James Kabarebe
James Kabarebe yazaalibwa 1959, nga yali muserikale wa Rwanda eyawummula amagye era akola nga Minisita w’eggwanga ow’okugatta ebitundu mu minisitule y’ensonga z’ebweru.
Kabarebe yali muntu mukulu mu lutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka n'olutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri ng’omuduumizi w’amagye. [1]
Okuva nga 10 Ogwokuna 2010 okutuuka nga 18 Ogwekumi 2018, yali Minisita w’eby'okwerinda mu Rwanda. Yaliko omuduumizi w’eggye lya Rwanda erya Patriotic Army era nga yeeyakola ng'etegeka z'ekibiina kya Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo . [2] Mu kifo kye ekya Minisita w’eby'okwerinda yavunaanibwa okuba omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekyali kiyitibwa de facto mu kibiina kya March 23 Movement, ekyaali eky’abajaasi mu buvanjuba bwa Democratic Republic of the Congo. [3]
Mu Gwomwenda mu 2023, James Kabarebe yalondebwa okubeera Minisita w’eggwanga ow’enkolagana z'ebitundu. [4]
Obulamu bwe n'obuyigirize
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]James Kabarabe yazaalibwa mu 1959. Yakulira Ibanda mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, pulayimale yagisomera ku Kyamate Primary School mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era n'asoma S.4 ku Kabalega Secondary School e Masindi, mu Bunyoro mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yeeyongerayo n'agenda ku St. Henry’s College Kitovu mu 1979, gyeyamalira S6. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku Makerere University gye yafunira diguli ya Bachelor of Arts mu by’enfuna ne sayaansi w'eby'obufuzi. Yaweebwa omulimu mu 1989.
Eggye lya Rwanda Patriotic Army
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]James Kabarebe ye yali omuwandiisi ow'okulusegere era omuyambi wa Paul Kagame. Mu lutalo lw'omunda mu Rwanda, yafuuka omuduumizi ow'ekibinja ky'abaduumizi b'amagye eky'okuntiko e Mulindi. Oluvannyuma ekibinja kino kyakyusibwa nebakiyita Republican Guard nga kikulemberwa Kagame.
Olutalo lw'e Congo olusooka
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mu lutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka, Kabarebe ye yali omuduumizi w’eggye eryakulemberwa Rwanda eryasomoka ne liyingira e Zaire (kati emannyikiddwa nga Democratic Republic of the Congo). [5] Ekigendererwa ky'amagye kyali kya kuwangula eyali FAR ne ebibinja bya Interahamwe, abahutu ebyali bikoze ekittabantu ku Batutsi era nga byenyigira mu bulumbaganyi obusala ensalo ku Rwanda, okwonoona enkambi z'ababundabunda, ezaali zibeeramu ebibinja by'amagye n'abantu baabulijjo abahutu mwe baali babeera, n'okugya eyali Pulezidenti wa Zaire, Mobutu Sese Seko mu buyinza. [6] [1]
Ng’akulira amaggye eyali akola eteetateeka mu kibiina kya Laurent-Désiré Kabila eky’abayeekera ekya Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (ADFL), Kabarebe yayambako okukola entegeka y’okuwamba Kinshasa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Democratic Republic of the Congo, nga 17 Ogwokutaano 1997, n’okuwangula Mobutu Sese Seko.
Ku nkomerero y'omulimu guno, Kabila yamulonda okuba akulira amagye ga Congo. [1] Kyokka enkolagana wakati wa Rwanda ne Kabila yatuuka nesaanawo mu mbeera ezavirako olutalo lw'e Congo olw'okubiri. [1] Olw'okutya okuwamba gavumenti, nga 27 Ogwomusanvu 1998, Kabila yagoba Kabarebe okuva mu kifo kye. [1] Olwo Kabila oluvannyuma n'alonda General Célestin Kifwa, Omucongo eyali awerezaako mu Angola.
Olutalo lw'e Congo olw'okubiri
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Mu kiseera kye ng’akulira abakozi, divizoni ey’ekumi, eyali esimbiddwa mu buvanjuba bwa Congo, yatandika okwongerako amagye amalala ag’Abanyamulenge, Banyarwanda n’abaaliko mu magye ga Rwanda Defence Forces abaali batera okuwakanya Kabila. [7] Oluvanyuma lw'okumugoba ku bwa ku bw'okukulembera abakozi mu Gwomusanvu mu 1998, Kabarebe n'emikwano gya Uganda ne Congo [1] baatandika okuteekateeka okulumba obugwanjuba bwa Congo, nga bagenderera okugoba gavumenti ya Kabila mu bwangu. Nga 4 Ogwomunaana, yakulembera ennyonyi okuva ku Kitona Air Field nga baasitula n’abajaasi ba RPA ne UPDF nga 3,000. [8]
Amagye ge gaagenda mu maaso mangu, ne gakwata emyalo eminene n’ebintu ebikozesebwa mu buvanjuba bwa Congo mu nnaku ntono. Mu kutambula kwabwe omukago guno kigambibwa nti gwasobya ku bakazi n’okutta abantu n’okunyaga bbaanka. [1] Mu kaweefube w'okutwala Kinshasa, omukago gwasalako amasannyalaze mu kibuga kino ekyaviirako okusinziira ku kibiina ky'amawanga amagatte "okufa kw'abantu baabulijjo abatamanyiddwa muwendo naddala abaana n'abalwadde mu malwaliro." [1]
We bwatuukira nga 22 Ogwomunaana, yali atuuse e Kinshasa, kyokka aba Zimbabwe, Namibia ne Angola okwenyigiramu, kyalemesa amagye gge okutwala n'okugya Kabila mu ofiisi. Yawalirizibwa okuvaayo n’agenda e Angola okutuusa lwe yasengulwa mu Gwekumineebiri gwa 1998. [8] Mu kiseera amagye g’omukago we gadda emabega, kigambibwa nti amagye ga Angola gaakoze ebikolwa eby’obukambwe ebifaananako ng'eby’omukago bye gwakola mu kutambula kwagwo okwolekera Kinshasa. [1]
Amagye ga Rwanda Defence Forces
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Mu Gwekumi 2002, pulezidenti Paul Kagame yalonda Kabarebe ku kifo ky’okukulira amagye ga Rwanda .
Nga 30 Ogwomunaana 2023, minisitule y’eby'okwerinda mu Rwanda yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyaali kiraga Kabarebe n’eyali akulira eggye lya Rwanda Reserve Force, General Fred Ibingira nga webaali bawummudde. Era ku lukalala luno kwaliko eyali minisita w'eby'okwerinda Major General Albert Murasira . [9]
Okulumiriza
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Kabarebe y’omu ku bakungu ba Rwanda kkumi Jean-Louis Bruguière,omulamuzi Omufalansa beyali alumiriza mu 2006 okwetaba mu kukuba ennyonyi ya Juvenal Habyarimana eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo. [10] Kabarebe n’omukungu omulala ow’oku ntikko bino babyegaanyi. [10] Mu Gwokubiri, 2008, omulamuzi Omusipaana, Fernando Andreu, yafulumya ebiragiro by'okukwata abaserikale 40 aba Rwanda nga ne Kabarebe mw’ali. Ebyaali bibavunaanibwa mu misango gyombi oluvannyuma byaggyibwawo.
Mu 2012, alipoota okuva mu kibinja ky’abakugu mu lukiiko lw'abakugu olw’amawanga amagatte olw’eby'okwerinda lwalumiriza Kabarebe n’abakungu ba Rwanda abalala olw'okubeera abakulembezze ba de facto ab’ekibinja ky'abayeekera ekya M23 . M23 bamulumiriza okwenyigira mu kutta abantu, okutuusa ogw'obuliisa maanyi n'ebikolwa ebirala eby'obukambwe mu buvanjuba bwa Democratic Republic of Congo. [3] Kabarebe ne Rwanda beegaana emisango. [11]
Mu 2025, Amerika yasa envumbo ku Kabarebe olw’okukwatagana ne M23 mu kulumba kwayo n’okwanguyiza okutunda eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka ebyakwatibwa abayeekera mu DRC. [12]
Laba nebino
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]Ebijuliziddwaamu
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, 1993–2003: Report of the Mapping Exercise documenting the most serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed within the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between March 1993 and June 2003" (PDF). United Nations Human Rights: Office of the High Commissioner. August 2010. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kagire, Edmund (19 October 2018). "Kagame reshuffles Cabinet, removes powerful Defence minister". The EastAfrican. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- 1 2 Smith, David (2012-10-18). "Rwandan minister is leader of Congo rebels, UN says". The Guardian (in British English). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
- ↑ Edmund (28 September 2023). "Afrique Rwanda: le général en retraite James Kabarebe nommé ministre de la Coopération régionale". RFI. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ↑ Gerard Prunier, Africa's World War, OUP 2009, pg. 183
- ↑ "Washingtonpost.com: Congo Report". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
- ↑ Gerard Prunier, Africa's World War, OUP 2009, pg. 177
- 1 2 Cooper, Tom (2013). Great Lakes Conflagration: Second Congo War, 1998 2003. UK: Helion & Company Limited. pp. 23–32. ISBN 978-1-920143-84-8. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Musoni, Edwin (2023-08-30). "Kagame approves retirement of 12 Generals". The New Times (in Lungereza). Retrieved 2023-08-30.
- 1 2 "Rwandan defence minister refuses to face French judge over Habyaramina death". RFI (in British English). 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
- ↑ "UPDATE 4-African leaders sign deal aimed at peace in eastern Congo". Reuters (in Lungereza). 2013-02-25. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
- ↑ "The US sanctions a Rwanda official and a rebel spokesperson over violence in eastern Congo". AP News (in Lungereza). 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya
[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]- Aftican Studies Quarterly ewa ennaku z'omwezi entuufu Kabarebe lwe yalondebwa mu kibiina kya ADFL.
- Christian Science Monitor ku nkolagana ya Kabarebe ne Laurent Kabila .
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