yokka ye yatwalibwa ng'esobola okwefuga "mu mulembe".[2]
Mu 1948, okunoonyereza kwa Bungereza kwatandikibwawo gavumenti ya Labour ku bivuddeko obujagalalo obw’enjawulo mu Gold Coast. Omuwandiisi w’amatwale Arthur Creech Jones ne Cohen baasindika Aiken Watson, omuwagizi w’ekibiina kya Fabian Society eyali emabegako ng’avuganya ku bwa Labour mu kulonda kwa 1935, okulambula ettundutundu lino n’okubuuza abajulizi.[3] Cohen yawa Watson ne banne amagezi "okukola lipoota ku kutaataaganyizibwa...n'ebibiviirako: n'okuteesa ku nsonga yonna ejja".[3] Alipoota ya Watson eyavaamu yawa amagezi ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka okutuuka ku bantu bangi. [4]
Abakungu bangi ab’amatwale mu Gold Coast n’abakozi ba gavumenti abamu mu London baatwala lipoota eno ng’okuyitirizanga.[3] Creech Jones yagamba nti yakwatibwa ensonyi olw’ebizuuliddwa byayo eby’amaanyi; wabula kabneti yakkirizza bye yazudde Cohen.[3] Alipoota eno yayamba okuyimbula abakulembeze abakulu abawagira eggwanga, omuli ssaabaminisita ow'omu maaso Kwame Nkrumah, n'okukyusa Sir Gerald Creasy, gavana wa Gold Coast, n'akyusa Charles Arden-Clarke eyali ow'eddembe. [5] Arden-Clarke yakwata ekifo kino okutuusa Ghana lwe yafuna obwetwaze mu 1957, enkola gye yayambako okwanguyiza.[3]
Rhodesia ne Nyasaland
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Nga Colonial Office Assistant Undersecretary for African Affairs, Cohen yali mu nteeseganya z’okussaawo essaza lya federo eri Rhodesias ne Nyasaland mu 1950. Omuyudaaya Cohen, eyalumwa ennyo mu mwooyo olw'ekitta bayudaaya, yali muvumirizi wa bwa kyerupe era nga mulwanirizi wa ddembe lya Africa. Kyokka, yekiriranya mu by'akiririzaamu nga alondoola ebisomooza byeyalabanga ebibi ebisinga: akabi nti , singa Rhodesia ey'Amaserengeta etabanguka, yaaligwa mu lubu lwa gavumenti ya National Party mu South Africa.
Eri Cohen, akabi k’obukulu bw’abazungu ab’Abafirika mu ngeri ey’ekimpatiira kaali kabi nnyo okusinga okusigala ng’enkola y’okulinnya kw’abazungu etakyukakyuka nnyo, ey’obuzaale mu Bugwanjuba bwa Rhodesia. Olw’okuba yakkaanya n’okukkaanya kuno, Cohen yagenda mu maaso n’okufuuka omu ku bakerettanyi abaali emabega w'okutondawo Federo, ng’emirundi mingi kirabika ng’ali yekka mu kuteewuluza ebyesiba wamu n’okwekandaga ku lw’ebibiina ebikwatibwako.
Enteeseganya n’enkiiko byalimu obukakanyavu. Rhodesia ey'Amaserengeta n'amatwaale gomu Mambuka byaali birina ennono zanjawulo nnyo bwe kyatuuka ku ‘Native Question’ (Abafirika) n’emirimu gye byaali bitegekeddwa okukola mu bibiina by’obwannakyewa. Bwe kityo, kyatwala kumpi emyaka esatu CAF okutandikibwawo. Era, bwe yamala okutandikibwawo, kyalaga nti "y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okufugibwa mu ngeri ey'ekikugu mu nsi yonna."
Gavana wa Uganda
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mu 1952 yalondebwa okuba Gavana wa Uganda, n’omulimu gw’okuteekateeka eggwanga eryo okufuna obwetwaze. Yaddamu okutegeka olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti (LEGCO) okussaamu ababaka abaalondebwa okuva mu disitulikiti mu Uganda yonna, bw’atyo n’assaawo omusingi gwa palamenti ekiikirira abantu. Ono era yagunjawo enteekateeka z’ebyenfuna, omuli n’okutandikawo ekitongole kya Uganda Development Corporation .
Mu 1953 Lukiiko (Paalamenti) ya Buganda yanoonya obwetwaze okuva ku Uganda. Edward Mutesa II, Kabaka (kabaka) wa Buganda yasaba Buganda eyawulwe okuva ku ttwaale era okuvunanyizibwa kwayo bukyusibwe okudda mu ofiisi y’ensonga z’ebweru. Nga 30 Ogwekkuminoogumu Cohen yagoba Kabaka mu ntebe era n’alagira okuwangangusibwa e London. Okukaka okugenda kwe kwafuula Kabaka omujulizi ow’amangu mu maaso g’Abaganda, abaali befunyiridde ku kwekutula n'okukyaawa obw'amatwaale ebyaleetawo omuyaga ogw’okwekalakaasa. Ekikolwa kya Cohen kyamuddiramu, era nga teyasobola kusanga muntu yenna mu Baganda yetegese oba asobola okukunga obuwagizi eri entekateeka ze. Oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egy'okwekunya n'obutalabwaawo wamu n'okusimbirwa ekkuuli, Cohen yawalirizibwa okuzzaawo "Kabaka Freddie".[6] Kabaka yaddayo mu Kampala nga 17 Ogwekkumi 1955. Abu Mayanja y’omu ku baawerekera Sir Edward Mutesa okuva mu buwanganguse bwe e London mu 1955.
Enteeseganya ezaaviirako Kabaka okudda, wadde nga zaalabika nga zimatiza Abazungu, zaali buwanguzi bwa maanyi eri Baganda. Cohen yakakasa endagaano ya Kabaka obutawakanya bwetwaze mu nkola ya Uganda ennene. Kabaka teyakoma ku kuzzibwa mu ntebe mu kuddamu, wabula gwe mulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1889, kabaka yaweebwa obuyinza okulonda n’okugoba abaami be (abakungu ba gavumenti ya Buganda) mu kifo ky’okukola nga ffiga yokka nga bwe batambuza emirimu gya gavumenti. Obuyinza bwa Kabaka obupya bwabikkibwa mu kubuzaabuza nti yandibadde "kabaka wa ssemateeka" yekka, so nga mu butuufu yali muzannyi akulembedde mu kusalawo engeri Uganda gy'egenda okufugibwamu, era nga yandifuuse pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka mu 1962.
Olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’abakwasisa amateeka
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Okuva mu 1957 Cohen yali mukiise wa Bungereza mu lukiiko lw'amawanga amagatte olwa Trusteeship. Mu 1959 yali mmemba wa Special Mission to Samoa okuteesa ku bwetwaze bwayo okuva mu New Zealand. Yali yeenyigira mu kukyusa Trust Territory of Southern Cameroons okugitwala mu ssaza lya Cameroun Republic eryafugibwa Bufalansa nga 1 Ogwekkumi 1961. Cohen yali awakanya okuwa ekitundu ekyo obwetwaze, era abantu b’omu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon abaali bawagira obwetwaze baamunenya olw’okuba ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte tekyakkiriza kibuuzo ekyo kubuuzibwa mu lukiiko.
Obulamu obw’oluvannyuma
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Cohen yaliko omuwandiisi ow’enkalakkalira wa Minisita w’enkulaakulana y’ebweru w’eggwanga okuva mu 1964 okutuusa lwe yafa olw’obulwadde bw’omutima mu 1968.
Ebijuliziddwa
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- ↑ Ronald Robinson (1980). "Andrew Cohen and the Transfer of Power in Tropical Africa, 1940–1951". In Georges Fischer; W. H. Morris-Jones (eds.). Decolonisation and After: The British French Experience (in Lungereza). Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9780203061442-4 (inactive 1 July 2025). ISBN 9780203061442. Archived from the original on 2024-04-20.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2025 (link) - ↑ Collins, Michael (2013-03-01). "Decolonisation and the "Federal Moment"". Diplomacy & Statecraft. 24 (1): 21–40. doi:10.1080/09592296.2013.762881. ISSN 0959-2296.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Lapping, Brian (1985). End of empire. Internet Archive. New York : St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-25071-3. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Colonial Office: Commission of enquiry into disturbances in the Gold Coast (Watson Commission, 1948) (in English). Commission of enquiry into disturbances in the Gold Coast. 1948.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Arden-Clarke, Charles (1958). "Gold Coast Into Ghana: Some Problems of Transition". International Affairs. 34 (1): 49–56. doi:10.2307/2605866. ISSN 0020-5850. JSTOR 2605866.
- ↑ Gunther, John (1957). Inside Africa. The Reprint Society. p. 438.