Ebyobufuna bya Buganda Eyedda (the Political economy of precolonial Buganda)

Ebyobufuzi n’enfuna(the Political economy) bya Buganda okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga. Ebyobufuna bya Buganda ey’akakyo kano n’ekifo kya Buganda Mu Uganda okubitegeera osaana okumanya ensibuko y’ekigambo “Buganda” awamu n’byafaayo by’ebyobufuna by’eggwanga lya Abaganda.

Abantu abasenga wano okukola Buganda bateeberebwa kuba nga baali mu bibinja bisatu . Ekibinja ekisooka ekyayingirira e Ssese kye kyabannasangawawo abayitibwanga “abalasangeye.

Bano bateebelebwa okuba nga bayingila mu bizinga bya Ssese emyaka mingi nga tebanajja ku lukalu lwa Buganda era be baasooka okusenga wano .Ate ekibinja ekyaddako kye kyabo abajja ne Kabaka Kintu,n`ekyekusatu be bajja ne Kimera.

Ensibuko y`erinnya Buganda nzibu nnyo okutegeela ng`ensibuko y`abantu Abaganda bweri.

Okusooka,okutuuka ssekabaka kintu bwe yafuuka kabaka,kigambibwa nti Buganda yali eyibwa “muwawa”.muwawa lyali ggwnga ttono omwali amasaza,mawokota busiro kyaddondo n`ebzinga bya ssese.(soma munno wa January 1915 empula 6-8 nga kizito Tobi awandiika ku (“Ensi muwawa Buganda”) .

Waaliwo amasomo ga njawulo ku nsibuko y`erinnya Buganda.okusinzira ku ssomo erimu omu kubafuzi ba Buganda abaafugiranga mu bizinga bya ssese yali ayitibwa Buganda .obutafaanana na muganda we bemba musota ,Buganda yali mufuzi wa dembe eyafuba eggwanga lino edda eryitibwanga “muwawa”mu ddembe.

Abalala bagamba nti yali Kabaka Mukama eyakyusa Muwawa ng’amaze okuzaala omwana we Buganda naddira erinnya lya mutabani we n’aliwa n’eggwanga.

Ate abalala bagamba nti Ssekabaka Kintu bwamala okumaamulako omukambwe Bbemba Musota abantu kwekusalawo lino liyitibwe “Buganda” egwanga eryeddembe ate abantu baamu nebayitibwa Buganda, abantu ab’eddembe. Kyokka ate waliwo essomo erigamba nti erinnya Buganda lyava mu kitundu ekiyitibwa Ganda Kimera weyateeka olubiri lwe ng’akomyewo okuva e Bunyoro.

Ate essomo eddala ligamba nti ku njegoyego z’ennyanja Nalubaale mu bitundu bya Nnyanza ku mbalama waliyo ekintundu kye bayita “Buganda”. Kigambibwa abaganda wano webaafumbekera okumala ebbanga eddene nga tebannaba kugenda mu bizinga bya Ssese Kiteeberezebwa nti erinnya Buganda ririna ensibuko yalyo mu kitundu ekiri mu Victoria Nnyanza, ngerinnya ly’ekifo.

Ate ddyo essomo eddala ligamba nti ekigambo Buganda kiva mu kigambo “omuganda”, ekitegeeza ebintu ebiggattidwa awamu kubigattulula olwokuba nga Buganda yakolebwa abantu ab’obuwangwa obwali obwenjawulo abeegata awamu okukola Obuganda, bonna wamu nebayitibwa Baganda n’obuwangwa bwabwe nebufuuka bumu , obw’abaganda.

Kyokka abaganda banji balowooza nti abantu abajja ne Kintu n’abo abajja ne Kimera, bonna Balasangeye abaali basasanye mu bitundu olw’ensonga zimu nga kuno kwali kudda ku butaka.

Mubutuufu Buganda ekolebwa abantu abenjawulo omuli Bannakyaggwe, Abasese, Abakooki, Abawokota, Abavuma, Bannabugerere, Bannagomba, Bannabutambal n’abalala bonna wamu abayitibwa Abaganda nga boogera olulimi oluganda mu buwangwa bwa Buganda mu bukulembeze bwa Kabaka waabwe. Ate era Buganda nsi ya ddembe “ate” abaganda bantu ab’eddembe okujjako nga waliwo abatabadde awo nebalaga obumu bwabwe anti tuli Buganda.

Ssebasitula oba Sebuzimbe (the Superstructure) wa Buganda ey’edda

Sebasitula oba sebuzimbe w’eggwanga yeyolekera mu nkola z’ebyobufuzi. Ebyenjigiriza, obuwangwa n’eddini oba enzikiriza.

(i) Enkola y’ebyobufuzi/obukulembeze

Wana mu Buganda , Omuwandiisi Walabyeki Magoba mu katabo ke "Omuganda Owedda", annyonnyola nti nga Kato Kintu tannaleeta Bwakabaka mu Buganda, waaliwo abakulembeze abaaliwo nga bano balabika baali bafugira eggwanga mu nkola eyabakuli b’ebika ebyali mu Buganda ng’ekyayitibwa “Muwawa” (Abanyoro bagiyitanga Muhwahwa). Mu nkola eno abakulu b’ebika beerondangamu Ssentebe omu. Ssentebe w’ebika byonna nafuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga lyonna obukulembeze buno bwali bunafu nyo olwokuba nti Ssentebe ono teyalina buyinza bujjuvu ku bakulu b’ebika baatwala okutuuka kato Kintu bweyaleetawo obwakabaka n’ateekawo obufuzi obwalina Gavumenti eyawakati ennyweevu.

N’olwekyo obukulembeze bwa Baganda bwatandikira mu Bakul ba Bika aberondagamu Ssentebe eyafuganga okumala ekiseera ekigere at entebe n’agikwasa omukulu w’ekika omulala mu bukulembeze obwetoololeranga mu Bakulu b’ebika

Mukatabo ke “Buganda N’obwakabaka, Professor J.C. Ssekamwa akulaga ebintu ebimu mu Byofuna bwa Buganda eyedda ng’annyonnyola ebyobufuzi n’ebyenfuna ya Buganda ey’edda. Ebyobufuna byali byeyoreka mu nfuga ey’obwakabaka eyatandikibwawo Ssekabaka Kato Kintu nga mu mwaka gwa 1314 oluvannyuima lw’olwana olutalo olwawamba obukulembeze obufuna obwaliwo. Nga bwetunaalaba mu maaso, waaliwo akakwate akatasattululwa wakati w’obwakabaka n’enkulaakulanya y’obusobozi mu nkola y’ebyenfuna eyebiseera ebyo.

Okuva olubereberye, Kabaka Kintu ng’amaze okwezza obuyinza abakulu b’ebika teyajjawo wabula yabaleka balabirire eby’obuwangwa bwa Buganda okusobola okunyweza enfuga y’eggwanga. Kabaka Kintu yasalawo okubeera omukulu w’ebika byonna era n’ayitibwa Ssabataka.

Buli kika kyalina emirimu emitongole mu bwakabaka, ekintu ekyayamba ennyo okukulaakulanya obusobozi mu Buganda ebiseera ebyo.

Ng’ojjeko obukulembeze bw’bika butaali bwa byabufuzi, Obwakabaka bwatambuliranga ku nfuga ya bitundu, mulungereza eyitibwa local government, ng’erimu emitendera gino:

• Ekyalo kyafugibwanga Omutongole

• Omuluka (ebyalo kumi) byafugibwanga Owomuluka

• Eggombolola (emiruka kkumi) negifugibwa oweggombolola

• Essaza (amagombolola kumi) negafugibwa owessaza

• Katikiro nga yafuga ebyalo, emiruka, amagombolola, n’amasaza mu Buganda ku lwa Kabaka. Mu Bitongole bya Gavumenti ebirala mwalingamu

• Olukiiko lwa Kabaka lwatuulangamu abaami Abamasaza n’abakungu ba Kabaka abalala bonna abokuntikko.

• Enzirukanya y’emisango okuva ku kyalo okutuuka ku lukiiko lwa Kabaka olwali nga kooti ey’okuntikko.

• Ebigalagala nga y’eringa Poliisi

• Ebitongole by’amagye

Obukulembeze bw’ebika:

• Omukulu e’wekika ow’akasolya

• Abakulu b’amasiga

• Abakulu b’emituba

• Abakulu b’ennyiriri

(II) Ebyokwerinda 

Abazungu we bajjira wano Buganda yalina ejje eryokuttaka, eryokumazzi, n’abasirikale aba Poliisi abaali eyo mu nkumi n’enkumi.

Nga tutunulira obufuna bwa Buganda ebw’ebyasa ebyayita tetuyinza kubuusa maaso bukulu bwa ntalo ezaakolebwanga Bakabaka ba Buganda ku mawanga ageetooloddewo okutandika n’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omusanvu okuva 1601. Entalo zayamba nnyo okugaziyiya teritoliya ya Buganda n’okwongera ku bungi bwabantu okuyita mu kunyaga abakazi. Mubutuufu ente teyali nnyo nsolo ya Baganda ng’embuzi, enkoko n’endiga naye okulunda ente kwajjawo oluvanyuma lw’okufuna zebawamba mu ntalo.

Entalo zino, ng’ojjeeko abakazi n’obugagga bw’ensolo obwafunibwanga zaayamba nnyo okugaziya Buganda eyali enfunda, nga okutuuka eyo mu myaka gya 1500 ng’erimu amasaza musanvu gokka omuli kyaddondo, Busiro, mawokota, Busunju, Butambala, Ggomba, Kyaggwe, n’bitundu ebimu ebya Bulemeezi ne Ssingo.

(III) Okubangula (Ebyenjigiriza) mu Buganda eyedda

Enkola y’ebyenjigiriza kitundu ku Sebasitula era efugwa omusini gw’ebyenfuna (economic base). Mu “Piizanti Ekonome” ya Buganda ey’ebiseera ebyedda, abaana baafunanga okutendekebwa mu bintu ebyenjawulo ebyemirimu egyali gyetagibwa mu biseera ebyo okugatta ku masomo g’empisa mu mitendera gino.

(i) Okutendeka Okusooka.

Eno yeyalinga okusoma kwa “primary” okuliwo kati. Okusoma kuno kwalinga mu maka ng’essira baliteeka ku kuyigiriza baana obukugu mu mirimu egyenjawulo ng’omwana akola eno bwayiga (home apprenticeship) okutuuka bwabangulwa. Abalenzi bayigirizibwanga okubumba, okuluka eby’emikono, okuyigga, okusaanuusa ebyuuma, n’ebirala, ng’akola ne taata we n’abasajja abakulu abalala mu kitundu. Abawala nabo bayigirizibwanga emirimu egyekikyala nga bakola nebamaama baabwe oba n’abakyala abalala abakulu mu kitundu. Mukutendeka kuno mwalingamu n’emizannyo egy’enjawulo awamu n’okuyimba. Okuzina, n’okuba ebivuga ng’engoma n’endingidi.

Amasomo ag’omutwe (academic education) gasomesebwanga akawungeezi nga buzibye ng’abakulu basomesa abato engero, ebisoko, ebyafaayo by’ensi yaabwe, okuyimba, okubala, ebikwata ku kika n’enju mwebava: emizannyo, n’okutendekebwa mu byentalo.

Mumizannyo mwalingamu omweso, okuvuga aato n’emirala.

(ii) Okutendeka Okwomutendera Ogwokubiri. Eno yeyalinga okusoma kwa siniya. Kuno kwalinga mu bisaakaate by’abaami ba Kabaka. Abaana abatwalidwa eno bayiganga okuweereza abagenyi okuteekateeka n’okukubiriza enkiiko, okuteesa n’okukubaganya ebirowoozo; okusala emisango, obukulembeze, okukunganya emisolo, n’ebirala.

(iii) Okutendeka Okwomutendera Ogwawagulu. Eno yeyalinga okusoma kwa yunivasite. Kino kwalinga mu lubiri lwa Kabaka. Abaami ba Kabaka baawerezanga abaana okuva mu bisaakaate byabwe abasukkulumye ku bannaabwe mukubanguka mu lubiri lwa Kabaka. Abo abakungukanga nga ebifo ebyamaanyi mu Gavumenti ya Kabaka. Okutendeka n’okubangula kwendaze waggulu kwayamba kinene okukulaakulanya Obusobozi (Production Forces) bwa Buganda obwebiseera ebye’dda omwalinga okutendeka abaana mu kulima, okuweesa, okukola ebyambalao, okulunda, okusuubulangana, okulwana entalo, n’ebirala.

(iv) Eddiini n’obuwangwa mu Byobufuna bwa Buganda

Abantu abaasooka babeeranga wamu mu Buwangwa bwabwe era abantu okubeera awamu mu buwangwa bwabwe yeyali engeri y’okukolagana eyasooka.

Omuntu w’obuwangwa teyalina ngabanya mu mirimu ya manyi ate nga ne tekinolgiya gweyakozesanga yali wa wansi nnyo ekyaviirako okuba nti ebikolebwa byali bitono era nga n’omutindo gwabyo gwa wansi.

Tosobola kulaga mubujjuvu byabufuna bwa Buganda nga tolaze kakwaate akaaliwo wakati w’ebyobufuzi, ebyanfuna n’ebyobuwangwa mu Buganda eyedda. Ebintu ebikulu mubyobuwangwa bya Buganda Mwalimu bino

a) Obukulembeze mu bwakabaka ne mu

b) Emizizo

c) Emizanyo

d) Ennyimba

e) Amazina

f) Ennyambala

g) Eddagala

h) Okusinza

i) Enkuza y’abaana

j) Empisa gamba nga enjogera, okubuuza, obuyonjo, okwaniriza abagenyi

k) Ebikwate-engero, ebisoko, ebikoco

l) Empisa zo kumikolo nga okufiirwa, okwabya ennyimbe, embaga, okwalula abaana (abalongo)

m) Obulombolombo bw’ebika

n) Ebisanyizo (virtues) nga obugumiikiriza, obukakkamu, obuvumu, ekisa, obusaasizi obuyambi, amazima, obwenkanya, obuntubulamu, okwekengera, obwegendereza n’obukujjukujja, obuyiiya.

Mubutuufu kizibu nnyo okwawula ebyo’buwangwa ku by’obufuzi kubanga ebintu ebiri mu lusa lw’ebyobuwangwa ng’enzikiriza oba eddini. Empisa ez’nnono n’obulombolombo obugendera ku mikolo ng’ookwabya ennyimbe. Okwalula abalongo, okugunjula abaana, obufumbo n’ebyokwerinda byonna kwekwali kutambulira ebyobufuzi era ng’omuntu alina ebimu kubisanyizo ebyo waggulu yalondebwa mu bifo ebyobuvunanyizibwa mu mukulembeze bwe ggwanga.

Enkola y’ebyokwerinda eyasooka nga tewanabaawo kyefanayiriza Gavumenti yali eyimiriddewo ku nju omuntu mwazalibwa ekika. Oba eggwanga lye era enkola ey’okuwoolera eggwanga yeyali enkola ey’okubonereza abo abaziza emisango ng’obutemu, okukwata abakazi oba okunyaga, okuwoolera eggwanga eddala erivaamu omuntu azizza omusango ogwo. Kino kyaziyizanga abantu okuzza emisango olwokutya okuviirako okuwoolera eggwanga.

Era mu nju, ekika oba eggwanga mwemwaali ekyefananyirizaako enkola ya yinsuwa y’obulamu eyasookawo kubanga omuntu bweyawaalanga oba ng’afudde ng’ebenju, ekika oba eggwanga lye bamulabirira mubulwadde mukufa. Mukukungubaga era nga ne bamulekwa nga balabririwa ab’enganda okutuuka lwe bakula.

Kyokka oluvanyuma ebintu byagenda bikulaakulana era abazungu okujja mu Buganda nga waliwo enkola za gavumenti ennambulukufu, ekyokulabirako mu byokwerinda bya Buganda nga waliwo ejje ly’eggwanga eryetongodde elyokuttaka n’elyokumazzi.

Akakwate wakati w’enzikiriza n’ebyobufuzi

Mu Ssebasitula wa Buganda ey’dda mwalimu enzikiriza eya Katonda omu kyooka oluvanyuma newajjawo okukkiriza n’okusinza balubaale. Abaganda abamu batandika okutabulatabula ennyo Katonda ne Balubaale. Mubutuufu abazungu we bajjira wano nga Katonda alina Ebiggwa bisatu byokka e Kyaggwe so nga ebiggwa bya balubaale byaali bingi nnyo mu Buganda yonna.

Abaganda abedda bakkirizanga nti omuntu akolebwa omwoyo n’omubiri era abazadde Katonda bakozesa mu kutondebwa kwomwana. Omuntu bw’fa afuukamu “mizimu” (Spirit) ogusigala nga gukolangana n’abantu aboluganda abalamu era omuzimu ogwo guba n’ebyetaago nga ebyokunywa, ebbugumu ly’omuliro kyokka ssi mmere.

Okusinziira ku Muganda owedda, obulamu bw’omuntu ku nsi bwebusinziirako omuzimu kyegunaabeera, omuntu eyali omulungi mu balamu n’omuzimu gwe gubeera gwa ddembe.

Balubaale: Bakagezimunyi abedda

Bano be bantu abaali bakagezimunyu (genius persons/philosophers) mu bulamu bwabwe. Balubaale baali bantu abaafa kyokka nga bwebaali bakyaali balamu baalina ebitone n’obusobozi ebitalibyabulijjo mu bintu ebye’enjawulo.

Olwobutamanya obunji abaganda baalowozanga nti balubaale basobola okulabika ng’abantu oba mu bintuntu ebitiisa, ebiyitibwa “amageege” era baalowoozanga nti balubaale bwebeeyolekera mu nsolo, ebinyonyi, oba emisota bayitibwa “misambwa”. Naye ensi bwegenze ekulaakulana mu magezi agwaggula ne mu filosoofa okutya n’endowooza eno egenze efa kuba teriiko bukakafu.

Abagezigezi b’ebika

Buli kika kyasuubirwanga okuba bakagezimunyo baakyo eyatibwanga “Lubaale w’ekika” ng’amaze okufa. Omu ku Bagezigezi b’ebika abamanyidwa ennyo mwalimu Kisolo Ssebyoto eyali akulira ekika ky’engonge mu biseera bya ebyomulamu era nga yeyali Katikkiro wa Kabaka Kintu. Kigambibwa nti olwokuba yafa mungeri etaategeerekeka ne Kabaka Kintu, ab’ekika kye kweku mufuula lubaale. Omulala yali Muwanga (ono ssi y’omu n’o w’eggwanga okuva essese).

Abagezi b’ Eggwanga

Bano obutafaana na Bakagezimunyu ba Bika baali Baduumizi ba Bakagezimunyu ba Kabaka mu bintu ebyenjawulo ng’okuteekateeka n’okulwana entalo, Okulagula (deviners) oba okutabulaba eddagala lya Kabaka n’okukukola ku nsonga enkakali ez’eggwanga n’e Kabaka ng’omuntu. Baali butereevu wansi Kabaka eyabagabiranga obwami n’obukungu okulabirira enzimba y’ebiggwa n’okumukolera Sadaaka.

Bakagezimunyo bano baasibuka Ssese ne bajja ku lukalu lwa Buganda ku mulembe gwa Kabaka Nakinge eyali anyigirizidwa ennyo mu ntalo ne Bunyoro. Bwe baafa nebafuulibwa balubaale olw’obusobozi bwebaalina obusukkulumye mu bulamu bwabwe.

Abaganda bagamba nti Bukulu y’asuubirwa okuba ensibuko ya Bakagezimunyo b’eggwanga. Bukulu ne mukazi we Wada baaberanga Ssese nebazaala abaana abalenzi Wanga ne Musisi. Wanga n’azaala Muwanga ate Musisi n’avaamu Wamala, Kitinda ne Wannema.

Wannema n’awasa nagaddya n’azaala Mukasa ne Kyobe Kibuuka. Mukasa bweyakula, n’awasa Nanziri n’azaala nende, Mirimu, Musoke ne Kirabire.

Abaganda abedda tebaasinzanga Bakagezimunyu bano yadde nga babatenderezanga olwamagezigaabwe gebayoleka nga balamu, Okubatendereza kuno (veneration) kwekwabayisa ba lubaale. Tebaabasinzanga kubanga abaganda baali basinza Katonda omu Muggulu emukono. Okukkiriza mu Katonda omu kyayamba Abaganda okukkiriza amangu Obukiristu n’obusiraamu, eddiini okuva mu Bulaaya ne mu Buwarabu nazo ezakkiririza mu Katonda omu.

2 Omusingi gw’ Ebyenfuna

Okukulaakulanya Ssebasitula kiyamba okugaziya gw’ebyefuna ate nagwo neguyamba Sebasitula okukukulaakuna. Okusobaola okugaziya omusingi gw’ebyefuna kyetagisa okukulakulanya obusobozi bwaffe nga tuteekawo enkola ennambulukufu okukulanya Sayansi, tekinologiya, n’obukulembeze.

Waliwo akakwate akatasattuluka wakati wa Sebasitula n’omusingi gw’ebyenfuna. Buli Ssebasitula lw’akyuka n’omusingi gw’ebyenfuna gukyuka era buli omusingi gw’ebyefuna lwe gukyuka ne Ssbasitula akyuka kyokka waliwo ebitasanye kukyuka naddala empisa n’obuntubulumu.

Nga bwetulabye waggulu enkola y’ebyenjigiriza yalina ekigendererwa okuwanirira ebyobufuna bw’eggwanga. Obusobozi bweyalekeranga mu nkozesa oba enkola ya bino:

• Ettaka, naddala mu byobulimi nga balima amatooke ag’emmere n’agokuyiisamu omwenge (Embidde). Abaganda baalimanga n’emmere endala nga lumonde, balungu kyetutumula, kaama, nanigoya, n’endaggu, awamu n’amayuuni, enva n’ebbugga, ejjobyo, ensugga, nnakati, entula, empindi, ebijanjaalo enkoolimbo, empande enderema, n’obuyindiyindi.

• Okuweesa nga basaannuusa ebyuma okubijja mu matale ne babiweesaamu obuwambe, ebiso, enkumbi, amafumu, n’embazzi.

• Okukola ebyambalo mu mbuga enkomage.

• Okulunda embuzi, n’endiga. Ente zaalundibwanga kitono.

• Okusuubulagana ne Bunyoro nga babagulako omunyo ogwavanga e Katwe, enkumbi, ebiso, n’embazzi kubanga n’abanyoro baalinga baweesi balungi ddala olw’ensi yaabwe eyalimu nnyo amatale agaasaanuusibwanga okufunamu ebyuma.

• N’okulwana entalo.

Obusobozi buno era bweyoresezanga mu mirimu gy’ebyemikolo (Craft) mubiseera ebyo. Muno mwalimu okuluka ensero, ebyagi omuterekwa emmere enkalu, Okukola ebibumbe, okubajja, okukola ebyokulwanyisa, ensimbi ebita n’edeku. Okukola ensero (basketry) kyekimu ku bintu owedda kyekugukamu mubyakozesa awaka n’okwerinda – nga bakola ebisaakate n’emili, okusereka ennyumba mu ngeri eyokuluka n’engabo.

Abakyala bebakolanga enkomera/ebisaakate, ebyagi, okubaga emmuli, okusereka, okukola obutego n’ebisero by’omunnimiro. Abakyala bebakolanga ebbibbo n’obusero obutono obutereka emmmere entonotono, emikeeka, ebibikakka ku nsuwa.

Okubumba (pottery) nga bakozesa ebbumba kwalimu okukola ensuwa/ensumbi (water pots). Ebibya (bowls) entemu (cooking pot) ne Mindi (smoking pipes) ezitoneddwa mu langi enzirugavu enjeru, n’emyufu. Ebyakozesebwanga okusala n’okuwaata ebyokulya (Cutlery) nabyo, byakolebwanga mu byuma Mwalimu embazzi, enkumbi, amalobo, amafumu, ennyondo, n’ebikozesebwa mukusamira.

Mukubajja mwalimu obutebe obutonetone, ebikozesebwa ebyomuti ng’oluseke, ekiwujjo, ebyanzi byamata, ebikuba embugo (fumigator foe barcloths) amaato, ebivuga by’abayimbi, ng’engoma n’endingidi (membra phones). Ebyokulwanyisa byakolebwanga okuva mubyuma n’emiti. Muno mwalimu amafumu, obusaale, engabo, n’embuuli (sticks for clubbing to death).

Obusobozi bwa Buganda obulala bweyolekera mubigambo ebyakikugu mu kukuba ebifananyi nga okutona, okusiiga, kuwawula, kwola, kuwunda, kukuba kifananyi.

Okutona mulungereza to stain, to dye, to apply colour on something, kwakolebwanga ku mbugo era nga luno baluyita olubugo olutone.

Okuwunda mulungereza to decorate, to embellish or give fine finish kwakolebwanga mu lubiri lwa Kabaka ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga Kabaka oba mulungereza biyite King’s objects, insignia, utensils, n’ebirala. Gano gegayitibwanga “Amakula ga Kabaka” (The King’s Ornamental work).

Okwola mulungereza engraving oba sculpture, ku bibajje ku mbawo oba ku mayinja.

Okusiiga mulungereza to paint, enkintu mu langi ennungi.

Okusinziira ku kyenkulaze waggulu awo okiraba nti yadde tewaaliwo nkola ya byanfuna ng’eyomulembe guno, abazungu nga tebannajja wano, tewaaliwo bwavu na buwejjere ng’ebiriwo kati.