Mars

Mars ye sseŋŋendo ey'okuna okuva mu kafo awali enjuba, era emanyiddwa nga Red Planet, olw'endabika yaayo erimu olumyufu. Yo ekoleddwa ddungu eribunye enjazi n'omukka gu Carbon dioxide omutonotono mu bwengula bwayo. Oluwewo olugikuntirako lutono nnyo; n'eyaawano erukubisaamu emirundi egitemera mu nkumi. Ebbugumu lyayo nalyo ttono, nga liva ku ddiguli -153 ku 20 °C (−243 ku 68 °F).^[1] Ng'oggyeeko amaloboozi agatambula mu kasoobo, emisinde gy’ekintu mu bwengula bwayo giba gya waggulu olw'amaanyi ga Gravitational Force amatono g'erina. Gano gakola ebitundu 38% byokka, kw'ago agali wano.

Entonda yaayo

Mars yatondebwa obuwumbi bw’emyaka 4½ egiyise. Mu kiseera ekyo ekyakazibwako Noachian Period ekyatambula okutuuka ku myaka obuwumbi 3½ egiyise, yatomerwanga ebiyinja by'omubwengula, ebiwonvu ne byekola, okukulugguka kw’ettaka, n'ennyanja ne zimerukako. Yafiirwa amaanyi agagitangira okutomerwa ebibajjo by'ebintu ebiba byetawula mu bwengula. Mu kiseera ki Hesperian, ekyava ku buwumbi bw'emyaka 3½ ku 3 egiyise, ensozi zaayo eziwerako zaabimbulukuka, n'amataba gaazibikira emiwaatwa eminene. Olwo ekiseera ekyatuumibwa Amazon ekigenda mu maaso n’okutuusa kati, kye kikyasinze okubaamu enkyukakyuka entono.

Ebigikwatako

Mars erina amazzi amasaamusaamu ku ttaka ne mu bwengula, agakola ebire ebiyitibwa Cirrus. Ebitundu byayo ebimu biba ne sizoni mwe bibuna omuzira gwa Carbon dioxide, naye nga tegusaanuuka kukola mazzi agakulukuta, wabula okufuumuuka. Wadde amaanyi gaayo ga Gravity gali kimu kyakusatu ku gali wano, gakubisa ku g'omwezi emirundi ebiri. Okufuna obunene bwa Mars, osalamu ensi yaffe ebitundu bibiri, wabula ate ekubisa mu mwezi emirundi ebiri. Okuva ku ngulu okutuuka mu masekkati ag'omunda (diameter), waliwo kilomita 6,779 oba mayiro 4,212. Obugazi bwayo bwenkanankana obw'ettaka lyonna ekkalu ery’ensi.

Empewo ey'olusaagirizo bulijjo esiikuula enfuufu empitirivu olw'amaanyi ga Mars amatono agagiwewula n'ekunta okumala ssabbiiti eziwerako. Obutonde bw'ambuka gaayo bwawukana ku buli mu maserengeta — ekitundu eky'amambuka okusinga kirimu ebiwonvu eby'omiseetwe emiwanvu. N’ekitundu eky’omumaserengeta kya nsozi ezibunyeeko ebinnya ebyefaananyiriza ebidiba.^[2] Ku yo kuliko n'ensozi ezaali ez'ekipuluko, era olusinga obuwanvu lwe Olympus Mons, oluweza kilomita 21.9 oba mayiro 13.6. Lwo lumu ku zisinga okukola ebiwonvu ebigazi mu busangiro bw'enjuba yaffe, gamba, ki Valles Marineris ekiweza kilomita 4,000 oba mayiro 2,500.

Mars erina emyezi (moons) ebiri, Phobos ne Deimos, nga mitono era tegirina nkula eteredde. Nga Earth bwe yeesulikidde ku ddiguli 23.5, Mars nayo yawugukamu era yeetooloola yeekubidde ku ddiguli 25, ekigisobozesa okuba ne sizoni. Yo erwawo okumalayo enjuba, kale omwaka gwayo gwenkana egyaffe egikunukkiriza ebiri [ennaku zaawano 687]. So ate olunaku lwayo luwanvuko, nga lulimu essaawa 24 n'eddakiika 36, okwawukana ku za Earth ezirimu essaawa 23 n'eddakiika 56. Musisi aba awulirwa bulungi ku pulaneti eno ng'awulugumya ettaka newankubadde aba mutono.

Mars n'omuntu

Olw’engeri gy'erabika mu bwengula ng’emmunyeenye emmyufu oluusi eyakitaka, Mars ezze erengerwa ne mu biseera ebikadde — ne kitondawo enkolagana ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa obutali bumu. Mu 1963, ekizungirizi ekyasooka okugenda ku Mars kyayitibwa Mars 1, wabula empuliziganya yakyankalana nga kiri mu lugendo. Okunoonyereza okwasooka okwakolebwa obulungi kwaliwo mu 1965 n'ekizungirizi ki Mariner 4. Olwo mu 1971, Mariner 9 yeesogga obwengula bwayo, ne kiba ekizungirizi ekyasooka okwetooloola ekintu mu bwengula ekitali mwezi oba ensi. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, mwe mwali Mars 2 ekyasooka okutuukayo mu ngeri etaliiko kuvugibwa, ne Mars 3 ekyasooka okutuulayo.

Ebyuma ebikebera (probes) bibadde bikola ku Mars obutawummula okuva mu 1997; n'olumu ebisukka mu 10 bikola omulundi gumu mu bwengula bwayo ne ku ttaka.^[3] Mu nteekateeka ezikulemberwa sseggagga Elon Musk, eno esuubirwa okubaako abantu gye bujja wadde nga tewali misoni n'emu eyaategekeddwa. Olw’ebyafaayo bya Mars, obusobozi bwayo okubaako obulamu mu biseera ebyayita n'ebiriwo, kintu ekikyakolebwako okunoonyereza okunnyikivu n'essaawa ya kaakati. Kyogerwa nti yandiba ensibuko y'obumenke wadde nga bannassaayansi abamu bagamba nti buva mu ssemayanja ezaawano.

Ebisingawo: Emmyanso: The Illumination

↑ Mars: Facts - NASA Science https://science.nasa.gov/mars/facts/#h-atmosphere
↑ Rees MJ, ed. (October 2012). Universe: The Definitive Visual Guide. New York: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-0-7566-9841-6.
↑ "Constraints on the pre-impact orbits of Solar system giant impactors | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Oxford Academic" https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/474/3/2924/4628057?login=false

[1] Mars: Facts - NASA Science https://science.nasa.gov/mars/facts/#h-atmosphere

[2] Rees MJ, ed. (October 2012). Universe: The Definitive Visual Guide. New York: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-0-7566-9841-6.

[3] "Constraints on the pre-impact orbits of Solar system giant impactors | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Oxford Academic" https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/474/3/2924/4628057?login=false

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