Jump to content

Joseph Kony

Bisangiddwa ku Wikipedia

Joseph Rao Kony yazaalibwa Ogwomwenda mu 1961 Munnayuganda munamagye akulembera ekibinja ky'abayeekera eyatandikawo eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), eritwalibwa ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe, omukago gwa Bulaaya, ne gavumenti endala ez'enjawulo omuli Bungereza ne Amerika, okubeera ekibiina ky'abatujju .

Kony aludde nga y’omu ku bakulembera entalo abasinga okumanyika mu Afrika era abasinga okwetagibwa. Ono abadde alumiriza ebitongole bya gavumenti okubeera nga yali alagira okuwambibwa kw'abaana nebafuuka abajaasi, n'okukola ng'abaddu nga beetunda mu kaboozi ak'ekikulu . Abaana nga 66,000 beebafuuka abajaasi, ate obukadde 2 obw'abantu nebabeera nga tebalina wakubeera mu ggwanga okuva mu 1986 okutuuka mu 2009 nga kino kyakolebwa amagye gge. Kony yali alumirizibwa mu 2005 olw'emisango gy'entalo n'emisango gy'okutulugunya abantu nga kino kyali mu kkooti y’ensi yonna (ICC) esinganibwa mu kibuga The Hague, kyokka yeewala okukwatibwa. Ono abadde alina ekiwandiiko kya kya poliisi y'ensi yonna ekigamba nti alina okukwatibwa ng'okusaba kwa ICC bwekwali okuva mu 2006. Okuva enteeseganya z’emirembe e Juba mu 2006, eggye ly'abayeekera erya Lord’s Resistance Army terikyakola mu Uganda. Ensonda zigamba nti bali mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Central African Republic (CAR), oba South Sudan . Mu 2013, kyategeezebwa nti obulamu wa Kony bwaali mu mbeera mbi, era Michel Djotodia, pulezidenti wa CAR, yagamba nti yali ateesa ne Kony okwewaayo.

Okutuuka mu Gwokuna gwa 2017, Kony yali tamannyikiddwa mayitire gge, wabula ng'amaggye gge kyali kigambibwa nti gaali gakendedde nga basigadde abasirikale nga 100, nga bakiridde okuviira ddala ku 3,000 gyebaaliko. Amerika ne Uganda bombi baakomekereza okuyiga Kony n'abayeekera ba LRA, nga bakiriza nti bano baali tebakyatiisa byakwerinda bya Uganda. Okutuuka mu 2022, kigambibwa nti yeekweeka mu Darfur.

Obulamu bwe ne famire

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Kony yazaalibwa mu Gwomwenda gwa 1961 [1] mu kibuga Odek mu kitundu ky'omubukiika ddyo bwa Uganda . [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Y'omu ku bali mu ggwanga lw'abantu abamannyikiddwa nga Abachooli . [2] [7] Kitaawe Luizi Obol yali mulimi era eyayigirizibwa okusomesa ebikwatagana ku by'ediini mu Klezia. Maama wa Kony, Nora Oting, yali Mukulisitaayo ng'era nga naye mulimi. [8] Yali muto oba ow'okubiri mu bato ku baana omukaaga mu famire.[9] Mwannyina omukulu, Gabriela Lakot, akyabeera mu Odek. [8] Yalina enkolagana ennungi ne baganda be, naye yayanguwa okwesasuza mu nkaayana, singa wali nga omulumbye, yateranga okukozesa obutabanguko. [10] Kony teyamaliriza kusoma, kuba yavaayo ng'alina emyaka 15. [2][10] Yali yali mulenzi eyayamba ngako ku basuumba mu Klezia okutuusa mu 1976. [9] Yawasa Selly era bombi baazaala omwana omulenzi eyali amannyikiddwa nga Ali Ssalongo Kony . [10]

Omukulembeze w’abayeekera

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Mu 1995, Kony yasituka n’afuuka ow'ettutumu ku ttaka ly'Abachooli oluvannyuma lw’ekibiina ky’Omwoyo Omutukuvu ekya Alice Auma (era amanyiddwa nga Lakwena era nga Kony ateeberezebwa okubeera nga yamulinako oluganda). Okugibwa kwa Pulezidenti wa Acholi Tito Okello mu buyinza ekyakolebwa Yoweri Museveni n'ekiibna kye ekya National Resistance Army (NRA) mu lutalo lw'omu nsiko mu Uganda wakati wa 1981 ne 1986 kwali kutuuse ku ntikko y'okunyaga ebisolo mu bungi, okusobya ku bakazi, okwokya amaka, ekutta abantu, n'okuttibwa okwakolebwa amagye ga Museveni. [11]

Ebikolwa ebyakolebwa ekibiina kya Museveni ekya NRA, kati ekimanyiddwa nga Uganda People's Defence Force, kye kyaviirako Kony okutondawo ekibiina kya LRA. Obuyeekera buno bwavaamu enkambi z’abasibe abaakwatibwa mu biseera by'entalo mu bukiika ddyo bwa Uganda ng’abantu abasoba mu bukadde bubiri basibiddwa. Gavumenti yayokya ebintu by'abantu ennyonyi eziriko emundu enene, n'okutta namungi w'abantu. Waaliwo okukakibwa kw'abantu okubeera nga baali tebakyalina webabeera mu bitundu ky’obukiika ddyo. Kakuyegere munsi yonna yatandika nga bagamba enkambi zino zisanyizibweewo abantu baddeyo mu byalo byabwe gyebaava. [9] [12] [13] [14]

Mu 2006, mu nteeseganya z’emirembe e Juba n’abayeekera ba LRA, gavumenti ya Museveni yawa olukusa abantu b’omu kitundu okudda mu byalo byabwe. Eno yeeyali etandikwa y'okutereeza amaka amaka, enguudo n’ebirala. [9] [15] [16]

Eggye ly'abayeekera eriyitibwa Lord's Resistance Army

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Kony abadde yeenyigira mu kuwamba n'okuteeka abaana abato mu bujaasi . Aba LRA bamaze emyaka kkumi nga balwanagana n’amaggye ga gavumenti aga NRA oba UPDF munda mu Uganda ne mu South Sudan. Mu 2008, amagye ga Uganda gaalumba DRC nga ganoonya aba LRA mu kikwekweeto ekyali kitumiddwa 'Operation Lightning Thunder'. [17] Mu Gwekuminoogumu ogwa 2013, kyali kitegezebwa nga Kony bweyali mu mbeera embi mu tawuni ya Nzoka mu buvanjuba bwa CAR. [18]

Ng'ozeeye emabegako n'otunulira kakuyege wa LRA ow'okukola obutabanguko, omukutu gw'amawulire agayitibwa The Guardian gaategeze nti mu 2015 amagye ga Kony ge geegaavirako okufa kw’abantu abasoba mu 100,000 n’okuwambibwa kw'abaana abatakka wansi wa 60,000. Ebikolwa eby'obukambwe eby'enjawulo ebyakolebwa ebirala mwemuli okusobya ku bawala abato n'okubawamba okukozesebwa ng'abaddu b'akaboozi ak'abantu abakulu . [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]

Omuwendo gwennyini ogw’abajaasi ba LRA gwawukana nnyo okumala emyaka egiyise, nga gutuuka ku bajaasi 3000. Mu 2017, abaali mu kibiina kino baali bakendedde nnyo nebatuuka ku bajaasi abateberebwa okubeera 100. Mu Gwokuna 2017, gavumenti ya Uganda n'eya Amerika zombi zaakomya kaweefube w’okunoonya Kony n’okulwanyisa LRA, nga bagamba nti LRA yali tekyalina bulabe bwa maanyi eri Uganda mu by’okwerinda. [19] [20]

Nga tebanaba kutandika okulwanyisa okunyigirizibwa kwa gavumenti kweyali ebaleetako, kigambibwa LRA yakyuka n'ewakanya abawagizi ba Kony bennyini, mungeri y'okulongoosa bantu ba Acholi n'okufuula Uganda nga efugibwa abasuumba n'abakiririza mu Katonda. [2] [24] [25]​ [26] [27] Kony yeetwaala okubeera omwegezi wa Katonda era emyoyo mwegiyita okwogerezeganya n'abantu era nti yakyalirwaako emyoyo 13, nga mwemuli n'omusambwa okuva e China.[2] Okwefananyiriza, ekibiina kirimu enzikiriza ez'enjawulo nga zirimu eby'emizimu, eggwanga ly'abachooli n'eby'ediini ez'enjawulo,era yali agamba nti agenda kutandikawo eggwanga ekidukanyizibwa abakiririza mu Katonda ng'asinziira ku mateeka 10 ag'omu bayibuli n'obuwangwa bw'abachooli.

Mu Gwekumi gwa 2006, ICC yalangirira ekiwandiiko ky'okukwatibwa kw'abantu bataano ab’ekibiina ky'eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army olw'ebikolobero byebaali bazizza eri abantu oluvannyuma lw’okubeera nga baali babalumiriza. Ku lunaku olwaddako, eyali minisita wa Uganda ow’ebyokwerinda Amama Mbabazi yakyasanguza nti abantu abaali ku kiwandiko kino yali Kony, omumyuka we Vincent Otti, n’abaduumizi ba LRA Raska Lukwiya, Okot Odhiambo, ne Dominic Ongwen. Amagye ga Uganda gatta Lukwiya nga 12 Ogwomunaana 2006. [28][19]

Omukutu gwa BBC gwafuna amawulire nti Otti yali attiddwa nga 2 Ogwekumi mu 2007, mu maka ga Kony. [29] Mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 2006, Kony yasisinkana Jan Egeland, omuwandiisi w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'abantu n'omukwanaganya w'obuyambi obw'amangu . [30] Omukutu gwa Journeyman Pictures gwafulumya emboozi gye yakola ne Kony mu 2006 mwe yalangirira nti: "Ndi mulwanyi wa ddembe, so si mutujju." [31] Yategeezezza omukutu gwa Reuters : "Tetulina mwana yenna. Tulina abalwanyi bokka." [32]

Abawaabi ba gavumenti mu ICC baasaba okuwulira omusango mu butabeerawo okukakasa emisango egyavunaanibwa Kony mu Gwekuminoogumu gwa 2022, era mu 2024 okuwulira omusango kwali kutegekeddwa nga 15 Ogwekumi. [33] Kony yali ajja kukiikirirwa munnamateeka alondeddwa kkooti singa aba tannakwatibwa ng’okuwulira omusango kutuse, okwaali kusokera ddala okwekikula kino mu kkooti y'ensi yonna eya ICC, okubaawo. [34]

Enzikiriza z’eddiini

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Abagoberezi ba Kony, wamu n’abaali bamuvumirira, baalina okukiriza nti yali alinyibwaako emizimu. Kony y'agamba ng'abaana be abaserikale nti omusaalaba gwebaabateeka ngako kifuba kyabwe nga bakozesa buto, gwali gwakubakuuma okuva eri amasasi. [10] Ye muwagizi nnyo ow'okuwasa abakazi abangi, era kirowoozebwa nti yalina abakyala 60, [3] era nga yali taata w'abaana 42[35].  olupapula lwa 136  Kony yakikatiriza nti ye ne LRA baalo balwanirira Amateeka Ekkumi agaawandikibwa mu Bayibuli, [35] era n'awolereza ebikolwa bye mu mboozi ey'akafubo, ng'agamba nti, "Kibi? Tekirinyirira ddembe ly'abuntu. Era ekiragiro ekyo tekyaweebwa Yusufu. Tekyaweebwa LRA. Nedda, ebiragiro ebyo byaweebwa Katonda." [36]

Omukulembeze w'eby'obufuzi mu Uganda Betty Bigombe yajjukizza nti Kony n'abagoberezi bbe baakozesa nga buto okugoba amasasi n'emyoyo emibi . [37] Kony y'agamba nti ye mubiri ogwali guyisibwaamu emizimu n'emyoyo okugya kunsi. Mu 2008, bwe yali ayanukula okusaba kwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Yoweri Museveni okwenyigira mu nteeseganya z'emirembe ng'ayita ku ssimu, y'agamba nti, "Nja kwogera ne Museveni nga mpita mu mwoyo emitukuvu so si ku ssimu." [38]

Mu nteeseganya z’emirembe mu 1994, Kony yakulemberwa abasajja abaali mu ngoye nga bamansira amazzi amatukuvu . Okusinziira ku Francis Ongom, eyali omuserikale wa LRA eyeewaggula, Kony "azudde ensonga za Bayibuli ez'okutta abalogo, olw'okutta [abo abalimi oba abalya] embizzi olw'emboozi y'embizzi z'e Gadarene, n'okutta abantu [abalala] kubanga Katonda yakola kye kimu ku mataba ga Nuuwa ne Sodomu ne Ggomola ." [39]

Ebikolwa eri Kony

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Nga tebannaba buyeekera, yatoloka mu 1989 n’agenda e Uganda. Oluvannyuma yawambibwa gavumenti ya Uganda. Yayimbulwa mu 1992 oluvannyuma lwa gavumenti obutakyamutunuulira ng’omuntu ow’entiisa.[40]

Amagye ga Uganda gagezezzaako okutta Kony mu buyeekera bwe bwonna. Mu kaweefube wa Uganda okulondoola Kony, abaali abalwanyi ba LRA bawandiisiddwa okunoonya ebitundu ebyesudde mu CAR, Sudan, ne DRC gye yasemba okulabibwa. [41]

Amagye ga reconnaissance Marine nga gayita mu nkola z’okuzuula akabi n’ekibinja ky’abajaasi ba Uganda, Mu Gwokubiri, 28. Amagye ga Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force ey'e 12 yasindika ttiimu entono ey’abaserikale b’oku mazzi mu Uganda mu Gwokubiri nga 3, okutendeka amagye ga Uganda okulwanirira al-Shabaab mu Somalia n’okuyigga Joseph Kony n’eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army.

Oluvannyuma lw’obulumbaganyi obwaliwo nga Gwekuminoogumu nga 11, Amerika yalonda ekibiina kya LRA ekibinja ky’abatujju.[42] Mu Gwomunaana mu 2008, ekitongole kya Amerika ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyalangirira Kony okubeera nga nalukalala ali kutendera gw'ensi yonna okusinziira ku kiwandiiko ky'abakungu namba 13224 ekiraga eby'enfuna n'ebibonerezo. [43] Mu Gwekumineebiri mu 2008, Pulezidenti wa Amerika George W. Bush yassa omukono ku kiragiro kya Amerika ekiduumira Afrika okuwa gavumenti ya Uganda obuyambi mu by'ensimbi n'enteekateeka mu kiseera ky'olulumba lwa Garamba olwa 2008–2009, olutaatukirira, olwatuumibwa erinnya lyaOperation Lightning Thunder . [44]

Tewali magye ga Amerika geenyigiramu butereevu. Abawabuzi ba Amerika 17 n'abatematema ensonga baawaawo okunoonyereza, ebikola n'amafuta eri banaabwe ab'amagye ga Uganda. Obulumbaganyi buno bwasindikiriza Kony okuva mu nkambi ye ey’omu nsiko, naye teyakwatibwa. Abaana 100 beebataasibwa. [45]

Mu Gwokutaano mu 2010, Pulezidenti Barack Obama yasa omukono ku tteeka erya Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act, [46] etteeka eryagenderera okuyimiriza Kony ne LRA. Ebbago lino lyayisibwa awatali kuwakanya mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Senate nga 11 Ogwokusatu. Nga 12 Ogwokutaano 2010, ekiteeso ky’okuyimiriza amateeka n’okuyisa ebbago lino kyakkirizibwa mu kalulu k’eddoboozi (ebitundu bibiri ku bisatu nga bikkiriza) mu lukiiko lw’ababaka. [47] Mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 2010, Obama yatuusa ekiwandiiko ky’enteekateeka mu lukiiko lw'abakungu nga lusaba ensimbi endala okuggyako Kony ne LRA eby'okulwanyisa. [48]

Mu Gwekumi gwa 2011, Obama yakkiriza okusindika amagye ga Amerika agawera 100 nga galina bulungi eby’okulwanyisa mu masekkati ga Afrika. [49] Ekigendererwa kyabwe kyali kyakuyamba magye g’ekitundu okuggya Kony n’abakulembeze ba LRA abakulu mu bifo ewaali olutalo. Mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikidde abakakiiko ka Congress, Obama yawaandiika nti: "Wadde amagye ga Amerika galina bulungi eby'okulwanyisa, gagenda kuba gawa mawulire, magezi, n'obuyambi bwokka eri amagye g'amawanga ag'enjawulo, era bo bennyini tebajja kungaanga magye ga LRA okuggyako nga kyetaagisa okwelwanako". [50] [51] Nga 3 Ogwokuna 2013, abadukanya emirimu gya Obama baatekawo ekirabo kya 5,000,000 obwa ssente za ddoola za Amerika singa waberawo alina amawulire g'okukwatibwa, okukyusibwa, oba okukwatinwa kwa Kony, Ongwen ne Odhiambo [52] [53] [54] [55]​ [56] Nga 24 Ogwokusatu mu 2014, Amerika yalangirira nti yali yakutwaala eby'okulwanyisa byamirundi enna ebiyitibwa CV-22 Ospreys n'ennyonyi ezijudde amafuta n'amaggye g'omubanga 150 okuyamba mu kukwata Kony.[57]

Omukago gwa Afrika

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Nga 23 Ogwokusatu 2012, omukago gwa Afrika gwalangirira ebigendererwa byagwo "okusindika abajaasi 5,000 okwegatta ku muyiggo gw'omukulembeze w'abayeekera Joseph Kony" n'okumusanyalaza n'okuleetera ekibinja bya LRA okusigala nga tekyeriraanya bantu kuba kino kivunaanyizibwaako mu kutta banaansi 2,600 okuva mu 2008. Ekibiina kino eky'ensi yonna kyali kigambibwa okubeeramu abajaasi "okuva mu Uganda, South Sudan, Central African Republic ne Congo, amawanga obufuzi bwa Kony obw'entiisa mwe bubadde buwulirwa okumala emyaka." Nga kino tekinalangirirwa, okuyigga Kony okusinga kwali kukoleddwa magye okuva mu Uganda. Abajaasi bano baatandika okunoonyereza mu South Sudan nga 24 Gwokusatu 2012, era okunoonyereza kuno "tekugya kugwa okutuusa nga Kony akwatiddwa". [58]

 

Ebipande bya Kony mu 2012

Kony ne LRA baafuna okusindikibwa okwali okwukusaayo omwooyo ku ntandikwa y'Ogwokusatu mu 2012, ekiwandiiko ekyakwatibwa ku katambi nga kya ddakiika 30, Kony 2012, ekyakolebwa omukozi wa ffirimu mu Amerika Jason Russell eri ekibiina kya kakuyege ekiyitibwa Invisible Children, Inc. bwe kyafulumizibwa. [59] Ekigendererwa ky’okufulumya kino kyali kya kussa essira ku Kony mu kaweefube w’okwongera okwenyigira mu Amerika mu nsonga eno n’okukwatibwa kwa Kony ku nkomerero ya 2012. [60]

Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti ekitundu ky'abavubuka abakulu mu Amerika baawulira ku Kony 2012 mu nnaku ezaddirira okufulumizibwa. Nga wayise wiiki eziwera ng’efulumye, ekiteeso ekivumirira Kony n’okuwagira obuyambi bwa Amerika okulwanyisa LRA kyayanjuddwa mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Senate, ne kiyisibwa oluvannyuma lw’emyezi egiwerako. [61] [62] [63][64]​ Kony 2012 evimiriddwa nnyo olw'okufunza ebyafaayo by'obutabanguko bwa LRA, n'okulemererwa okukatiriza nga Kony bwemaali bamaliriza okumusindika okuva mu Uganda emyaka mukaaga nga ffirimu eyo tenakolebwa [65] [66]

Okuwanika kwa Ongwen

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Dominic Ongwen yaweereza ng'omu ku bakulu mu LRA era nga y'omu ku bayambi ba Kony abakulu mu kibiina kino. Yawambibwa ng’akyali mwana muto, yafuuka omujaasi mu LRA, oluvannyuma n’asituka ng’ayita mu nsengeka y’ekibiina. Ongwen yeewaayo eri abakiise ba CAR mu Guwooka gwa 2015, ekyakuba ekonde edene mu kibinja kya Kony. Omwogezi w'amagye ga Uganda Paddy Ankunda yategeezezza nti omukolo guno "guteeka LRA mu mbeera esinga okubeera enzibu" era nti "Kony yekka y'asigadde ng'ayimiridde". [20]

Ku baduumizi ba LRA abataano abavunaanibwa ICC mu 2004, Kony yekka ye yasigala ng’alya butaala mu kiseera ekyo. Nga n'abalwaanyi ekikumi bboka beebasinga basigala nga beesiimbu gy’ali, mu bukyamu kyalowoozebwa nti yali tagenda kusobola kwewala kuwatibwa okumala ebbanga mu banga eritali ddene. [20] Mu Gwokubiri mu 2021, Ongwen yasingisibwa kkooti y'ensi yonna emisango 61, emisango eri abantu n'ebikolobero mu lutalo. [67]

Okusanyalaza LRA n’okuyimirira kwa Amerika

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Mu Gwokuna gwa 2017, amagye ga Uganda ne Amerika gaakomekereza omuyiggo gwa Kony n'ekibinja kye, ng'omwogezi wa Uganda agamba nti, "LRA tekyalina bulabe gye tuli nga Uganda". [19] Mu kiseera ekyo, eggye lye lyali liteeberezebwa okuba nga lyakendeera okutuuka ku bajaasi nga 100. [19]

Gyebamusuubira okubeera kati

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Mu Gwokuna wa 2022, DW News yategeeza nti aba LRA abawerako baagamba nti Kony yeekukumye mu kitundu kya Darfur mu Sudan. Okuva awo, kigambibwa nti yali awa abalwanyi be ebiragiro. Omu ku baali bammemba yategeezezza nti abalwanyi bano baali "baakooye era nga tebalina kigendererwa", era ne bavaawo nga baagala okubeera n'obulamu obwa bulijjo. [68] Kony emabegako yaweebwa obuyambi obw'emmundu n'obuyambi bw'ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva eri eyali pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir . [69]

Mu Gwokuna gwa 2024, kigambibwa nti Kony yasenga mu nkambi eyali mayiro 10 okuva ku kyalo ekyatumibwa Yemen mu Central African Republic. Mu mwezi gwe gumu, bwe baawulira amawulire g’aba LRA 14 okwewaayo eri amagye ga gavumenti, ekibinja kya Wagner Group kyalumba enkambi ya Kony, ekyamuleetera n’abasajja be 71 okudduka nga boolekera Sudan. [70]

 

Ebijuliziddwaamu

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]

Ensengeka y’ebitabo

[kyusa | kolera mu edit source]
  •  
  • . ISBN Jane Bussmann. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  •  
  • . ISBN Matthew Green (journalist). {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  1. ↑ apofeed (2025-01-17). "Questions and answers on the confirmation of charges hearing against Joseph Kony at the International Criminal Court". African Business (in British English). Retrieved 2025-05-30.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Howden, Daniel (8 November 2008). "The deadly cult of Joseph Kony". The Independent. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "independent" defined multiple times with different content
  3. 1 2 "Joseph Kony: Profile of the LRA leader". BBC News. 8 March 2012. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  4. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1017670/Joseph-Kony
  5. ↑ "How a Ugandan rebel leader ended up at the ICC". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  6. ↑ Halliday, Josh (8 March 2012). "Kony 2012 documentary on Ugandan warlord is unlikely viral phenomenon". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  7. ↑ Fischer, Hilke; Wanjohi, Coletta (17 December 2014). "The Lord's Resistance Army". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  8. 1 2 Samura, Sorious (20 August 2012). "Joseph Kony's sister tells of family's 'curse'". Panorama. BBC. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Template:Sfnm Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  10. 1 2 3 4 Briggs, Jimmie (2005). Innocents Lost: When child soldiers go to war. Basic Books. pp. 105–144. ISBN 0-465-00798-8.
  11. ↑ "What is the present government attitude and treatment of members of Acholi tribe". refworld. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  12. ↑ Ruddy Doom and Koen Vlassenroot (1999). "Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda". African Affairs. 98 (390): 5–36. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002. S2CID 111914560.
  13. ↑ "Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command" Template:Webarchive and " A leadership based on claims of divine revelations" Template:Webarchive in IRIN In Depth, June 2007.
  14. ↑ "Joseph Kony is hiding out on Sudan border, report claims". The Guardian. France-Presse. 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  15. ↑ "Four African nations crack down on LRA". BBC News. 16 October 2010. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  16. ↑ "Ugandan army 'kills senior rebel'". BBC News. 13 August 2006. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  17. ↑ Zibwa, Mutai (2 March 2012). "UPDF in Kony hunt accused of rape, looting". The Observer. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  18. ↑ "Joseph Kony: US doubts LRA rebel leader's surrender". BBC News. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Baddorf, Zack (20 April 2017). "Uganda Ends Its Hunt for Joseph Kony Empty-Handed". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2017. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Baddorf" defined multiple times with different content
  20. 1 2 3 4 Smith, David (7 January 2015). "Surrender of senior aide to Joseph Kony is major blow to Lord's Resistance Army". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Smith" defined multiple times with different content
  21. ↑ Mark, Monica (21 November 2013). "Ugandan warlord Joseph Kony 'in talks' with Central African Republic". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  22. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  23. ↑ "Read The Bill: H.R. 2478". GovTrack.us. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  24. ↑ "Wanted: Joseph Kony". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  25. ↑ "Top 10 Most Wanted Criminals in the World 2018". Improb (in American English). 18 December 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  26. ↑ "Top 10 Fugitives in the World Still on the Run". Toptenz.net (in American English). 25 November 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  27. ↑ "Kony's rebels remain a threat, but they're also selling honey to get by | African Arguments" (in British English). 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  28. ↑ "Ugandan army 'kills senior rebel'". BBC News. 13 August 2006. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  29. ↑ "Otti 'executed by Uganda rebels'". BBC News. 21 December 2007. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  30. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Egeland
  31. ↑ Template:YouTube
  32. ↑ "[AlertNet]". Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2007.Template:Subscription required
  33. ↑ Grafe, Malaika (5 March 2024). "ICC judges allow trial against Uganda rebel Joseph Kony to move forward in his absence". Jurist.
  34. ↑ "International Criminal Court to hold first ever in absentia hearing over Ugandan rebel leader Kony". The Associated Press. 4 March 2024.
  35. 1 2 "Religious Beliefs of Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
  36. ↑ Farmar, Sam (28 June 2006). "I will use the Ten Commandments to liberate Uganda". The Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  37. ↑ Boustany, Nora (11 July 2007). "The Woman Behind Uganda's Peace Hopes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  38. ↑ "Uganda: Museveni accepts direct Kony talks". ReliefWeb (in Lungereza). Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  39. ↑ Hitchens, Christopher (January 2006). "Childhood's End". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  40. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfnm
  41. ↑ Gettleman, Jeffrey (10 April 2010). "Uganda Enlists Former Rebels to End a War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  42. ↑ Philip T. Reeker (6 December 2001). "Statement on the Designation of 39 Organizations on the USA PATRIOT Act's Terrorist Exclusion List". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  43. ↑ "In the Matter of the Designation of: Joseph Kony as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Pursuant to Section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224, as Amended". Federal Register. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  44. ↑ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schmitt, Eric (6 February 2009). "U.S. Aided a Failed Plan to Rout Ugandan Rebels". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  45. ↑ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schmitt, Eric (6 February 2009). "U.S. Aided a Failed Plan to Rout Ugandan Rebels". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  46. ↑ "LRA Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act of 2009". Resolve Uganda. 24 May 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011.
  47. ↑ 2010 Congressional Record, Page H3416.
  48. ↑ Kavanagh, Michael J. (25 November 2010). "Obama Administration Asks for Funds to Boost Uganda's Fight Against Rebels". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  49. ↑ Gerson, Michael (26 January 2011). "Joseph Kony and the international effort to bring him to justice". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  50. ↑ Jackson, David (14 October 2011). "Obama dispatches 100 troops to Africa". USA Today. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  51. ↑ Tapper, Jake (14 October 2011). "Obama Sends 100 US Troops to Uganda to Help Combat Lord's Resistance Army". ABC News. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  52. ↑ Levy, Gabrielle (3 April 2013). "$5 million bounty offered for Joseph Kony". United Press International. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  53. ↑ Levy, Gabrielle (3 April 2013). "$5 million bounty offered for Joseph Kony". United Press International. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  54. ↑ "Wanted: Joseph Kony". Office of Global Criminal Justice. United States Department of State. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  55. ↑ "Wanted: Dominic Ongwen". Office of Global Criminal Justice. United States Department of State. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  56. ↑ "Wanted: Okot Odhiambo". Office of Global Criminal Justice. United States Department of State. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  57. ↑ "Joseph Kony: US military planes to hunt LRA leader". BBC. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  58. ↑ Muhumuza, Rodney (23 March 2012). "Kony 2012: African Union ramps up hunt for Uganda rebel leader in wake of viral video". Toronto Star. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  59. ↑ Ngak, Chenda (8 March 2012). "Invisible Children's "Kony 2012" viral video stirs emotion and controversy". CBS News. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  60. ↑ Myers, Julia (7 March 2012). "A call for justice". The Kentucky Kernel. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  61. ↑ "My star in the sky: Movie screening and reception".
  62. ↑ Kanczula, Antonia (20 April 2012). "Kony 2012 in numbers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  63. ↑ Curtis, Polly; McCarthy, Tom (20 April 2012). "Kony 2012: what happens next?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  64. ↑ Cox, Ramsey (3 August 2012). "Senate passes resolution condemning Joseph Kony". TheHill. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  65. ↑ Pflanz, Mike (8 March 2012). "Joseph Kony 2012: growing outrage in Uganda over film". The Daily Telegraph (in British English). ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  66. ↑ Curtis, Polly; MacCarthy, Tom (8 March 2014). "Kony 2012 – What's the story?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  67. ↑ "Dominic Ongwen declared guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Uganda". International Criminal Court. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  68. ↑ "Is Joseph Kony hiding in Darfur? – DW – 04/14/2022". dw.com (in Lungereza). Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  69. ↑ "Uganda: Joseph Kony, the one that got away". The Africa Report.com (in American English). 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  70. ↑ Bishop, Mac William (27 April 2024). "Russian Mercenaries Hunt the African Warlord America Couldn't Catch". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
Bino bigyidwa ku "https://lg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Kony&oldid=38890"