Ebigenge

Leprosy
Other names	Hansen disease (HD)
Rash on the chest and abdomen due to leprosy
Pronunciation	Template:Ubl
Medical specialty	Infectious disease
Obubonero	Decreased ability to feel pain
Causes	Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis
Risk factors	Close contact with a case of leprosy, living in poverty
Treatment	Multidrug therapy
Medication	Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine
Frequency	127,558 (2020)
Named after	Gerhard Armauer Hansen

Ebigenge, era ebimanyiddwa nga Hansen disease ( HD ), bulwadde obumala ebbanga eddene nga bukwatibwa obuwuka obuyitibwa Mycobacterium leprae oba Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Obulwadde buyinza okuvaako obusimu, enkola y’okussa, olususu, n’amaaso okwonooneka. Okwonooneka kuno kw’obusimu kuyinza okuvaamu obutasobola kuwulira bulumi, ekiyinza okuvaako okufiirwa ebitundu by’enkomerero z’omuntu olw’obuvune obuddirira oba okukwatibwa yinfekisoni olw’ebiwundu by’atategedde. Omuntu alina akawuka naye ayinza okufuna obunafu bw’ebinywa n’okulaba obubi. Obubonero bw’ebigenge buyinza okutandika mu mwaka gumu, naye eri abantu abamu obubonero buyinza okutwala emyaka 20 oba ne okusingawo.

Ebigenge bisaasaana wakati w’abantu, wadde nga okukwaata omuntu obulungi, omubiri guyina okukwaatagana ne omubiri omulala. Abantu nga 95% abakwatibwa M. leprae tebafuna bulwadde buno. Okusaasaana kulowoozebwa nti kuyita mu kusesema oba okukwatagana n’amazzi agava mu nnyindo y’omuntu alina ekigenge. Ensonga z’obuzaale n’enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri bikola kinene mu ngeri omuntu gy’akwatamu obulwadde buno mu ngeri ennyangu. Ebigenge tebisaasaana nga oli lubuto okutuuka ku baana abali mu lubuto, oba nga bayita mu kwegatta. Obulwadde buno bulina ebika bibiri ebikulu - paucibacillary ne multibacillary, nga bino byawukana mu muwendo gwa bakitiriya eziriwo. Omuntu alina obulwadde bwa paucibacillary alina ebitundu by’olususu bitaano oba wansi ebitaliimu langi embi ate omuntu alina obulwadde bwa multibacillary alina ebitundu by’olususu ebisukka mu bitaano. Okuzuula obulwadde buno kukakasibwa nga bazudde bacilli ezikwata asidi mu lususu nga lugyibwaako akanyama.

Ebigenge biwona ng’okozesa eddagala eritali limu. Obujjanjabi bw’ebigenge ebiyitibwa paucibacillary leprosy buba n’eddagala lya dapsone, rifampicin, ne clofazimine okumala emyezi mukaaga. Obujjanjabi bw’ebigenge ebiyitibwa multibacillary leprosy bukozesa eddagala lye limu okumala emyezi 12. Eddagala eddala eritta obuwuka nalyo liyinza okukozesebwa. Obujjanjabi buno buweebwa ku bwereere ekitongole ky'ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna.

Ebigenge tebikwata nnyo oba mangu. Abantu abalina ebigenge basobola okubeera n’ab’omu maka gaabwe ne bagenda ku ssomero n’okukola. Mu myaka gya 1980, mu nsi yonna abantu abaalina ebigenge baali obukadde 5.2, naye mu mwaka gwa 2020 kino kyakendeera ne kituuka ku bantu abatakka wansi wa 200,000. Abalwadde abapya basinga kukwatibwa mu mawanga 14, nga Buyindi y’ekola ekitundu ekisoba mu kitundu ku balwadde bonna abapya. Mu myaka 20 okuva mu 1994 okutuuka mu 2014, abantu obukadde 16 mu nsi yonna baawonyezebwa ebigenge. Okwawula abantu abakoseddwa ebigenge nga babateeka mu matwale g’abagenge tekiwagirwa bujulizi naye okutuuka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 2000 kyali kikyaliwo mu bitundu ebimu ebya Buyindi, China, Japan, Africa, ne Thailand.

Ebigenge bimaze enkumi n’enkumi z’emyaka nga bikosa abantu. Obulwadde buno bwava mu kigambo ky’Oluyonaani Template:Langx (lépra), from Template:Langx (lepís; 'scale'), ate ekigambo "Obulwadde bwa Hansen" kyatuumibwa erinnya ly'omusawo Omunorway Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Ebigenge mu byafaayo bibadde bikwatagana n’okuvumwavumwa mu bantu, ekikyagenda mu maaso okuba ekiziyiza okwetegeeza n’okujjanjabibwa amangu. Ebigenge biba mu kibinja ky’obulwadde obw’omu bitundu eby’obutiti obusuuliriddwa (neglected tropical disease). Olunaku lw’ensi yonna olw’ebigenge lwatandikibwawo mu 1954 okumanyisa abantu abakoseddwa ebigenge. Okunoonyereza ku bulwadde bw’ebigenge n’okubujjanjaba kumanyiddwa nga leprology.

Obubonero

Obubonero obutera okulabika mu bika by’ebigenge eby’enjawulo mulimu okuzimba ennyindo; olususu lw’oku mutwe olukalu; obuzibu mu kulaba; ebiwundu by’olususu; obunafu bw’ebinywa; olususu olumyufu; ekiweweevu, ekimasamasa; okugonza okusaasaana kw’olususu mu maaso, mu matu, n’ebitundu by’omu ngalo; okufiirwa okuwulira mu ngalo n’ebigere; okugonza kw’obusimu obw’okumpi; okugwerera kw'ennyindo okuva mu kuzikirizibwa kw’amagumba g’ennyindo; n’enkyukakyuka mu maloboozi n’ebintu ebirala ebikwata ku kukola okwogera. Okugatta ku ekyo, okuzimba ensigo n’okulemererwa okusituka biyinza okubaawo.

Entandikwa y’ebigenge ya njawulo wakati w’abantu ssekinnoomu. Ekiseera ky’okufumbiza kibeera kya myaka etaano. Omuntu alina akawuka ayinza okutandika okulaba obubonero mu mwaka ogusooka oba okutuuka ku myaka 20 oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa. Emirundi mingi, akabonero akasooka okweyoleka ak’ebigenge kwe kukula kw’ebitundu by’olususu ebya langi enzirugavu oba ebya pinki ebiyinza obutawulira bbugumu oba obulumi. Ebitundu by’olususu olukyuse langi oluusi biwerekerwako oba okukulemberwa obuzibu bw’obusimu, omuli okuzimba oba okunyirira mu ngalo oba ebigere. Yinfekisoni ez’okubiri ( yinfekisoni za bakitiriya oba akawuka eziva ku yinfekisoni eyasooka) ziyinza okuvaamu okufiirwa ebitundu by’omubiri, ekivaako engalo n’obugere okukendeera n’okulema ng’amagumba gayingizibwa mu mubiri. Enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri esookerwako evuga waakiri ebitundu ebimu eby’enkyukakyuka mu nsengekera y’obulwadde.

Abantu abawera nga 30% abakoseddwa ebigenge bafuna obusimu obwonoonebwa. Okwonooneka kw’obusimu okubaawo kudda emabega bwe buba nga bujjanjabiddwa nga bukyali, naye kufuuka kwa lubeerera ng’obujjanjabi obutuufu buludewawo emyezi egiwerako. Okwonooneka kw’obusimu kuyinza okuvaako ebinywa okulemererwa okukola, ekivaako okusannyalala. Era kiyinza okuvaako omuntu obutawulira bulungi oba okuzirika, ekivaako yinfekisoni endala, amabwa n’okulema ennyondo.

Okuteebereza

Wadde ng’ebigenge bibadde biwonyezebwa okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, bwe bitajjanjabibwa, bisobola okuleetera omuntu okukosa omubiri ogw’olubeerera n’okwonoona obusimu, olususu, amaaso, n’ebitundu by’omubiri. Wadde ng’ebigenge tebikwata nnyo era nga tebirina bulwadde butono, wakyaliwo okuvumwavumwa n’obusosoze obw’amaanyi ebikwatagana n’obulwadde buno. Olw’okunyoomebwa kuno, ebigenge bisobola okukosa omuntu okwenyigira mu mirimu gy’omukwano era biyinza n’okukosa obulamu bw’ab’omu maka ge n’emikwano gye. Abantu abalina ebigenge nabo bali mu bulabe bwa maanyi obw’okufuna obuzibu ku bulamu bwabwe obw’omutwe. Okuvumwavumwa mu bantu kuyinza okuvaako obuzibu mu kufuna emirimu, obuzibu mu by’ensimbi, n’okwekutula ku bantu. Efforts to reduce discrimination and reduce the stigma surrounding leprosy may help improve outcomes for people with leprosy.