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Ekigere ky’omuzannyi ekimanyiddwa mu by’obujjanjabi nga tinea pedis, bulwadde bwa lususu obutera okukwatibwa ebigere obuva ku ffene.[1] Obubonero n’obubonero butera okuli okusiiwa, okusiiyibwa, okwatika n’okumyuuka.[2] Mu mbeera ezitali nnyingi olususu luyinza okuvaamu ebizimba.[3] Enkwaso y’ekigere ky’omuzannyi eyinza okukwata ekitundu kyonna eky’ekigere, naye esinga kukula wakati w’obugere.[4] Ekitundu ekiddako ekisinga okubeera wansi ye wansi w’ekigere.[5] Enkwaso y’emu era eyinza okukosa emisumaali oba emikono.[6] Kibeera mu kibinja ky’endwadde ezimanyiddwa nga tinea.[7]

Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kiva ku buwuka obw’enjawulo,[8]omuli ebika bya Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, ne Microsporum.[9] Embeera eno etera okufunibwa nga ekwatagana n’olususu olulina obuwuka, oba ffene mu butonde.[10] Ebifo ebya bulijjo ffene w’asobola okuwangaala byetoolodde ebidiba ebiwugirwamu ne mu loogi.[11] Era ziyinza okusaasaana okuva mu bisolo ebirala.[12] Ebiseera ebisinga okuzuula obulwadde bukolebwa okusinziira ku bubonero n’obubonero; wabula, kiyinza okukakasibwa oba nga tuyita mu butonde oba okulaba ebiwuka ebiyitibwa hyphae nga tukozesa microscope.[13]

Ekigere ky’omuzannyi tekikoma ku bannabyamizannyo bokka: kiyinza okuva ku kugenda nga tolina ngatto mu kunaaba mu lujjudde, okuleka enjala z’ebigere okukula ennyo, okwambala engatto ezinywezeddwa ennyo, oba obutakyusa masokisi buli lunaku.[14][[15] Kiyinza okujjanjabibwa n’eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa ku mubiri nga clotrimazole oba, ku yinfekisoni ezitaggwaawo, nga tukozesa eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa mu kamwa nga terbinafine.[16][17]Ebizigo ebiteekebwa ku mubiri bitera okukozesebwa okumala wiiki nnya.[18] Okukuuma ebigere ebirimu obuwuka nga bikalu n’okwambala engatto nakyo kiyamba mu kujjanjaba.[19]

Ekigere ky'omuzannyi kyasooka kunnyonnyolwa mu by'obujjanjabi mu 1908.[20] Mu nsi yonna, ekigere ky’omuzannyi kikosa abantu nga 15%.[21] Ensajja zitera okukosebwa okusinga enkazi.[22] Businga kubeera mu baana abakulu oba abantu abato.[23] Mu byafaayo kirowoozebwa nti yali mbeera etatera kubaawo eyafuuka ey’amaanyi mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri olw’okukozesa ennyo engatto, emiggo gy’ebyobulamu, entalo, n’okutambula.[24]

Ekigere ky'omuzannyi kyawulwamu ebika oba ennyanjula bina: ekigere ekitawona wakati wa digito, eky'omu bigere (ekizimba ekitawona; aka "ekigere kya moccasin"), eky'amabwa amangi[25] ne vesiculobullous.[26][27][28] "Interdigital" kitegeeza wakati w'engalo. "Plantar" wano kitegeeza enkovu y'ekigere. Embeera y’amabwa erimu ebiwundu ebifumbiddwa nga biriko ensalosalo eziriko ebikuta.[29] Maceration kwe kugonza n’okumenya olususu olw’okubeera ennyo mu bunnyogovu. Obulwadde bwa vesiculobullous kika kya bulwadde bwa mucocutaneous obumanyiddwa nga vesicles ne bullae (blisters). Ebiwuka byombi n’ebiwuka ebiyitibwa bullae biwundu ebijjudde amazzi, era byawulwamu obunene (ebiwujjo biba wansi wa mm 5 ate bullae nga binene okusinga mm 5, okusinziira ku nnyonyola ki ekozesebwa).[30]

Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kisinga kubeerawo wakati w’obugere (interdigital), ng’ekifo wakati wa digito ey’okuna n’ey’okutaano (ekigere ekitono n’ekigere eky’omu maaso) kye kisinga okukosebwa.[31][32][33] Emisango gy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi wa interdigital ekiva ku Trichophyton rubrum giyinza obutaba na bubonero, giyinza okusiiwa, oba olususu wakati w’obugere luyinza okulabika ng’olumyufu oba oluliko amabwa (oluliko ebikuta, olufuukuuse, oba olugonvu era nga lweru singa olususu lubadde lukuumibwa nga lubisi),[34][35][9][10] nga lusiiyibwa oba nga terusiiwa. Enkyukakyuka ya acute ulcerative variant of interdigital athlete’s foot ereetebwa T. mentagrophytes emanyiddwa nga obulumi, maceration of the skin, okukulugguka n’okukutuka kw’olususu, crusting, n’okuwunya olw’okukwatibwa obuwuka obw’okubiri.[36]

Ekigere ky’omuzannyi w’ebigere (ekigere kya moccasin) nakyo kiva ku T. rubrum ekitera okuvaako ebikuta ebitaliimu bubonero, ebimyufu katono (ebitundu by’olususu ebimyufu) okutondebwa ku ngulu w’ekigere (sole) y’ekigere ebitera okubikkibwako ebisusunku ebirungi, ebiringa pawuda ebiyitibwa hyperkeratotic scales.[37][38] Ekika ky’ekigere ky’omuzannyi ekiyitibwa vesiculobullous tekitera kubaawo era kitera kuva ku T. mentagrophytes era kimanyiddwa ng’okubutuka okw’amangu okw’ebizimba ebisiiwa n’ebizimba ku musingi ogw’ekika kya erythematous,[39] ebiseera ebisinga birabika ku nseko y’ekigere. Ekika kino ekitono eky’ekigere ky’omuzannyi kitera okukaluba olw’okukwatibwa obuwuka obw’okubiri obuva ku Streptococcus pyogenes oba Staphylococcus aureus.[40]

Ebizibu ebivaamu

Obulwadde bwe bugenda bweyongera, olususu luyinza okwatika, ekivaako obuwuka okukwatibwa olususu[41] n’okuzimba emisuwa gy’amazzi.[42] Singa kikkirizibwa okukula okumala ebbanga eddene, ffene w’ebigere by’omuzannyi ayinza okusaasaana okusiiga enjala z’ebigere,[43] nga zirya keratin mu zo, embeera eyitibwa onychomycosis.[44]

Olw’okuba ekigere ky’omuzannyi kiyinza okusiiwa, kiyinza n’okuleeta ekifaananyi ky’okukunya, ekivaako oyo akyaza okukunya ekitundu ekirimu akawuka nga tebannakitegeera. Okukunya kuyinza okwongera okwonoona olususu n’okwonoona embeera nga kisobozesa ffene okwanguyirwa okusaasaana n’okukula obulungi. Okusiiwa okukwatagana n’ekigere ky’omuzannyi kuyinza okuba okw’amaanyi ennyo ne kiba nti kuyinza okuleetera abakyaza okukunya n’amaanyi ekimala okuleeta ebiwundu (ebiwundu ebiggule), ebiyinza okukwatibwa obuwuka. Okwongera okukunya kiyinza okuggyawo ebikuta, ne kiziyiza enkola y’okuwona. Okusika ebitundu ebirimu obuwuka nakyo kiyinza okusaasaanya ffene ku ngalo ne wansi w’enjala. Singa tenaazibwa mangu, kiyinza okusiiga engalo n’enjala, ne kikula mu lususu ne mu misumaali (si wansi wokka). Oluvannyuma lw’okusenya, busobola okusaasaana buli muntu gy’akwatako, omuli ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala ne mu mbeera z’omuntu. Okukunya nakyo kireetera ebisusunku by’olususu ebirimu obuwuka okugwa mu mbeera y’omuntu, ekivaako okwongera okusaasaana. Enkwaso z’ebigere by’omuzannyi oba obutundutundu bw’olususu obulimu obuwuka bwe busaasaana mu mbeera y’omuntu (nga mu ngoye, engatto, ekinabiro n’ebirala) ka kibeere nga buyita mu kukunya, okugwa, oba okusiiga, tebukoma ku kusiiga bantu balala, era busobola okuddamu okusiiga (oba okwongera okusiiga) omugenyi gwe baava. Okugeza ebigere ebirimu obuwuka biyingira mu masokisi n’engatto z’omuntu ekyongera okulaga ebigere ku ffene n’obuwuka bwayo nga bizzeemu okwambala.[citation yeetaagibwa].

Obwangu ffene bw’asaasaana mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala (ku ngalo z’omuntu) buleeta ekizibu ekirala. Enkwaso bw’esaasaana mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala, kyangu okusaasaana okudda mu bigere ng’ebigere bimaze okujjanjabwa. Era olw’okuba embeera eno eyitibwa ekintu ekirala mu buli kifo ky’ekwata (e.g., tinea corporis (ringworm) oba tinea cruris (jock itch)), abantu abakwatibwa bayinza obutamanya nti bulwadde bwe bumu.[citation yeetaagibwa].

Abantu abamu bayinza okufuna alergy eri ffene eyitibwa id reaction nga mu kino ebizimba oba ebizimba bisobola okulabika mu bitundu nga emikono, ekifuba, n’emikono.[45] Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde obusirikitu butera okuvaamu okubula kw’enkola ya id.[46]

Ebivaako

Ekigere ky’omuzannyi ngeri ya dermatophytosis (fungal infection of the skin), ekiva ku dermatophytes, fungi (ezisinga za kikuta) ezibeera mu layers z’olususu ezifu ne zigaaya keratin.[47] Dermatophytes zibeera anthropophilic, ekitegeeza nti ffene zino eziwuka zisinga kwagala biwuka bya bantu. Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kisinga kuva ku bikuta ebimanyiddwa nga Trichophyton rubrum ne T. mentagrophytes,[48] naye era kiyinza okuva ku Epidermophyton floccosum.[49][50] Emisango egisinga egy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi mu bantu bonna giva ku T. rubrum; wabula, ebigere by’omuzannyi ebisinga obungi mu bannabyamizannyo biva ku T. mentagrophytes.[51]

Okutambuza amawulire

Okusinziira ku kitongole ky'ebyobulamu ekya Bungereza, "Ekigere ky'omuzannyi kikwata nnyo era kisobola okusaasaana okuyita mu kukwatagana obutereevu n'obutatereevu."[52] Obulwadde buno buyinza okusaasaana butereevu mu balala nga bakwata ku bulwadde buno. Abantu basobola okukwatibwa obulwadde buno mu ngeri etali butereevu nga bakwatagana n’ebintu ebirimu obucaafu (engoye, obutambaala n’ebirala) oba ku bintu ebiri kungulu (nga wansi mu kinaabiro, eky’okunaabiramu, oba mu loogi). Enkwaso ezireeta ekigere ky’omuzannyi zisobola bulungi okusaasaana mu butonde bw’omuntu. Enkwaso zisiiga engalo n’ebigere ebitaliiko kintu kyonna, naye era zitambula ku butoffaali bw’olususu obufu obugwa buli kiseera okuva ku mubiri. Enkwaso z’ebigere by’omuzannyi n’obutundutundu n’ebikuta by’olususu ebirimu obuwuka biyinza okusaasaana mu masokisi, engatto, engoye, eri abantu abalala, ebisolo by’omu nnyumba (nga bayita mu kusiimuula), ebitanda, bbaafu, ensuwa, sinki, kkawunta, obutambaala, rugs, wansi, ne kapeti.

Enkwaso eno bw’eba esaasaanidde mu bisolo by’omu nnyumba, oluvannyuma esobola okusaasaana mu ngalo n’engalo z’abantu abaziweeweeta. Singa ekisolo ky’omu nnyumba kitera okweluma, kiyinza obutaba nkwaso kye kikwatako, kiyinza okuba okusiiwa okutakkuta okwa tinea.

Engeri emu ey’okukwatibwa ekigere ky’omuzannyi kwe kusooka okufuna obulwadde bwa ffene awalala ku mubiri. Enkwaso ezireeta ekigere ky’omuzannyi ziyinza okusaasaana okuva mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala okutuuka ku bigere, ebiseera ebisinga ng’okwata oba okusika ekitundu ekikosebwa, bwe kityo ffene n’afuna ku ngalo, n’oluvannyuma n’okwata oba okusika ebigere. Wadde nga ffene asigala nga y’emu, erinnya ly’embeera likyuka okusinziira ku kifo obuwuka we bubeera ku mubiri. Okugeza, yinfekisoni eno emanyiddwa nga tinea corporis ("ringworm") nga omubiri oba ebitundu by'omubiri bikosebwa oba tinea cruris (jock itch oba dhobi itch) nga ekisambi kikoseddwa. Engoye (oba engatto), ebbugumu ly’omubiri, n’entuuyo bisobola okukuuma olususu nga lubuguma era nga lunnyogovu, embeera yokka ffene gye yeetaaga okukula obulungi.

Ensonga ezireeta akabi

Ng’oggyeeko okubeera mu ngeri yonna ey’okubunyisa obulwadde obwanjuddwa waggulu, waliwo ebintu ebirala eby’obulabe eby’okwongera ku mikisa gy’omuntu okukwatibwa ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Abantu ababadde n’ekigere ky’omuzannyi emabegako batera okukwatibwa obulwadde buno okusinga abo abatalina. Abantu abakulu batera okukwata ekigere ky’omuzannyi okusinga abaana. Abasajja balina emikisa mingi egy’okufuna ekigere ky’omuzannyi okusinga abakazi.[53] Abantu abalina obulwadde bwa sukaali oba abaserikale b’omubiri abanafuye[54] batera okukwatibwa obulwadde buno. Akawuka ka siriimu kalemesa abaserikale b’omubiri n’okwongera obulabe bw’okufuna ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Hyperhidrosis (okutuuyana okweyongera mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo) kyongera obulabe bw’okukwatibwa obulwadde era kizibuwalira obujjanjabi.[55]

Okuzuula obulwadde

Okulaba microscopic ku ffene w’ebigere by’omuzannyi eyakuzibwa

Bw’oba ​​ogenda ew’omusawo, enkola enkulu ey’okuzuula obulwadde ekola. Kuno kw’ogatta okukebera ebyafaayo by’obujjanjabi bw’omulwadde n’ebiwandiiko by’obujjanjabi okuzuula ebiyinza okuvaako akabi,[56] okubuuza ebibuuzo omusawo omusawo mw’abuuza ebibuuzo (nga ebikwata ku kusiiwa n’okukunya), n’okukeberebwa omubiri.[57] Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kitera okuzuulibwa ng’okebera olususu n’amaaso n’okuzuula obubonero obutalabika nnyo ng’okusiiwa kw’ekitundu ekikosebwa.

Singa okuzuula tekukakafu, okukebera obutereevu ekirungo kya potassium hydroxide ekitegekeddwa eky’okusenya olususu (ekimanyiddwa nga okukebera KOH) kuyinza okukakasa okuzuula ekigere ky’omuzannyi n’okuyamba okugaana ebizibu ebirala ebiyinza okuvaako, gamba nga kandida, pitted keratolysis, erythrasma, contact dermatitis, eczema, oba psoriasis.[5][4][10] Dermatophytes ezimanyiddwa okuleeta ekigere ky’omuzannyi zijja kulaga multiple septate branching hyphae ku microscopy.[58]

Ettaala ya Wood (ekitangaala ekiddugavu), wadde nga kya mugaso mu kuzuula yinfekisoni za ffene ez’olususu lw’oku mutwe (tinea capitis), tetera kuyamba mu kuzuula kigere kya munnabyamizannyo, okuva ensusu ezimanyiddwa ennyo ezireeta obulwadde buno bwe zitayaka wansi w’ekitangaala kya ultraviolet.[59]

Okuziyiza

Waliwo enkola eziwerako ezitangira obuyonjo bw’ebigere eziyinza okuziyiza ekigere ky’omuzannyi n’okukendeeza ku kuddamu. Ebimu ku bino mulimu: okukuuma ebigere nga bikalu; okusala enjala z’ebigere nga zimpi; okukozesa ekyuma ekisala emisumaali eky’enjawulo ku nviiri z’ebigere ezirimu obuwuka; okukozesa obugatto obukoleddwa mu ppamba ayingiza empewo ennungi oba ebintu ebikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’ekikugu ebiggyamu obunnyogovu (okunnyika obunnyogovu okuva ku lususu okuyamba okulukuuma nga nkalu); okwewala engatto ezikwatagana obulungi; okukyusa obugatto emirundi mingi; n’okwambala engatto ng’otambula mu bifo eby’awamu nga jjiimu n’ebisenge eby’okwambala.[60][61][62][63]

Okusinziira ku kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde, "Emisumaali girina okusalibwako emimpi ne gikuumibwa nga miyonjo. Emisumaali gisobola okubeera n'ebimera ebiyitibwa spr.okusaasaanya obuwuka."[64] Okuddamu kw'ekigere ky'omuzannyi kuyinza okuziyizibwa nga bakozesa butto atta obuwuka ku bigere.[65]

Enkwaso (ebikuta) ebivaako ekigere ky’omuzannyi yeetaaga ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu okusobola okuwangaala n’okukula. Waliwo obulabe obweyongera obw’okukwatibwa endwadde nga omuntu alina embeera ebuguma, ennyogovu (e.g., engatto eziziba —engatto oba bbuutu ezizingira ebigere) ne mu bifo ebirimu obunnyogovu nga bagabana nga ensuwa ez’awamu, ebidiba ebigabana, n’ebifo eby’okujjanjaba.[66] Chlorine bleach ddagala eritta obuwuka era ery’okuyonja awaka erya bulijjo litta ekikuta. Okwoza ebifo n’eddagala lya chlorine bleach solution kiziyiza obulwadde okusaasaana olw’okukwatagana oluvannyuma. Okwoza bbaafu, ensuwa, wansi w’ekinabiro, sinki ne counter n’eddagala lya bleach kiyamba okutangira obulwadde buno okusaasaana omuli okuddamu okukwatibwa.

Okukuuma amasokisi n’engatto nga biyonjo (nga okozesa bleach mu kunaaba) y’emu ku ngeri y’okuziyiza ffene okukwata n’okusaasaana, wamu n’okwewala okugabana engatto n’obutambaala mu kiseera ky’obulwadde bwa ffene obukola.

Obujjanjabi

Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kiwona awatali ddagala mu bitundu 30 ku 40%.[67] Eddagala eritta obuwuka eriweebwa ku mubiri bulijjo livaamu emiwendo egy’okuwona egy’oku waggulu ennyo.[68]

Obujjanjabi obwa bulijjo butera okuzingiramu okunaaba obulungi ebigere buli lunaku oba emirundi ebiri buli lunaku, n’oluvannyuma okusiiga eddagala erissiddwa ku mubiri. Olw’okuba layers z’olususu ez’ebweru zoonoonese era nga zitera okuddamu okukwatibwa, okutwalira awamu obujjanjabi obw’okussa ku mubiri bugenda mu maaso okutuusa nga layers zonna ez’olususu zikyusiddwa, nga wayise wiiki nga 2 ku 6 ng’obubonero buweddewo. Okukuuma ebigere nga bikalu n’okukola obuyonjo obulungi (nga bwe kyayogerwako mu kitundu waggulu ku kuziyiza) kikulu nnyo mu kutta enkwa n’okuziyiza okuddamu okukwatibwa.

Okujjanjaba ebigere tekimala bulijjo. Amasokisi oba engatto bwe zimala okukwatibwa ffene, okuddamu okuzambala kiyinza okuddamu okusiiga (oba okwongera okusiiga) ebigere. Amasokisi gasobola okuyonjebwa obulungi mu kunaaba nga oteekamu bleach oba nga onaaba mu mazzi aga 60 °C (140 °F).[69]

Okusobola okukola obulungi, obujjanjabi buzingiramu ebitundu byonna ebirimu obuwuka (nga enjala z’ebigere, emikono, omubiri n’ebirala). Bwe kitaba ekyo, obulwadde buno buyinza okweyongera okusaasaana, omuli n’okudda mu bitundu ebijjanjabiddwa. Okugeza, okuleka obulwadde bwa ffene ku musumaali nga tebujjanjabiddwa kiyinza okugusobozesa okusaasaana okudda mu kigere ekisigadde, okuddamu okufuuka ekigere ky’omuzannyi.

Okwekenenya okutegekeddwa kwazuula nti allylamines nga terbinafine tezikola bulungi okusinga azoles mu kujjanjaba ekigere ky’omuzannyi.[70]

Obulwadde bw’olususu bwa ffene obw’amaanyi oba obuwangaala buyinza okwetaagisa okujjanjabwa n’eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa mu kamwa.

Obujjanjabi obukozesebwa ku mubiri

Waliwo eddagala lingi eritta obuwuka eriweebwa ku mubiri ery’omugaso mu kujjanjaba ekigere ky’omuzannyi omuli: miconazole nitrate, clotrimazole, tolnaftate (thiocarbamate ekoleddwa), terbinafine hydrochloride,[71] butenafine hydrochloride ne undecylenic acid. Obulwadde bwa ffene buyinza okujjanjabwa n’eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa ku mubiri, eriyinza okubeera mu ngeri y’okufuuyira, butto, ebizigo oba ggelu. Okusiiga ebizigo ebiziyiza enkwa nga butenafine omulundi gumu buli lunaku okumala wiiki emu oba terbinafine omulundi gumu buli lunaku okumala wiiki bbiri kikola bulungi mu mbeera ezisinga ez’ekigere ky’omuzannyi era kikola bulungi okusinga okusiiga miconazole oba clotrimazole.[72] Ekigere ky’omuzannyi ow’ekika ky’engalo kigumira nnyo obujjanjabi obw’oku mutwe olw’okubeerawo kw’olususu olugonvu oluyitibwa hyperkeratotic ku ngulu w’ekigere.[73] Eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa Keratolytic ne humectant nga urea, salicylic acid (ekizigo kya Whitfield), ne lactic acid ddagala lya mugaso eriyamba era liyamba okuyingira kw’ebirungo ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde mu lususu olugonvu.[74] Glucocorticoids eziteekebwa ku mubiri oluusi ziwandiikibwa okukendeeza ku kuzimba n’okusiiwa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde.[75]

Ekisengejjero kya 1% potassium permanganate ekitabuddwa mu mazzi agookya kye kimu ku bikozesebwa mu kifo ky’eddagala eritta obuwuka.[76] Potassium permanganate munnyo era kirungo kya maanyi ekifuula omukka.

Obujjanjabi bw’omu kamwa

Ku mbeera ez’amaanyi oba ezitaziyiza ez’ekigere ky’omuzannyi terbinafine ey’omu kamwa ekola bulungi okusinga griseofulvin.[77] Fluconazole oba itraconazole nayo eyinza okumira mu kamwa ku yinfekisoni ez’amaanyi ez’ebigere by’omuzannyi.[78] Ekizibu ekisinga okuloopebwa okuva mu ddagala lino kwe kutabuka mu lubuto.[79]

Ebikwata ku ndwadde ezisaasaana

Mu nsi yonna, obulwadde bwa ffene bukosa ebitundu nga 15% ku bantu ne 20% ku bantu abakulu.[80][81] Okugatta ku ekyo, ebitundu 70% ku bantu bajja kufuna ekigere ky’omuzannyi mu kiseera ekimu mu bulamu.[82] Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kitera okubeera mu bantu ssekinnoomu abambala engatto ezitaliimu mpewo (eziziba), gamba nga bbuutu za kapiira oba engatto za vinyl.[83][84] Bw’okwatibwa enkwaso ereeta ebigere by’omuzannyi, embeera z’obunnyogovu eziva mu mpewo embi mu bigere zitumbula okukula kw’enkwaso ku kigere oba wakati w’obugere.[85] Mu mirimu, okunoonyereza kulaga okweyongera kw’ekigere ky’omuzannyi mu basima eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka, abajaasi, n’abazannyi.[86] Mu ngeri y’emu, emirimu ng’okudduka emisinde gya marathon girabye okweyongera kw’ekigere ky’omuzannyi.[87] Amawanga n’ebitundu okugenda nga tolina ngatto mwe kisinga bifuna emiwendo gy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi ekitono ennyo okusinga abantu abatera okwambala engatto; ekivuddemu, obulwadde buno bubadde buyitibwa n'ekyavaamu, obulwadde buno bubadde buyitibwa "ekibonerezo ky'empukuuka".[88] Okunoonyereza kulaga nti abasajja bakwatibwa emirundi 2 ku 4 okusinga abakyala.[89]

Emisango gy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi gyasooka kuwandiikibwa nga mu mwaka gwa 1916 mu kiseera kya Ssematalo I, ng’obulwadde buno mu bajaasi bwatera okukwatibwa.[90] Mu mwaka gwa 1928, kyateeberezebwa nti kumpi Abamerika obukadde kkumi baali batawaanyizibwa ekigere ky’omuzannyi; okusaasaana kw’obulwadde buno okweraliikiriza kwaleeta okweraliikirira kw’ebyobulamu mu bantu bangi.[91] Mu mwaka ogwaddako, okunoonyereza ku ndwadde ezisaasaana kwakolebwa ku bayizi abayingira abasooka mu Yunivasite y’e California; kyazuulibwa nti abasajja 53% abayingira abayizi abasooka baalina ekigere kya munnabyamizannyo era omwaka we gwaggweerako omuwendo ogwo gwali gulinnye okutuuka ku 78%.[92]

Obulwadde buno bweyongera mu myaka gya 1930, naddala mu bantu ssekinnoomu abalina embeera ey’oku ntikko mu by’enfuna n’embeera z’abantu; abantu bano ssekinnoomu baali basinga okufuna ebifo eby’awamu eby’okugabana nga ebidiba, amatendekero, ne kiraabu z’emizannyo ng’okusaasaana kw’enkwaso ereeta ebigere by’omuzannyi kwali kwa bulijjo.[93] Obungi mu Amerika bwali bungi nnyo ne kyetaagisa okukozesa ebifo ebinaabirwamu ebigere ebizaala mu mizannyo gya Olympics egyali mu kibuga Los Angeles mu 1932. Mu kiseera kino abakungu b'ebyobulamu mu ggwanga mwe baatwala endowooza nti ekigere ky'abazannyi kiva mu mulembe era nti okukola ku bulwadde buno "kibonerezo kya mpisa" ng'obujjanjabi bungi bwe bwalaga nti tebukola.[94][95] Ebintu ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde nga asidi wa undecylenic byasomesebwa mu myaka gya 1940; ebintu ebirimu zinc undecylenate byalagibwa okuba nga bye bisinga okukola obulungi ku mubiri okuwonya embeera eno.[96]

Okukozesa eddagala lya Griseofulvin erimira mu kamwa kyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 nti kikola bulungi mu mbeera ez’amaanyi ez’ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Mu ngeri y’emu, omuwendo gw’abazannyi ebigere ogwawandiikibwa gwakendeera mu bajaasi ba Amerika mu Vietnam abaaweebwa Griseofulvins ng’eddagala eriziyiza.[97]] Mu myaka gya 1990, okunoonyereza kwawagira enkozesa ya itraconazole ne Allylamine emanyiddwa nga terbinafine ng’eddagala erikola okumalawo ekigere ky’omuzannyi ate era n’obulwadde bwa dermatophyte ku bitundu by’omubiri ebirala.[98] We bwazibidde mu 2012, okunoonyereza kulaga nti eddagala lya terbinafine liyinza okuwonya ekigere ky’omuzannyi emirundi 2.26 okusinga okujjanjaba Griseofulvin; okunoonyereza okugeraageranya wakati wa itraconazole ne terbinafine kulaga enjawulo ntono mu bulungibwansi.[99]

Laba ne

Enkwaso z’ebigere, tinea unguium, yinfekisoni ekosa enjala z’ebigere

Trench foot, olw’obunnyogovu n’okuvunda

Ebijuliziddwa

  1. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  2. ↑ "Hygiene-related Diseases". CDC. 24 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "Symptoms of Ringworm". CDC. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  4. ↑ "Hygiene-related Diseases". CDC. 24 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  5. ↑ "Symptoms of Ringworm". CDC. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  6. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  7. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  8. ↑ "Hygiene-related Diseases". CDC. 24 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  9. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  10. ↑ "Hygiene-related Diseases". CDC. 24 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  11. ↑ Hawkins DM, Smidt AC (April 2014). "Superficial fungal infections in children". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 61 (2): 443–455. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.12.003. PMID 24636655.
  12. ↑ "People at Risk for Ringworm". CDC. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016.
  13. ↑ Hawkins DM, Smidt AC (April 2014). "Superficial fungal infections in children". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 61 (2): 443–455. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.12.003. PMID 24636655.
  14. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  15. ↑ "People at Risk for Ringworm". CDC. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016.
  16. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  17. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  18. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  19. ↑ "Hygiene-related Diseases". CDC. 24 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  20. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Fungal disease in Britain and the United States 1850–2000: mycoses and modernity. Springer. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-137-37703-6.
  21. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  22. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  23. ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST (December 2015). "Superficial Fungal Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004. PMID 26612371.
  24. ↑ Ghannoum M, Perfect JR, eds. (2009). Antifungal Therapy. New York: Informa Healthcare. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-8493-8786-9.
  25. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  26. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  27. ↑ "Athlete's Foot". Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  28. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  29. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  30. ↑ Kandemir, Nilüfer Onak; Barut, Figen; Gün, Banu Doğan; Tekin, Nilgün Solak; Keser, Sevinç Hallaç; Özdamar, Şükrü Oğuz (December 2012). "Histopathological analysis of vesicular and bullous lesions in Kaposi sarcoma". Diagnostic Pathology (in Lungereza). 7 (1): 101. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-101. ISSN 1746-1596. PMC 3488507. PMID 22894735.
  31. ↑ Kandemir, Nilüfer Onak; Barut, Figen; Gün, Banu Doğan; Tekin, Nilgün Solak; Keser, Sevinç Hallaç; Özdamar, Şükrü Oğuz (December 2012). "Histopathological analysis of vesicular and bullous lesions in Kaposi sarcoma". Diagnostic Pathology (in Lungereza). 7 (1): 101. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-101. ISSN 1746-1596. PMC 3488507. PMID 22894735.
  32. ↑ Hainer BL (January 2003). "Dermatophyte infections". American Family Physician. 67 (1): 101–108. PMID 12537173.
  33. ↑ Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ (January 2000). "Pustular tinea pedis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 42 (1 Pt 1): 132–133. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90022-7. PMID 10607333.
  34. ↑ Moriarty B, Hay R, Morris-Jones R (July 2012). "The diagnosis and management of tinea". BMJ. 345 (7) e4380. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4380. PMID 22782730. S2CID 38106083.
  35. ↑ Likness LP (June 2011). "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 111 (6): 373–379. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373. PMID 21771922.
  36. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  37. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  38. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  39. ↑ Moriarty B, Hay R, Morris-Jones R (July 2012). "The diagnosis and management of tinea". BMJ. 345 (7) e4380. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4380. PMID 22782730. S2CID 38106083.
  40. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  41. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  42. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  43. ↑ National Health Service webpage on Athlete's Foot Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  44. ↑ Flint WW, Cain JD (March 2014). "Nail and skin disorders of the foot". The Medical Clinics of North America. 98 (2): 213–225. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2013.11.002. PMID 24559870.
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  46. ↑ Ilkit M, Durdu M, Karakaş M (August 2012). "Cutaneous id reactions: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etiology, and management". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 38 (3): 191–202. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.645520. PMID 22300403. S2CID 43906095.
  47. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  48. ↑ Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M (September 2008). "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide". Mycoses. 51 (Supplement 4): 2–15. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. PMID 18783559. S2CID 3398710.
  49. ↑ Rivera ZS, Losada L, Nierman WC (October 2012). "Back to the future for dermatophyte genomics". mBio. 3 (6) e00381-12: e00381–12. doi:10.1128/mBio.00381-12. PMC 3487774. PMID 23111872.
  50. ↑ Andrews MD, Burns M (May 2008). "Common tinea infections in children". American Family Physician. 77 (10): 1415–1420. PMID 18533375. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
  51. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  52. ↑ National Health Service's webpage on Athlete's Foot causes Template:Webarchive
  53. ↑ Mayo Clinic website, Athlete's Foot Risk Factors Template:Webarchive
  54. ↑ Mayo Clinic website, Athlete's Foot Risk Factors Template:Webarchive
  55. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition. Tinea Pedis Template:Webarchive
  56. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  57. ↑ The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  58. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  59. ↑ Al Hasan M, Fitzgerald SM, Saoudian M, Krishnaswamy G (March 2004). "Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications". Clinical and Molecular Allergy. 2 (1) 5. doi:10.1186/1476-7961-2-5. PMC 419368. PMID 15050029.
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  61. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
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  63. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  64. ↑ Centers for Disease Control webpage on Athlete's Foot Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  65. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  66. ↑ Likness LP (June 2011). "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 111 (6): 373–379. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373. PMID 21771922.
  67. ↑ Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies Template:Webarchive (American Family Physician)
  68. ↑ Crawford F, Hollis S (July 2007). Crawford F (ed.). "Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (3) CD001434. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2. PMC 7073424. PMID 17636672.
  69. ↑ "Fungal Infections" (PDF). Podiatry Service, Wlsall Health Care. UK: National Health Service. July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  70. ↑ Rotta I, Sanchez A, Gonçalves PR, Otuki MF, Correr CJ (May 2012). "Efficacy and safety of topical antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycosis: a systematic review". The British Journal of Dermatology. 166 (5): 927–933. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10815.x. PMID 22233283. S2CID 2657963.
  71. ↑ Likness LP (June 2011). "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 111 (6): 373–379. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373. PMID 21771922.
  72. ↑ Andrews MD, Burns M (May 2008). "Common tinea infections in children". American Family Physician. 77 (10): 1415–1420. PMID 18533375. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
  73. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  74. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  75. ↑ Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR (November 2011). "Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses". Sports Medicine. 41 (11): 967–984. doi:10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000. PMID 21985216. S2CID 20771331.
  76. ↑ "Potassium Permanganate". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  77. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  78. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  79. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ (October 2012). Bell-Syer SE (ed.). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  80. ↑ Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M (September 2008). "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide". Mycoses. 51 (Supplement 4): 2–15. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. PMID 18783559. S2CID 3398710.
  81. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (October 2012). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  82. ↑ Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R (March 2022). "Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials". Journal of Fungi. 8 (4): 351. doi:10.3390/jof8040351. PMC 9027577. PMID 35448582.
  83. ↑ Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M (September 2008). "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide". Mycoses. 51 (Supplement 4): 2–15. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. PMID 18783559. S2CID 3398710.
  84. ↑ Andrews MD, Burns M (May 2008). "Common tinea infections in children". American Family Physician. 77 (10): 1415–1420. PMID 18533375. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
  85. ↑ Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R (March 2022). "Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials". Journal of Fungi. 8 (4): 351. doi:10.3390/jof8040351. PMC 9027577. PMID 35448582.
  86. ↑ Crawford F, Hollis S, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (July 2007). "Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (3) CD001434. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2. PMC 7073424. PMID 17636672.
  87. ↑ Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R (March 2022). "Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials". Journal of Fungi. 8 (4): 351. doi:10.3390/jof8040351. PMC 9027577. PMID 35448582.
  88. ↑ Gill D, Marks R (February 1999). "A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community". The Australasian Journal of Dermatology. 40 (1): 6–13. doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x. PMID 10098282. S2CID 9471264.
  89. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (October 2012). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
  90. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  91. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  92. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  93. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  94. ↑ Gill D, Marks R (February 1999). "A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community". The Australasian Journal of Dermatology. 40 (1): 6–13. doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x. PMID 10098282. S2CID 9471264.
  95. ↑ Gill D, Marks R (February 1999). "A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community". The Australasian Journal of Dermatology. 40 (1): 6–13. doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x. PMID 10098282. S2CID 9471264.
  96. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  97. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  98. ↑ Homei A, Worboys M (2013). Athlete's Foot (in Lungereza). Palgrave Macmillan.
  99. ↑ Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (October 2012). "Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10) CD003584. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2. PMC 7144818. PMID 23076898.
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