Nabbirye w'Ekitangaala

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Nabbirye w'ekitangaala (the duality of Light) .

Ekitangaala lubugumu (radiation) lwa erakitomagineeti oba kiyite omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti, olulina obuwanvu bw’ejjengo (wavelength) obusobozesa eriiso ly’omuntu okulaba ekitangaala kino.

Mu kitangaala kye tulaba okuva mu bwengula namwo mulimu okukontana kubanga ekitangaala kibaamu “empalirizo ey’erakitomagineeti” era eyitibwa "empalirizo y'omugendo gw'amasannyalaze ne magineeti" (elactomagnetic force) erimu kyagi eya pozitiivu ne kyagi eya negatiivu oba ka tugambe ekisannyalazo ekya pozitiivu n'ekya negatiivu.

Ekisinga okwewuunyisa kwe kuba nga ekitangaala kitambula mu ngeri bbiri; kitambula ng’ejjengo (wave) ate ne kitambula nga obupaketi bw’ekitangaala (packets of light) obuyitibwa obupoto (photons).Okwo nakwo kukontana .Obupaketi (packets) buno era munnasayansi abuyita obutoniinya (obusirikitu) oba obutiniinya (obusirikitu ennyo).

Ekitangaala nga kitambulira mu bupaketi obusirikitu obuyitibwa obupoto (photons), kirina enneeyisa bbiri:

(i) Amayengo (waves)

(ii) Obupatiki (Packets/particles)obuyitibwa obipoto(photons).

Kino kye kiyitibwa nabbirye w’amayengo ne patiki (the wave–particle duality).

Ebisibukamu ekitangaala bya ngeri nnyigi okutandika ne nabbugumya enzitoya (a mass/body) ku tempulikya engere efulumya ekika ky’olubugumu lw’enzitoya enzirugavu (black-body radiation). Ebyokulabirako by’ekitangaala ekiva mu nabbugumya mulimu enjuba; balibu z’amasannyalaze eza nabbugumya (incandenscent light bulbs) ezifulumya ekitundu ekisinga obunenene eky’amasoboza nga kiri mabega wa mmyufu (infrared) ku ndaga y'omugendo gw'amasannyalaze n'ebyebulungulo bya magineeti ate ng’ekitangaala ekirabika kye kisinga obutono, ne patike ezengeredde (glowing) mu muliro.

Ekitangaala ekiva ku njuba kitundu kya masoboza (energy) agatambulira mu mayengo aga erakitomagineeti (electromagnetic waves). Tulina okumanya nti ekitangaala ekirabika (visible light) kitundubutundu ku ndaga ya erakitomagineeti. Endaga ya erakitomagineeti (electromagnetic spectrum) ge masoboza (energy) agatambulira mu mayengo (waves) agalimu olubugumu (radiation) olulina enziring’ana (frequency) ez’enjawulo, olw’amasoboza ageyolekera mu buwanvu bw’amayengo (wavelengths) obw’enjawulo. Laba endaga ya erakitomagineeti (electromagnetic spectrum) wano:

Mu butuufu okukontana okuli mu kitangaala ekiva mu bwengula (ekiva ku njuba) kweyolekera mu kuba nti ekitangaala kirina enkula bbiri:

• Ekitangaala kyeyoleka nga patiki (particles) oba obupaketi bw’ekitangaala (packets of light) obuyitibwa obupoto (photon), ate era

• Ne kyeyoleka ng’ejjengo (wave) eritambulira mu layini engolokofu. Kino nakyo kiwulikika nga kukontana kubanga kikuleetera okwebuuza nti amayengo agegonyola (transverse waves) ate gatambulira gatya mu layini engolokofu (straight line)?

Abagereeki abedda be basooka okugereesa oba okuteebeleza nti ekitangaala kiba kisaaganda kya patiki (stream of particles) obutini ennyo/obusirikitu (microscopic) yadde nga tewali yali alabye ku patiki za kitangaala.

Ekirowoozo ky’ekitangaala okuba ejjengo kyatandika na Christian Huygens mu 1600 eyagamba nti ekitangaala kyeyisa ng’ejjengo mu kifo ky’ekisaaganda kya patiki. Bakakensa b’omulembe guno bakkaanya nti ekitangaala kiri byombi, kyeyisa ng’ejjengo ate era kisaaganda kya patiki.

Amayengo gonna masoboza (energy) agali mu mugendo (omugendo gw’amakasoboza). Bwe twoogera ku “omugendo” mu sayansi tuba tetutegeeza kibiina kya byabufuzi, naye tuba tutegeeza ekimu ku bino:

• Omugendo gw’amasanyalaze (current)

• Omugendo gw’amasoboza (movement of energy)

• Omugendo gw’ekitangaala (Light rays)

Okutegeera engeri omugendo gw’ekitangaala gye gutambulamu ng’ejjengo, olina okunnyonyoka ejjengo eriyita mu mazzi engeri gye lyeyisaamu.

Ejjengo ly’amazzi guba mugendo gw’amasoboza agatambula okuyita mu mazzi. Amazzi omuyita amayengo gano go gaba tegatambula, gasigala mu kifo kimu ejjengo n’amasoboza gaalyo we liba ligasanze. Ejjengo lye liba litambula oba lye liba liyita kyokka ffe tulowooza nti amazzi gaba gakulukuta.

Bw’oteeka ekigere kyo mu mazzi, otondekawo ejjengo kubanga otadde amasoboza (energy) agakulimu mu mazzi. Amasoboza gano gayita mu mazzi mu kifaananyi ky’ejjengo. Mu butuufu amayengo gonna gaba masoboza agaba gayita era gatera okuyita mu muyitiro/omukutu (medium).

Ejjengo ly’amazzi libaamu molekyu z’amazzi ezijugumira (vibrate) nga zidda waggulu ne wansi ku ppeto eryesimbu (right angle) okudda ejjengo gye liraga. Ejjengo ery’ekika kino liyitibwa ejjengo elyegonyola (transeverse wave).