Idi Amin

  

Idi Amin Dada Oumee yali Munnayuganda, munnamagye era munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda ow'okusatu okuva mu 1971 okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa mu buyinza mu 1979. Yafuga nga munnamagye nnakyemalira era atwalibwa ng'omukulembeze omukaambwe mu by'afaayo by'ensi yonna.

Amin yazaalibwa kitaawe Omukakwa ate nnyina Lugbara . Mu 1946, yeegatta ku ggye lya Bungereza erya King’s African Rifles (KAR) ng’omufumbi. Yasituka n'atuuka ku ddaala lya Lieutenant, ne yetaba mu ntalo za Bungereza ez'okulumbagana abayeekera ba Somalia n'oluvannyuma yetaba ne mu lutalo olw'ali lunyinyitira olwa Mau Mau mu Kenya . Uganda yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza mu 1962, era Amin n’asigala mu magye, nga yalinnyisibwa ku kifo ky’omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’amagye mu 1964 n’alondebwa okuduumira oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ebiri. Yakitegeerako nti pulezidenti wa Uganda Milton Obote yali ateekateeka kumukwata lwa kubulankanya ssente z’amagye, kwe kutandikawo olutalo lw'okuwamba Gavumenti olw'atuumibwa 1971 Ugandan coup d'état ne yeerangirira nga Pulezidenti.

Emyaka gye yamala mu buyinza, Amin yakyuka okuva ku kubeera omufuzi eyali awagira n'okunyumirwa obuwagizi obwali buva mu Yisirayiri n'adda mu kuwagirwa Muammar Gaddafi owa Libya, Mobutu Sese Seko owa Zaire, Soviet Union ne Bujirimaani ey'oBuvanjuba . Mu 1972, Amin yagoba abantu ba Asia, ng'abasinga obungi ku bo baali Bayindi-Uganda, ekyaviirako Buyindi okusalako enkolagana y'abwe n'obukulembeze bwe. Mu 1975, Amin yakwata obwassentebe w'ekitongole ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekya Organisation of African Unity (OAU) ekitongole kya Gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezikolera awamu ekyategekebwa okutumbula obumu mu mawanga ga Afrika (omulimu ogukyukakyuka buli mwaka). Uganda yali mmemba w’akakiiko k'amawanga amagatte akavunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu aka United Nations Commission o Human Rights okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979. Bungereza yamenya enkolagana y’ekikungu gye yali erina ne Uganda mu 1977, era Amin n’alangirira nti yali awangudde Abangereza n’agattako okutuuka ku ngule ye 'omumegganyi w'amatwale ga Bungereza' .

Obukulembeze bwa Amin bwagenda bugenda mu maaso okutuuka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970, waaliwo obutabanguko obweyongera olw’okuyigganyizibwa kwe ku mawanga agamu n’abawakanya ebukulembeze bwe, wamu n’embeera ya Uganda embi ennyo mu nsi yonna olw’obuwagizi bwa Amin eri abawambi ba PFLP-EO ne RZ mu 1976, ekyavirako ekikwekweto kya Yisirayiri ekyatuumibwa Operation Entebbe . Olwo yagezaako okuwamba ekitundu kya Kagera ekya Tanzania mu 1978. Mu kwanukula kwa Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere, yalagira amagye ge okulumba Uganda. Amagye ga Tanzania n’abayeekera baawamba Kampala mu 1979 ne bagoba Amin mu buyinza. Amin yagenda mu buwanganguse, nga yasookera mu Libya, oluvannyuma nagenda mu Iraq, n'asembayo e Saudi Arabia, gye yabeera okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2003.

Obukulembeze bwa Amin bwalimu okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu okwali kuyitiridde omuli okunyigirizibwa mu byobufuzi n’okutta abantu mu ngeri etali ya mateeka wamu n;obusosoze mu mawanga, obuli bw’enguzi, n’okuddukanya obubi ennyo mu by’enfuna. Abatunuulizi b’ensi yonna n’ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu bateebereza nti abantu wakati w’emitwalo 100 ne 500,000 be battibwa mu bukulembeze bwe.

Obuto bwe

Kumpi byonna ebigambibwa ku buto bwa Amin biwakanyizibwa kubanga teyewandiikako kitabo kikwata ku bulamu bwe era teyakkiriza kuteeka bikwata ku bulamu bwe mu buwandiike. Ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti ya Bungereza byalaga nti Amin yazaalibwa mu 1925; wabula mu kiseera ekyo tewali biwandiiko byakuumibwa ku bannayuganda. Mu mboozi ey’akafubo ne Judith Hare mu 1972, Amin awa ekifo we yazaalibwa ng’ekyalo Koboko n’emyaka gye nga 46, ekyanditeeka omwaka gw’amazaalibwamu okubeera 1926. Mu kitabo ekyafulumizibwa mu 1977 aba Little, Brown and Company nga kyawandiikibwa omuwabuzi wa Bungereza mu Uganda ng’akozesa erinnya ery’obulimba David Gwyn, Amin yazaalibwa mu Buganda n’emyaka 48 gy'eyamuwandiikako nga kino kyali kiraga nti yazaalibwa mu 1928. Ebikwata ku bulamu bwa Amin ebisinga biva mu b'engandaze ate nga binyumizibwako mu mboozi wabula okunyonyola n'emboozi endala tezikakasibwa. Ennono za famire n'abobuyinza mu Saudi Arabia mu Jeddah bateeka olunaku lw’amazaalibwa ge nga 10 Dhu al-Hijja 1346 ku kalenda y’Obusiraamu (30 Ogwokutaano 1928 mu kalenda ya Gregorian).

Obuto bwe ne Famire

Olusozi Nakasero mu Kampala, Disitulikiti egambibwa okuba nga Amin gye yazaalibwa okusinziira ku famire ye

Okusinziira ku famire ya Amin, engero ezikwata ku Uganda n’ebbaluwa ye ey’okufa kwe mu Saudi Arabia, Idi Amin Dada Oumee yazaalibwa nga 30 Ogwokutaano 1928 ku ssaawa nga nnya ez’oku makya mu kifo kitaawe w’akolera, Shimoni Police Barracks ku lusozi lw'e Nakaseromu Kampala . Yaweebwa erinnya Idi oluvannyuma lw'okuzaalibwa ku lunaku lw'ebikujjuko by'Abasiraamu olwa Eid al-Adha . Okusinziira ku Fred Guweddeko, omunoonyereza ku yunivasite y’e Makerere, agamba erinnya lya Amin ezaliranwa ye Idi Awo-Ango Angoo. Waliwo obutakkaanya ku makulu g'erinnya "Dada", ng'abamu bagamba nti lyali litegeeza "mwannyina" oba "enneeyisa y'abakazi" mu Luswayili, naye ensonda ezisinga zikkiriza nti "Dada" yali kika mu lubu lw'aBakakwa elyabbulwa oluvannyuma lw'emigigi kkuminesatu.

Yali mutabani wa Amin Dada Nyabira Tomuresu ow'okusatu(1889–1976), mu lubu lwa Bakakwa, ne mukyala we ow'okubiri, Aisha Chumaru Aate (1904–1970), Omulugbara . Kitaawe yabatizibwa ng’Omukatoliki era n’azaalibwa n’erinnya Andreas Nyabira Tomuresu. Okusinziira ku munnamawulire wa Bungereza David Martin, Nyabira obulamu bwe obusinga yabumala mu South Sudan . Yasiramuka mu 1910 oluvannyuma lw’okuyingizibwa mu magye g’Abangereza ag’amatwale ng'omukommonsi w'emulere (bugler) ng'ayita mu kojja we, omukulembeze w’ekika kya Bakakwa Sultan Ali Kenyi Dada ng’omwana omujaasi ow’emyaka mukaaga era n’aweebwa erinnya Amin Dada. Yeegatta ku Poliisi ekuuma amatwale ga Bungereza eya Protectorate Police Force mu Kampala mu Nsambya Police Barracks mu 1913.

Nyabira ku mpaka yayingizibwa mu magye ga Bungereza aga King’s African Rifles (KAR) mu 1914 gye yalwana mu Ssematalo eyasooka mu kampeyini z’oBuvanjuba bwa Afrika mu Tanganyika nga tannasiibulwa mu kitiibwa mu 1921 n’aweebwa ekibanja mu Disitulikiti y’e Arua . Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yeegatta ku poliisi ya Protectorate Police Force mu bbaalakisi ya Poliisi ey’e Nsambya nga tannatwalibwa mu bbaalakisi ya poliisi e Shimoni mu 1928, Amin gye yazaalibwa okusinziira ku famire ye. Yakyusibwa n’atwalibwa mu bbaalakisi ya Poliisi e Kololo n’awummula emirimu gya poliisi mu 1931 n’aweereza nga Omukiise wa Pulezidenti (RDC) mu Disitulikiti y’e Arua.

Maama we Aisha Aate yazaalibwa ku butaka bwe Kakwa ne taata omu Lugbara. Okusinziira ku byonna, Aate yali musawo wa kinnansi, musawo w’ebimera, era nga muzaalisa. Ng'ebula emyaka kkumi Amin azaalibwe, Aate yeegatta ku kibiina kya Allah Water (era ekimanyiddwa nga Yakani), nga kino kyali kibiina kyali kiwakannya obukulembeze bw'amatwale nga lyesigamiziddwa ku "mazzi ga Yakan" ekyali kinyikiddwamu ekimuli kya daffodil ekyali kimanyikiddwa nga Kamiojo, ekinyonyolwa nga 'LSD of Central Africa' . Ekibiina kino kyanyigirizibwa ab’obuyinza okuva mu bafuzi b'amatwale Abangereza, abaali bakitunuulidde ng’obuyeekera. Wadde nga okusinga bayogerwako ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini, Famire ya Amin egamba nti Aate yali musumba mu "Yakanye Order" kye bannyonnyola nga 'secret African society' nga Idi Amin naye yali mmemba, anti yakozesanga 'amazzi agaali gatwalibwa okuba ag'omukisa n'amaanyi amalala ag'enjawulo' mu ntalo.

Okusinziira ku famire ya Amin, Aate yali awonyezza Irene Drusilla Namaganda eyali Nnabagereka wa Buganda mu kiseera ekyo era mukyala wa Daudi Cwa II owa Buganda, obugumba. Omulimu gwa Aate ogw’oku ntikko mu kibiina kya Allah Water kigambibwa nti gwafuna obwagazi bw’olulyo olulangira olwa Buganda era nga kigambibwa nti alina akakwate ku famire eno kyaviirako olugambo nti taata wa Amin omuzaale ye Daudi Chwa II. Engambo zino z'asaasanyizbwa mukyala wa Nyabira omukulu eyali talina mwana, ng'ono yali alina obukyayi eri Aate olw'okuba n'abaana babiri.

Okusinziira ku famire ya Amin, Idi Amin yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya Awon'go ( lit. 'noise' ), nga bajuliza ku lugambo olwali luyiting'ana ku kitaawe. Kigambibwa nti Idi yatwalibwa okukeberebwa ‘endaga buzaale ku kitaawe’ ng’akyali muwere nga kino ky'akolebwa abakadde b’ebika, nga kino kyalimu n'okumusuula okumala ennaku nnya mu kibira okumpi n’olusozi Liru e Koboko gye badda ne basanga Amin ng’akyali mulamu. Abakadde bano oluvanyuma lw'okulaba ekyamagero kino bakiteeka ku Nakan, omusota ogw’emitwe musanvu ogwali gusinzibwa mu ddiini y’ennono y’aba Kakwa. Muganda we ne mwannyina baafa mu 1932, Idi bwe yali wa myaka ena.

Bazadde ba Amin baayawukana ng’alina emyaka ena, era ebiwandiiko ebisinga biraga nti yasengukira ku bukojja mu 1944 mu byalo by'abalimi mu Gombolola y'e Mawale mu Disitulikiti y’e Luweero, mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Uganda. Kigambibwa nti okwawukana kwa bazadde be kwava ku bigambo ebyali bisusse okuyitingana ku kitaawe wa Idi nga kino kyanyiiza nnyina. Wadde kyali kityo, famire ye y'akkaatiriza nti asigale ne kitaawe ng’ennono y’Abasiraamu mu Tanganyika, mu Disitulikiti y’e Arua, ate nnyina n’asigala ng’akola eby’okuwonya mu Buganda.

Obuvubuka bwe n'emisomo gye

Kigambibwa nti Amin bwe yali abeera n’abooluganda lwa nnyina, yali akola gwa kulunda mbuzi okuva ku myaka munaana okutuuka ku myaka kkumi. [ Mu 1938, yasenguka n'adda mu maka ga Sheikh Ahmed Hussein mu kibuga ekyali kiliraanyewo eky'e Semutoera n'atandiika okuwata esuula za Quran nga bwayaziina okutuusa lwe yaweza emyaka 12. ​​ Mu 1940, Amin y'adda e Bombong'eno yali abeera ne Kojjaawe Yusuf Tanaboo. Yagezaako okwewandiisa okugenda mu Pulayimale kyokka n’agaanibwa, kino kigambibwa nti kyava ku busika bwa Amin obwa kitaawe Omunnubbi .

Mu mwaka gwe gumu, Amin yafuna ebisago bwe yali yeetabye mu buvuyo mu Nubia nga balwanyisa obusosoze mu Yunivasite y’e Makerere e Wandegeya . Yawandiisibwa mu madrasa ya Garaya e Bombo era n’asigala ng’akwata Quran mu mutwe wansi wa Mohammed Al Rajab okutuusa mu 1944, era kigambibwa nti yawangula awaadi mu kusoma mu 1943. Amin yawandiisibwa mu magye g’amatwale wamu n’abayizi abalala kkumi na bataano nga tannasiibulwa olw’okuba yali akyali muto.

Mu 1945, yagenda mu Kiyindi Parish mu Bwaise Parish n’akola emirimu egy’enjawulo omwali n’okumala akaseera ng’omukuumi w’omulyango n’omuyambi w'omukuumi w'ekizimbe kya Grand Imperial Hotel mu Kampala.

Amagye ga King's African Rifles

Amin yeegatta ku maggye ga King’s African Rifles (KAR) mu 1946 ng’omuyambi w’omufumbi, ate mu kiseera kye kimu yali afuna okutendekebwa mu by’amagye okutuusa mu 1947. Mu bulamu obw’oluvannyuma yalimba nti yaweereza mu kampeyini y'e Burma eya Ssematalo ow'okubiri . Yakyusibwa n'agenda e Kenya okukola emirimu gy'amagye ag'ebigere mu 1947, era n'aweereza mu kibinja ky'amagye g'okuttaka ag'oku bigere ekya 21st KAR mu Gilgil, Amatwale ga Kenya okutuusa mu 1949. Omwaka ogwo, ekibinja kye kyasindikibwa mu Bukiikakkono bwa Kenya okulwanyisa abayeekera ba Somalia . Mu 1952, ekibinja kye kyasindikibwa okulwanyisa abayeekera ba Mau Mau mu Kenya. Yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa Kkopolo mu mwaka gwe gumu, oluvannyuma n’afuulibwa saajenti mu 1953.

Mu 1959, Amin yafuulibwa Effendi Class 2 (Warrant Officer), eddaala erisinga obunene eri omujaasi omuddugavu mu KAR. Amin yakomawo mu Uganda mu mwaka gwe gumu n’afuna ekifo ku kakiiko akaaliwo akaseera akatono nga Lieutenant nga 15 Ogwomusanvu 1961, n’afuuka omu ku Bannayuganda ababiri abaasooka okufuuka ba commissioned officers. Yaweebwa omulimu gw’okukkakkanya oluyogaano olw'aliwo olw’ente wakati wa Bakaramoja ba Uganda n’abalunzi ba Turkanaabatambulatambula mu Kenya. Okusinziira ku munoonyereza Holger Bernt Hansen, endowooza ya Amin, enneeyisa ye n’obukodyo bw’empuliziganya byakwatibwako nnyo olw’ebyo bye yayitamu mu magye g’amatwale. Kuno kwali n’engeri gye yakulembera obutereevu aky'amuviirako okwettanirwa mu bitundu ebimu mu bantu ba Uganda.

Okulinnya kw'Eggye lya Uganda

Mu 1962, oluvannyuma lwa Uganda okufuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza, Amin yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa kapiteeni n’oluvannyuma, mu 1963, n’afuulibwa meeja. Yalondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’amagye mu 1964 ate omwaka ogwaddako n’alondebwa n’afuuka Omuduumizi w’amagye. Mu 1970, yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa omuduumizi w’amagye gonna.

Amin yali munnabyamizannyo mu kiseera kye yamala mu magye ga Bungereza ne Uganda. Ku fuuti 1.93 m n'obuwanvu bwa (6 ft 4 in) era nga wakiwago, yali nnantameggwa wa Uganda mu bikonde by’obuzito obutono okuva mu 1951 okutuuka mu 1960, nga kw’otadde n’okuwuga. Amin era yali muteebi wa rugby ow’entiisa, wadde ng’omuserikale omu yamugamba nti: 'Amin musajja mulungi nnyo era muzannyi wa rugby omulungi naye ng'amagumba kumpi gava mu bulago era yeetaaga ebintu okunnyonnyolwa mu bigambo mu ebbaluwa . Mu myaka gya 1950, yazannyirako mu ttiimu ya Nile RFC.

Waliwo olugero olutera okuddibwamu nti yalondebwa okudda mu bigere bya Ttiimu ya rugby eya East Africa rugby union team mu mupiira gwabwe ogw'okutambula mu 1955 ne British Lions . Kyokka Amin talabika mu kifaananyi kya ttiimu oba ku lukalala lwa ttiimu olutongole.

Amin (wakati ku kkono) ng’akulira abakozi bwe yali akyalidde Katikkiro wa Yisirayiri Levi Eshkol (wakati) mu 1966

Mu 1965, Ssaabaminisita Milton Obote ne Amin b'enyigira mu ddiiru y’okukukusa amasanga ne zaabu okubiyingiza mu Uganda okuva mu Democratic Republic of Congo . Ddiiru eno, oluvannyuma General Nicholas Olenga, omukwanaganya w’eyali omukulembeze wa Congo, Patrice Lumumba, yali kitundu ku nteekateeka y’okuyamba amagye agaali gawakanya gavumenti ya Congo okusuubula amasanga ne zaabu okuweebwa emmundu ezaali zikukusibwa Amin. Mu 1966, Paalamenti ya Uganda yasaba wabeewo okunoonyereza. Obote yassaawo ssemateeka omupya ng’aggyawo obwapulezidenti obw’emikolo egyali gitegekebwa Kabaka Mutesa II owa Buganda n'eyelangirira nga Pulezidenti ow’oku ntikko. Yakuza Amin n’afuuka kkano era omuduumizi w’amagye. Amin yakulembera olulumba olw'akolebwa ku lubiri lwa Kabaka n'awaliriza Mutesa okuwangangukira mu Bungereza, gye yasigala okutuusa lwe yagya omukono mu ngabo mu 1969.

Amin yatandika okuwandiika abakakwa, Lugbara, South Sudanese, n’embu z'abantu abalala mu bitundu bya West Nile ekiriraanye South Sudan . Aba Sudaani b'omu Bukiikaddyo baali batuuze mu Uganda okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga bava South Sudan okuweereza mu magye g’amatwale. Amawanga ga Afrika mangi mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda gabeera mu Uganda ne South Sudan; ebigambibwa bikyaliwo nti eggye lya Amin lyali lisinga kubaamu bajaasi ba South Sudan.

Okuwamba obuyinza

 

Milton Obote, pulezidenti wa Uganda ow'okubiri, Amin gwe yasuula mu lutalo lw'okuwamba gavumenti mu 1971

Oluvannyuma w'abalukawo enjawukana wakati wa Amin ne Obote, ng'obuzibu bw'ava ku buwagizi Amin bwe yali azimbye mu magye ga Uganda ng’ayingiza abantu okuva mu kitundu kya West Nile, okwenyigira mu bikwekweto okuwagira obuyeekera mu South Sudan n’okugezaako okutta Obote mu 1969. Mu Gwekkumi 1970, Obote yeddiza obuyinza ku magye, n’akakkanya ku buyinza bwa Amin ku kifo kye yamala emyezi eky’omuduumizi w’amagye gonna okutuuka ku muduumizi w’amagye ga Uganda.

Olw’okukimanya nti Obote yali ateekateeka kumukwata olw’okukozesa obubi ssente z’amagye, Amin yawamba obuyinza nga yeyambisa amaggye mu kyayitibwa military coup ng’ayambibwako ba agenti ba gavumenti ya Yisirayiri nga 25 Ogusooka 1971, nga Obote ali mu lukiiko lwa Commonwealth summit mu Singapore. Abajaasi abeesigwa eri Amin baasiba ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe ne bawamba Kampala. Abajaasi bazingako amaka ga Obote ne baziba n'enguudo ennene. Ebyafulumizibwa ku leediyo Uganda byalumiriza gavumenti ya Obote okubamu obuli bw'enguzi n'okuyisa abantu b'omu kitundu ky'e Lango mu ngeri ey'enjawulo . Abantu bawulirwa ku nguudo z'omu Kampala nga bajjabaganya oluvannyuma lw'okuwulira eby'ali biweerezeddwa ku leediyo. Amin, eyeeyanjula ng’omujaasi, so si munnabyabufuzi, yalangirira nti gavumenti y’amagye ejja kusigala ng’obukulembeze obulabirizi okutuusa ng’okulonda okupya, okwali okw'okubaawo ng’embeera emaze okudda mu nteeko. Yasuubizza okuyimbula abasibe bonna abaali bakwatibwa olw'ebyobufuzi .

Amin yakola olumbe lw’eggwanga mu Gwokuna 1971 olwa Ssekabaka Edward Mutesa owa Buganda era pulezidenti, eyali afiiridde mu buwanganguse.

Obukulembeze

 

Okuteekawo obufuzi bw’amagye

Nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1971, oluvannyuma lwa Sabbiiti emu ng'okuwamba gavumenti kuwedde, Amin y'erangirira nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda, omuduumizi w’amagye, akulira amagye ga Uganda, era akulira amaggye g’omu bbanga. Yayimiriza obuwaayiro obumu obwa Ssemateeka wa Uganda, era mu bbanga ttono n’atandikawo olukiiko oluwabula ku by'okwerinda nga lwalimu abaserikale b’amagye nga ye Ssentebe. Amin yateeka kkooti z'amagye waggulu w'enkola ya civil law, n'alonda abajaasi ku bifo eby'oku ntikko mu gavumenti n'ebitongole bya gavumenti, era n'ategeeza ba Minisita ba kabineeti aba bulijjo abaali balondeddwa nti baali bakuyisibwa mu empisa ennungi n'obukkakamu nga bakolagana n'abantu abalala (military courtesy). Enkola ya Amin ey'obwannakyemalira (ruled by decree) ; mu kiseera ky’obukulembeze bwe yafulumya ebiragiro nga 30.

Amin yakyusa erinnya lya ly'ekisulo kya Pulezidenti mu Kampala okuva mu Government House n'akituuma "The Command Post". Yasatulula ekitongole ekikessi ekya General Service Unit (GSU) ekyatondebwawo gavumenti eyasooka, n’akisikiza n'ekitongole ky'ebyokunoonyereza ekya State Research Bureau (SRB). Ekitebe kya SRB e Nakasero kyafuuka ekifo ky'okuttulugunya abantu n’okuta ng'ekibonerezo mu myaka egyaddirira. Ebitongole ebirala ebyakozesebwanga okuyigganya abaali bawakanya mwalimu poliisi y’amagye n’ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda mu bantu ekya Public Sfety Unit (PSU).

Obote yabudamako mu Tanzania, nga Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere amuwaddeyo ekifo ekikuumirwamu obuddukiro. Obote yegattibwako Bannayuganda ababundabunda 20,000 abadduka mu Amin. Abawanganguse baagezaako naye ne balemererwa okweddiza Uganda mu 1972, nga bayita mu kaweefube w’okuwamba gavumenti mu ngeri etategekebwa bulungi.

Okuyigganyizibwa kw’amawanga n’ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi

Bangi ku bantu abaakosebwa gavumenti ya Amin baafiira mu bisenge eby’okutulugunyizibwa mu kiseera kye.

Amin yeesasuza olw’okugezaako okulumba kw'aBannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse mu 1972 bwe yagogola Eggye lya Uganda nga agyamu abawagizi ba Obote, ng’okusinga abo baali bava mu mawanga ga Acholi ne Lango . Mu Gwomusanvu 1971, abajaasi ba Lango ne Acholi baali batirimbulwa mu bbaalakisi y'e Jinja ne Mbarara . Ku ntandikwa ya 1972, abajaasi ba Acholi ne Lango nga 5,000, n’abantu baabulijjo abaali bakubisamu mirundi ebiri, baali babula. Mu bbanga ttono, abaakosebwa baatuuka n’abantu ab’amawanga amalala, bannaddiini, bannamawulire, abayiiya, ab'ebitiibwa mu gavumenti, abalamuzi, bannamateeka, abayizi n’abagezigezi, abateeberezebwa okuba abamenyi b’amateeka, n’abagwira. Mu mbeera eno ey’effujjo, abantu abalala bangi battibwa olw’ebigendererwa by’obumenyi bw’amateeka oba olw’okwagala. Oluusi emirambo gyasuulibwanga mu mugga Kiyira.

Ettemu lino eryakumibwamu omuliro aba mawanga, ebyobufuzi, n’eby’ensimbi, lyagenda mu maaso mu myaka omunaana Amin gye yamala ng’omukulembeze. Omuwendo omutuufu ogw’abantu abattiddwa tegumanyiddwa. Akakiiko k'abalamuzi n'ebannamateeka ak'ensi yonna aka International Commission of Jurists kateebereza nti omuwendo gw’abattibwa gwali tegukka wansi wa 80,000 ate nga guyinza okuba nga guwera 300,000. Okubalirira okwakung’aanyizibwa ebibiina by’abawangalira mu buwanganguse nga biyambibwako ekitongole kya Amnesty International kulaga nti omuwendo gw’abattibwa guli 500,000.

Mu kitabo kye ekya 1997 State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin, Henry Kyemba (eyali minisita wa Uganda okumala emyaka esatu mu kabineti ya Amin) agamba nti 'enneyisa ya Amin yandiba ng'esibuka ku buvo bwe oba ekika kye'. Okufaananako n’ebibiina by’abalwanyi ebirala bingi, Abakakwa, ekika kya Amin, bamanyiddwa nti baakolanga emikolo gy’omusaayi ku balabe abattibwa. Bino bizingiramu okusala ekifi ku mulambo okusobola okufuga omwoyo gw’omufu oba okuloza ku musaayi gw’oyo attiddwa okusobola okufuula omwoyo ogwo obutaba gwa bulabe. Emikolo egy’engeri eno gikyaliyo mu Bakakwa. Enkola za Amin tezikoma ku kuloza ku musaayi: emirundi egiwerako y'annewanirangako n’abalala nti yalyako mu nnyama y’omuntu. (Kyemba 109–10)

Mu bantu abamanyiddwa ennyo abattibwa mwe muli Benedicto Kiwanuka eyali Ssaabaminisita ne Ssaabalamuzi ; Janani Luwum, ssaabalabiriziw'aba Anglican ; Joseph Mubiru, eyali Gavana wa banka enkulu eya Uganda ; Frank Kalimuzo, omumyuka wa Cansala wa Yunivasite y'e Makerere ; Byron Kawadwa, omuwandiisi w’emizannyo omututumufu; ne baminisita babiri abaali ku kabinenti ya Amin, Erinayo Wilson Oryema ne Charles Oboth Ofumbi .

Amin yayingiza abagoberezi be okuva mu ggwanga ly'Abakakwa, wamu n’aba South Sudan, n’Abanubbi. Mu 1977, ebibinja bino ebisatu byakola ebitundu 60 ku 100 ku ba Genero 22 ab’oku ntikko ate ebitundu 75 ku 100 ku kabineti. Mu ngeri y’emu Abasiraamu baakola ebitundu 80 ku 100 n’ebitundu 87.5 ku buli 100 ku bibinja bino newankubadde nga baali ebitundu 5 ku buli 100 bokka ku miwendo gy'abantu. Kino kiyambako mu kunnyonnyola ensonga lwaki Amin yasimattuka okuwamba gavumenti ye emirundi munaana. Amagye ga Uganda gakula okuva ku 10,000 okutuuka ku 25,000 mu mwaka gwa 1978. Amagye ga Amin okusinga gaali ga kupangisa. Ekitundu ky’abajaasi baali ba South Sudan ate ebitundu 26 ku 100 baali ba Congo, nga ebitundu 24 ku 100 bokka be Bannayuganda ng’abasinga Basiraamu n'Abakakwa .  

Ababundabunda okuva mu kibiina kya Uganda ekya Asian Community mu Budaaki, Ogwekkuminogumu 1972

Mu Gwomunaana 1972, Amin yalangirira kye yayita "olutalo lw'ebyenfuna", enkola ezaalimu okunyaga ebintu eby'Aba yindi n'Abazungu. Bannayuganda aba Asia 80,000 abasinga baali bava ku Ssemazinga wa Buyindi era nga bazaalibwa mu ggwanga lino, bajjajjaabwe baali bazze mu Uganda nga banoonya obugagga mu kiseera nga Buyindi ekyali ttundutundu lya Bungereza. Bangi baalina bizinensi, omwali amakolero amanene, ebyakola omugongo gw’ebyenfuna bya Uganda. Mu butuufu, yatuuka n'okuyita Abayindi "Abayudaaya" olw'okufuga kwabwe mu by'obusuubuzi n'okulowoozebwa nti bafuga ebyenfuna. Ekirala, Amin yalaga okusaasira kwe eri Hitler bwe yagamba nti Hitler mutuufu olw'okwokya Abayudaaya abaali basoba mu bukadde omukaaga kubanga "Abayisirayiri si bantu abakolera obuntu."

Nga 4 Ogwomunaana 1972, Amin yafulumya ekiragiro ng'alagira okugoba Abayindi 50,000 abaali balina paasipooti z’Abangereza. Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa ne kizingiramu abantu bonna aba Asia 60,000 abataali bannansi ba Uganda. Amin yagamba nti yali afunye ekirooto Katonda nga amugamba nti alina okugoba Abayindi bonna olw’obulungi bwa Uganda. Ekirala, yali alowooza nti Abayindi bano be baali bataataganya eby'enfuna bya Uganda. Okugatta ku ekyo, ensonga Amin ze yayogerako zaali ziraga nti abantu yasinzira ku bungi bw'abwe okubagoba . Bannayuganda-Abayindi abawera 30,000 be basenguka ne bagenda mu Bungereza. Abalala baagenda mu mawanga agali wansi w'omukago gwa Commonwealth nga Australia, South Africa, Canada ne Fiji oba mu Buyindi, Kenya, Pakistan, Sweden, Tanzania ne Amerika . Amin yanyaga bizinensi n’ebintu eby’Aba Asia n’Abazungu n’abikwasa abawagizi be. Awatali bannannyini n’abalina obumanyirivu, bizinensi z'addukanyizibwa bubi era amakolero mangi ne gagwa olw’obutaba na bukugu mu mirimu n’okuziddukanya. Kino kyalaga nti kya kabi eri eby'enfuna bya Uganda ebyali bikenderedde ddala. Mu kiseera ekyo, abantu b’omu Asia baali bakola ebitundu 90% ku nsimbi z’omusolo mu ggwanga; olw’okuggyibwako, gavumenti ya Amin yafiirwa ekitundu kinene ku nsimbi gavumenti ze yafuna. Ebyenfuna byonna wabula byagwa.

Idi Amin yatta abasuubuzi Abawalabu aba Yemen Hadrami ababalirirwamu 500.

Mu 1975, Emmanuel Bwayo Wakhweya, Minisita wa Amin ow’ebyensimbi era eyaweerereza ebbanga eddene mu kabineti ow'ekiseera ekyo, yasuulawo emirimu n'addukira mu kibuga jya Bungereza ekikulu London . Okwewaggula kuno kwayamba Henry Kyemba, minisita w’ebyobulamu wa Amin era eyali omukungu mu gavumenti ya Obote eyasooka, okwewaggula mu 1977 n’asiisira mu Bungereza. Kyemba yawandiika era n’afulumya akatabo ka A State of Blood, eyasooka okubikkula obukulembeze bwa Amin obw’omunda.

Nga 25 Ogwomukaaga 1976, olukiiko lw’ebyokwerinda lwalangirira Amin okubeera Pulezidenti obulamu bwe bwonna .

Enkolagana y’ensi yonna

Mu kusooka, Amin yawagirwa amawanga g’oBugwanjuba nga Yisirayiri, West Germany, n’okusingira ddala Bungereza. Mu myaka gya 1960 nga gigenda okuggwaako, ekisinde kya Obote eky'atuumibwa move to the left, nga kino ky'alimu Common Man’s Charter ye n’okufuula kkampuni 80 eza Bungereza eza gavumenti kyaleetawo okutya mu mawanga g'ebulaaya nti kino ky'andiviirako okukendeera mu by'obugagga by'e baali bafuna mu Afrika n’okuteeka Uganda mu omukago gwa Soviet Union . Amin eyali aweerezzaako mu maggye g'amatwale aga King's African Rifles n'okwetaba mu lutalo lw'Abangereza okukkakanya okwegugunga kwa Mau Mau nga Uganda tennafuna bwetwaze, Abangereza baali bamumanyi nga 'omuntu omwesiimbu eri Bungereza'.. . Kino kyamufuula omulonde ey'eyoleka ng’omusika wa Obote. Wadde nga abamu bagamba nti Amin yateekebwateekebwa okuweebwa obuyinza nga mu 1966, olukwe lw’Abangereza n’amawanga amalala ag’amawanga g’obugwanjuba lw'atandika n’amaanyi mu 1969, oluvannyuma lwa Obote okutandika enteekateeka ye ey’okufuula eggwanga.

Mu mwaka gwonna ogwasooka ogw’obwapulezidenti, Amin yafuna obuyambi obukulu mu by’amagye n’ensimbi okuva mu Bungereza ne Yisirayiri. Mu Gwomusanvu 1971 yakyala mu mawanga gombi n’asaba eby'okulwanyisa eby’amagye eby’omulembe, kyokka amawanga ne gagaana okuwaayo ebikozesebwa okuggyako nga gavumenti ya Uganda ebisasulidde. Amin yasalawo okunoonya obuyambi awalala era mu Gwokubiri 1972 yakyalira Libya . Amin yavumirira enzikiriza ya Zionism, era mu kwanukula omukulembeze wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi n’asuubiza okuwola Uganda obukadde bwa ddoola 25 mu bwangu okugobererwa okuwola okulala okuva mu bbanka ya Libya–Ugandan Development Bank. Mu myezi egyaddirira Amin yaggyawo abawabuzi b’amagye ga Yisirayiri mu gavumenti ye, n’agoba abakugu abalala bonna aba Yisirayiri, era okukkakkana ng’amenyawo enkolagana y’ekikungu. Gaddafi era ye yatabaganya okugonjoola obukuubagano obwaliwo wakati wa Uganda ne Sudan, era Amin yakkiriza okukomya okuwagira abayeekera ba Anyanya mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Sudan era mu kifo ky'ekyo yayingiza abaaliko abayeekera mu magye ge

Oluvanyuma lw’okugobwa kw’Abayuganda-Abayindi mu 1972 ng’abasinga baali bava mu Buyindi, Buyindi yasalako enkolagana yaayo ne Uganda. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, ng'ekitundu ku "lutalo lwe olw'ebyenfuna", Amin yamenyawo enkolagana y'abakungu ne Bungereza ne yeddiza bizinensi zonna eza Bungereza nazifuula za Uganda. Bungereza ne Yisirayiri bakomya eby'obusuubuzi byonna bye baali bakola ne Uganda, naye omuwatwa guno ogw'ebyobusuubuzi gwazibibwa mangu nnyo Libya, Amerika, ne Soviet Union.

Soviet Union wansi wa Leonid Brezhnev yeeyongera okwagala Uganda ng’enkola ey’obukodyo ey’okuziyiza obuyinza bwa Bachina obwali bulowoozebwa mu Tanzania n’obuyinza bw’amawanga g'Ebulaaya mu Kenya. Yasindika amagye mu Uganda mu Gwekkuminogumu 1973. Wadde nga yali tesobola kuvugirira mutindo gwa nsimbi ogwali gufunibwa okuva mu mawanga g’Ebulaaya, Soviet Union yasalawo okuwa Amin ebikozesebwa mu by’amagye okufuna obuwagizi bwe. Soviet Union mu bwangu ddala yafuuka omuvugirizi wa Amin mu by'okulwanyisa nga yaweereza Uganda ttanka z'amagye ennwanyi, ennyonyi nnamunkanga, ebikompola, n'ebyokulwanyisa ebitono. Mu 1975, kyateeberezebwa nti Abasoviyeti baali bawadde gavumenti ya Amin obukadde bwa ddoola 12 okumuyambako mu by’enfuna n’obukadde bwa ddoola 48 mu by’okulwanyisa. Amin naye yasindika Bannayuganda enkumi eziwera mu mawanga ga Eastern Bloc okutendekebwa mu by’amagye, ebukessi, n’eby’ekikugu naddala Czechoslovakia . East Germany yali yeenyigira mu kitongole kya General Service Unit ne State Research Bureau, ebitongole ebibiri ebyasinga okumanyika olw’obutujju. Mu kiseera Uganda we yalumbira Tanzania mu 1979, East Germany yagezaako okuggyawo obujulizi obulaga nti yali ekolaganye n'ebitongole bino.

Mu Gwekkuminebiri wa 1973, Amin yatongoza enkola ey’okusaaga ‘Save Britain Fund’ mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’eby’enfuna mu 1973–1975 'okutereka n'okuyamba abaali abakulembeze b'amatwale okuva mu njega y'eby'enfuna' nga bawaayo eby'etaago ng'emmere n’okukunga Bannayuganda okuwaayo. Mu 1974, yawaayo okukyaza n’okutabaganya enteeseganya okumalawo obukuubagano mu Northern Ireland, n'okukkiriza nti ekifo kya Uganda ng’eyali ettundutundu lya Bungereza kigikakkatako okukikola.

Amin akyalidde nnakyemalira wa Zairi Mobutu mu lutalo lwa Shaba I mu 1977

Mu Gwomukaaga 1976, Amin yakkiriza ennyonyi ya Air France okuva mue Tel Aviv okutuuka e Paris ng'eno yali ewambibwa bammemba babiri ab’ekibiina kya Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations (PFLP-EO) ne ba mmemba babiri ab'ekibiina kya German Revolutionäre Zellen okukka ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe. Abawambi bano beegattako bannaabwe abalala basatu. Amangu ddala nga wayise ekiseera, abawambe 156 abatali Bayudaaya era nga tebalina paasipooti za Yisirayiri baayimbulwa ne batwalibwa mu ne batwalibwa mu kifo ekitali kya bulabe, wabula ate Abayudaaya 83 ne bannansi ba Yisirayiri, wamu n’abalala 20 abaagaana okubasuula (mu bano mwalimu kapiteeni n’abakozi b’ennyonyi ya Air France eyawambibwa), ne basigala nga bawambe. Mu kikwekweto kya Yisirayiri eky’okununula ekyatuumibwa erinnya lya Operation Thunderbolt (ekimanyiddwa ennyo nga Operation Entebbe ), mu kiro ekya 3–4 Ogwomusanvu 1976, ekibinja kya bakomando ba Yisirayiri b'ava mu Yisirayiri ne bawamba obuyinza ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, ne basumulula kumpi abawambe bonna. Abawambe basatu baafiira mu kikwekweto kino ate 10 ne balumizibwa; abawambi musanvu, abajaasi ba Uganda nga 45, n’omujaasi wa Yisirayiri omu, Yoni Netanyahu (omuduumizi w’ekibinja kino) battibwa. Omuwambe owokuna, Dora Bloch ow’emyaka 75, omukyala omuyudaaya omuzungu omukadde eyali atwaliddwa mu ddwaaliro e Mulago mu Kampala nga tebannaba kudduukirira bantu, oluvannyuma yatemulwa mu kwesasuza. Bino byayongera kutabula nkolagana ya Uganda mu nsi yonna, ekyaviirako Bungereza okuggala ekitebe ky'ayo ekikulu mu Uganda. Mu kwesasuza olw’obuyambi bwa Kenya mu kikwekweto kino, Amin era yalagira okutta ebikumi n’ebikumi by’Abakenya abaali babeera mu Uganda.

Uganda wansi wa Amin yatandika okuzimba enkambi z'amagye enene ekyaleetawo okweraliikirira mu Kenya. Ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 1975, abakungu ba Kenya baakwata oluseregende lw'emmotoka ezaali zetisse eby'okulwanyisa ebyali biweerezeddwa aba Soviet Union mu lugendo nga bayingira Uganda ku mwalo gw’e Mombasa . Obunkenke wakati wa Uganda ne Kenya bwatuuka ku ntikko mu Gwokubiri 1976, Amin bwe yalangirira nti agenda kunoonyereza ku ky'ebitundu by’oBukiikaddyo bwa Sudan n’Obuggwanjuba saako amasekkati ga Kenya, okutuukira ddala mu kilommita 32 (20 mi) eza Nairobi, mu byafaayo zaali kitundu kya Uganda eyali efugibwa amatwale. Gavumenti ya Kenya yayanukula n’ebigambo ebikakali nti Kenya tegenda kwawukana n'akitundu kyayo kyonna . Amin yadda emabega oluvannyuma lw’amagye ga Kenya okuyiwa amagye n'emmotoka ennwanyi era ezitambuza abasirikale ku nsalo ya Kenya ne Uganda. Enkolagana ya Amin ne Rwanda yali ya bunkenke, era mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwe, enfunda eziwera yateeka ebyenfuna byayo mu matigga bwe yagaana mmotoka zaayo ez’ebyobusuubuzi okuyita okugenda e Mombasa era n’atiisatiisa emirundi mingi okukuba bbomu e Kigali .

Olutalo ne Tanzania n’okugobwa

 

Amin mu 1979 nga olutalo luwedde

Mu Gusooka 1977 Amin yalonda General Mustafa Adrisi omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda. Omwaka ogwo, enjawukana mu magye ga Uganda yatandika wakati w’abawagizi ba Amin n’abajaasi abeesigwa eri Adrisi, eyalina obuyinza obw’amaanyi mu gavumenti era nga baagala okugya abagwira naddala Abasudan mu magye. Obutali bumativu obwali bweyongedde mu magye ga Uganda bweyola oluvannyuma lw'okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti enfunda eziwera; Amin yatuuka n’okukosebwa ku lulumba olumu kw'ezo, kwe kugamba Operation Mafuta Mingi mu Gwomukaaga 1977. Mu mwaka gwa 1978, omuwendo gw’abawagizi ba Amin n’abakolagana naye ab’oku lusegere gwali gukendedde nnyo, era yayolekagana n’okuwakanya okweyongera okuva mu bantu munda mu Uganda ng’ebyenfuna n’ebizimbe bigwa olw’emyaka egy’okulagajjalirwa n’okukozesebwa obubi. Oluvannyuma lw’okuttibwa kw’Omulabirizi Luwum n’abaweereza Oryema ne Oboth Ofumbi mu 1977, baminisita ba Amin abawerako beewaggula era ne baddukira mu buwanganguse. Ku ntandikwa ya 1978, Adrisi yafuna ebisago eby’amaanyi mu kabenje k’emmotoka era n’atwalibwa mu nnyonyi e Cairo okufuna obujjanjabi. Nga ali eyo, Amin yamuggyako ebifo bya Minisita w’ebyokwerinda ne minisita w’ensonga z’omunda n’amuvumirira olw’okuwummula emirimu gy'omukulu w'amakomera ow'okuntikko nga tamanyi. Amin yagenda mu maaso n’okugoba abakungu abawerako ab’amaanyi mu gavumenti ye era n’atwala obuyinza ku bubwe ku bifo bya baminisita ebiwerako. Okukankana kuno kwaleetawo obutabanguko mu by'obufuzi n’okusingira ddala okunyiiza abagoberezi ba Adrisi, nga balowooza nti akabenje k’emmotoka yali kaweefube w’okutta naye ne balemererwa.

Mu Gwekkuminogumu 1978, amagye agaali amesimbu eri Adrisi gaajeema. Amin yasindika amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera, abamu ku bo nga baali badduse okusukka ensalo ya Tanzania. Okulwanagana kw'abalukawo ku nsalo eyo, era amagye ga Uganda galumbagana amatwale ga Tanzania mu mbeera ezitategeerekeka bulungi. Okusinziira ku bakugu ne bannabyabufuzi abawerako, Amin yalagira butereevu okulumba ng’agezaako okuwugula amagye ga Uganda n’abantu okuva ku buzibu obwaliwo mu Ggwanga ly'abwe. Kyokka, ebiwandiiko ebirala biraga nti Amin yali takyalina buyinza ku bitundu by’amagye ga Uganda, kale envumbo ya Amin olw’okulumba yali kikolwa kya post-facto okutaasa ebyali bikwata ku magye agaali galumbye awatali kiragiro. Mu ngeri yonna, Amin yalumiriza Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Julius Nyerere okutandika olutalo ne Uganda oluvannyuma lw'obulabe okubalukawo era n'alangirira okugatta ekitundu kya Kagera ng'okulumba kwa Uganda mu kusooka bwe kwalaga nti kwali kwa buwanguzi. Wabula Tanzania bwe yatandika okuteekateeka okuddamu okulumba, kigambibwa nti Amin yategeera embeera ye etali nnungi, era n’agezaako okukkakkanya obukuubagano nga tavudde mu mbeera. Pulezidenti wa Uganda yawa ekiteeso mu lujjudde nti ye ne Nyerere beetaekoa mu muzanyo gw’ebikonde nga mudda gw'ali gwakulaga ebinaava mu lutalo. [ a ] Nyerere y'ebalama obubaka obwo.

Mu Gusooka 1979, Nyerere yakunga eggye lya Tanzania People’s Defence Force ne liddamu okulumba, nga ly'egatiddwako ebibinja bya Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse nga Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). Amagye ga Amin gawanika newankubadde nga baali bafuna obuyambi okuva ewa Muammar Gaddafi owa Libya n’ekitongole kya Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) kyayambibwako amagye. Kigambibwa nti Pulezidenti y'atambula engendo eziwerako ebweru w'eggwanga mu mawanga nga Saudi Arabia ne Iraq mu kiseera ky'olutalo, ng'agenderera okufuna obuwagizi obulala okuva ebweru . Yalabikako mu lujjudde mu myezi egyasembayo egy'obukulembeze bwe, naye yayogera nnyo ku leediyo ne ttivvi. Oluvanyuma lw’okuwangulwa mu lutalo lw’e Lukaya, kigambibwa nti ebimu ku ebitundu mu magye ga Uganda by'asaba Amin okuva mu ntebe. Kino yagaana mu busungu obwekika eky'awaggulu era n’alangirira nti: 'bwe muba temwagala kulwana, nja kwelwanira' Ekyavaamu kwali kugoba aeyali avunaanyizibwa ku mbeera z'abannamagye Yusuf Gowon . Kyokka Amin yawalirizibwa okudduka mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda ng'akozesa nnamunkanga nga 11 Ogwokuna 1979, Kampala bwe yawambibwa . Oluvannyuma lw'okugezaako okumala akaseera katono okukungaanya abamu ku bisigalira mu magye ga Uganda mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda nga kigambibwa nti mwalimu Amin okulangirira ekibuga Jinja ng'ekibuga ekikulu eky'ensi ye ekiggya, yadduka n'agenda mu buwanganguse. Amin we yaggyibwa mu buyinza, yali akyayiddwaa nnyo mu Uganda. Obubonero bw’obukulembeze bwe, ebifaananyi bye, n’ebizimbe ebikwatagana byonna byayonoonebwa mu lutalo n’oluvannyuma lw’olutalo.

Omusingo gw'okukwatibwa/ okuttibwa

Amin bwe yaddukira mu buwanganguse, magazini ya Soldier of Fortune eyafuluma mu Gwomwenda 1979 yali esuubizza okuwa omuntu yenna eyali alina amawulire gonna ag'oleka wa eyali Pulezidenti wa Uganda, Idi Amin gye yali addukidde gwa doola 10,000 mu zaabu. Robert K. Brown, omufulumya wa magazini eno yawulirwa ng’agamba nti “Tuggyako ekika ky’omuntu ssekinnoomu Amin ky’ali.Alina okuleetebwa mu kkooti era oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa abalamuzi ba banne, abonerezebwa.”

Obkuwang’anguse

Amin yasooka kuddukira mu Libya, gye yabeera okutuusa mu 1980, era okukkakkana ng’asenzea e Saudi Arabia ng'eno ab’olulyo olulangira mu Saudi Arabia gye baamukkiriza okubudama era ne bamusasula ensimbi ennyingi nga engeri y'okumwebaza olw'okuva mu by'obufuzi. Amin yamala emyaka egiwerako ng'abeera ku myaliiro ebiri egy’oku ntikko ya wooteeri ya Novotel ku luguudo lwa Palestine mu kibuga Jeddah. Brian Barron, eyaweereza olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania ku lwa BBC ng’omusasi omukulu mu Afrika ng’ali wamu n’omukwasi wa kkamera Mohamed Amin (tebelinako luganda) owa Visnews eya Nairobi, baazuula Amin nga 4 Ogwomukaaga 1980, era ne bafuna emboozi ey'akafubo naye nga eno yeyasooka okuva lwe yagibwa mu ntebe. Nga ali mu buwanganguse, Amin yaweereza ssente eri bannamaggye abaali b'alwana mu lutalo lw'omunsiko olwa Uganda Bush War . Newankubadde nga yasigala awakanyizibwa abantu, abamu ku baali abagoberezi ba Amin awamu n’ebibinja by’abayeekera ebiwerako byagenda mu maaso n’okulwana mu linnya lye okumala emyaka kkumi era oluusi bawanjagira okusonyiyibwa kwe n’okuzzibwa ku ntebe y'obwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda. Mu mboozi ze yawa ng'ali mu buwanganguse mu Saudi Arabia, Amin yagamba nti Uganda yali ekyamwetaaga era teyalaga ngeri yonna ey'okwejjusa olw’obukambwe obwaliwo mu kisanja kye.

Mu Gusooka 1989, Amin yava mu buwanganguse nga tafunye lukusa okuva mu gavumenti ya Saudi Arabia n’alinnya ennyonyi n’omu ku batabani be n’agenda e Zaire . Eyo, yagenderera okukungaanya eggye ly’abayeekera okuddamu okuwamba Uganda ekyavaamu lutalo olulala olw’omunda mu kiseera ekyo. Aba famire ye abalala baasigalayo mu Jeddah. Newankubadde yakozesa paasipooti ya Zaire ey’ekikwangala, Amin yategeerekeka mangu nnyo olw'ali okutuuka mu nnyonyi ya Air Zaïre ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi e N’djili era amangu ago n’akwatibwa ab’ebyokwerinda mu Zaire. Gavumenti ya Zaire yayisiza ddala bubi Amin mu kutuuka kwe era bagezaako n'okumugoba mu ggwanga lyaabwe. Mu kusooka, Saudi Arabia yali emugaanye okuddayo, kubanga gavumenti yaayo yali enyiize nnyo nga bagamba nti 'yali ayisizza olugaayu mu ku mwola kwebaali bakoze' bwe yasalawo okuvaayo nga tafunye lukusa nga yali akikolwa olw'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi. Gavumenti ya Zaire yali teyagala kuwaayo Amin mu Uganda eyali pulezidenti gye yali avunaanibwa emisango gy’obutemu wadde okumukuumira e Zaire, bwe kityo oky'aviirako okusika omuguwa mu nkolagana y’ensi yonna. Ekyavaamu, Amin yagobebwa n'agenda mu Senegal gye yali alina okusindikibwa okuddayo mu Saudi Arabia, kyokka gavumenti ya Senegal n’emuzzaayo e Zaire Saudi Arabia bwe yagenda mu maaso n’okumma Amin viza. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira kwa Kabaka wa Morocco Hassan II, gavumenti ya Saudi Arabia yasembye okukkakkana n'ekkiriza Amin okudda. Mu kuddamu, Amin yalina okusuubiza obutaddamu kwetaba mu mirimu gyonna egy’ebyobufuzi oba egy’amagye, wadde okuwa yintaviyu. Ekyavaamu obulamu bwe bwonna yabumala mu Saudi Arabia.

Mu myaka egyasembayo egy’obulamu bwe, kigambibwa nti Amin yalya emmere erimu ebibala . Okulya emicungwa buli lunaku kyamuweesa erinnya "Dr Jaffa " mu bantu ba Saudi Arabia.

Obulwadde n’okufa kwe

Nga 19 Ogwomusanvu 2003, mukyala wa Amin owokuna, Nalongo Madina, yategeeza nti yali mu kkoma era anaatera okufa mu ddwaaliro lya King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center mu Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, olw’obulwadde bw’ekibumba. Yeegayirira Pulezidenti wa Uganda, Yoweri Museveni, okumukkiriza okukomawo mu Uganda obulamu bwe bwali busidde. Museveni yayanukula ng'amba nti 'Amin yali wa kunnyonyola ebikolwa n'ebibi bye singa akomawo mu Uganda. Famire ya Amin yatuuka n'esalawo okuggyako ebyuma eby'ali bimuyambako okussa era Amin n’afiira mu ddwaaliro e Jeddah nga 16 Ogwomunaana 2003. Yaziikibwa mu limbo y'e Ruwais e Jeddah mu ntaana ennyangu, awatali kabonero konna kakolebwa ng'omuntu ow'ekitiibwa aziikibwa.

Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Amin, David Owen yategeeza nti mu kisanja kye ng’omuwandiisi wa Bungereza ow’ensonga z’ebweru (1977 okutuuka mu 1979), yali ateesezza nti Amin attibwe . Kino akiwolerezza ng’awakanya nti: 'ssi swala olw'endowooza eyo kubanga ekisanja kye kibalibwa ng'ekimu ku bisanja eby'ali bisinga obubi mu bukulembeze bwa Afrika .

Famire ye n’abo be bayakolagana nabo

Ebyasigalira ku lubiri lwa Amin okumpi n'ennyanja Nnalubaale

Idi Amin yawasa abakazi mukaaga, nga ku bano basatu yawawukana nabo. Yawasa mukazi we eyasooka n'owokubiri Malyamu ne Kay mu 1966. Mu 1967, yawasa Nora, n’oluvannyuma n’awasa Nalongo Madina mu 1972. Nga 26 Ogwokusatu 1974, yalangirira ku Radio Uganda nti yali atalase Malyamu, Kay ne Nora. ​ Malyamu yakwatibwa mu Tororo ku nsalosalo za Kenya mu Gwokuna 1974 ng'avunaanibwa ogw'okugezaako okukukusa engoye mu Kenya Mu 1974, Kay Amin yafa mu ngeri ey'ewunyisa ng'omulambo gwe ne gwasangibwa gutemeddwatemeddwa. Nora yaddukira e Zaire mu 1979; ebimukwatako kaakano tebimanyikiddwa.

Mu Gwomusanvu 1975, Amin yategeka embaga ya miliyooni 2 eza pawundi okuwasa omuwala ow'emyaka 19 Sarah Kyolaba, omuzinyi wa go-go mu kibiina kya Revolutionary Suicide Mechanized Regiment Band, ekyakazibwako erya "Suicide Sarah". Embaga eno yabaddewo mu kiseera ky'olukiiko lw'ekibiina kya Organisation of African Unity (OAU) mu Kampala, era ssentebe w'ekibiina kya Palestine Liberation Organisation, Yasser Arafat, yakola nga kalabaalaba wa Amin . Nga tannasisinkana Amin, Sarah yali abeera ne muganzi we, Jesse Gitta; yabula era tekinnategeerekeka oba yasalibwako omutwe, oba yasibibwa oluvannyuma lw'okuddukira mu Kenya . Abafumbo bano baalina abaana bana era nga banyumirwa nnyo okuvuga emmotoka z’empaka ya Amin ekika kya Citroën SM, nga Sarah ye musomi wa maapu. Sarah yali musibi wa nviiri mu Tottenham mu kaseera weyafira mu 2015.

Mercedes Benz ya Amin gye yalina wakati wa 1972 ne 1979

Mu 1993, Amin yali abeera n’abaana be omwenda abasembayo n’omukyala omu, Mama a Chumaru, maama w’abaana be bana abato. Omwana we eyasembayo okumanyibwa, muwala we Iman, yazaalibwa mu 1992. Okusinziira ku lupapula lwa Daily Monitor, Amin yaddamu n'awasa ng’ebula emyezi mitono afe mu 2003.

Amin yazaala abaana abasoba mu 60. [ b ] Okutuuka mu 2003, Taban Amin (yazaalibwa 1955), Mutabani wa Amin omukulu, yali mukulembeze wa West Nile Bank Front (WNBF), ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekyali kiwakanya gavumenti ya Yoweri Museveni. Mu 2005, Museveni yamusonyiwa, ate mu 2006, n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Dayirekita w’ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda munda mu ggwanga . Omulala ku batabani ba Amin, Haji Ali Amin, yeesimbawo ku bwa Ssentebe (kwe kugamba meeya) wa Town Council y'e Njeru mu 2002 kyokka teyalondebwa.

Omwana wa Sarah Kyolaba owookusatu, Faisal Wangita (yazaalibwa mu 1983 mu Uganda; okusinziira ku ye yazaalibwa mu 1981 mu Saudi Arabia) yali yeenyigira mu butemu obw’obukambwe obw’ekibinja e Camden, North London, mu 2006. Ku nsonga eno, yasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibwa emyaka etaano mu 2007, olw’okwekobaana okulumya, okwekobaana n’okubeera n'eby'okulwanyisa eby'obulabe n'okukyankalanya. Yasingisibwa emisango gy’okusangibwa n’ebyokulwanyisa eby'obulabe, obubbi n’obufere mu myaka egyayita.

Ku ntandikwa ya 2007, firimu eyawangula engule eya The Last King of Scotland yaleetera omu ku batabani be, Jaffar Amin (yazaalibwa mu 1967), okwogera nga awolereza kitaawe. Jaffar Amin agamba nti yali awandiika kitabo okuddaabiriza erinnya lya kitaawe. Jaffar ye mwana wa kkumi ku baana 40 abatongole aba Amin abazaalibwa abakyala musanvu abatongole.

Mu baali basinga enkolagana ne Amin mwalimu omuzungu Bob Astles . Isaac Maliyamungu yali muyambi wa bikozesebwa era omu ku baserikale abaali batiibwa ennyo mu ggye lya Amin.

Enneyisa

Amannya amapatiike

Mu myaka gye yamala mu buweereza, Amin yafuna amannya mangi, nga mangi ku go nga ganyoomola ekitiibwa kye:

• "Big Daddy": erinnya epaatiike ery'omukwano
• kijambiya ("the machete "): kigambibwa nti ab'ebyokwerinda mu Uganda batera okutta abantu baabwe n'ebijambiya.
• "Omusanjazi wa Uganda"
• "Omusanjazi wa Uganda"
• "Omusanjazi wa Kampala"
• "Hitler Omuddugavu"
• "Dada": Kikaayanirwa oba lino lyali kitundu ku linnya lya famire ya Amin oba lyali paatiike. Abamu ku batunuulizi bagamba nti ly'ali linnya epaatike ery'enneyisa ya Amin "ey'obutiitizi", anti eyinza okuvvuunulwa nga "mwannyina", newankubadde nga kino kibadde kiwakanyibwa abalala. Famire ya Amin etegeezezza nti "Dada" lyali linnya eddala ery'abantu b'e Lugbara oluusi erikozesebwa ng'erinnya ly'omuntu. Omunoonyereza Mark Leopold yasalawo nti kino kyali kisukka ku linnya epaatiike.
• "Dr. Jaffa": yafuna erinnya lino mu buwanganguse mu Saudi Arabia olw'okulya emicungwa buli lunaku naddala oluvannyuma lw'okugambibwa nti yakyuka n'adda mu kulya ebibala .

Enneeyisa etali nnungi, ebitiibwa eby’okwewa n’okulaga ebifaananyi ebyalabikira ku mikutu gy’amawulire

Ekifaananyi kya Amin mu 1977 mu kyambalo ky'amagye ne pulezidenti ekya Edmund S. Valtman

Emyaka bwe gyagenda giyitawo, enneeyisa ya Amin yali tekyategerekeka era nga ya bbugumu. Oluvannyuma lwa Bungereza okukutula enkolagana yonna ey’ekikungu ne gavumenti ye mu 1977, Amin yalangirira nti awangudde Abangereza, era ne yeewa ekitiibwa kya CBE (Conqueror of the British Empire). Ekitiibwa kye ekijjuvu kye yeewa okukkakkana nga kifuuse: 'ow'ekitiibwa, Pulezident w'obulamu bwonna, Feild Marshal AL Hadji, musawo, Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC,CBE, kabaka w'ebisolo eby'amaanyi ku nsi n'ebyennyanja ebiri mu nyanja era omuwanguzi w'amatwale ga Bungereza mu Afrika n'okusingira ddala Uganda , ng’oggyeeko okwewozaako kwe mu butongole nti ye kabaka wa Scotland atalina ngule . Teyafunako kiragiro kya Distinguished Service Order (DSO) oba Military Cross (MC). Yeewa diguli mu mateeka okuva mu yunivasite y’e Makerere wamu n’omudaali gwa Victorious Cross (VC), omudaali ogwakolebwa okukoppa British Victoria Cross .

Amin yafuuka omuntu ey'etolorwako olugambo, omuli n’okukkiriza okungi nti yali alya abantu . Kigambibwa nti Amin era yeewaana nti yali akuuma emitwe gy'abalabe be ab'ebyobufuzi mu firiiza ye, newankubadde nga yagamba nti ennyama y'omuntu "yalimu omunnyo mungi" ye gwatalya.

Mu kiseera Amin we yabeerera mu buyinza, emikutu gy’amawulire egy’ettutumu ebweru wa Uganda gyatera okumulaga ng’omuntu omusesa era ow’ekyewuunyo. Julius Harris yakkaatirizza oludda lwa Amin olugambibwa nti lwa ‘clownish’ mu Victory at Entebbe, ate Yaphet Kotto n’ayongera okutenderezebwa olw’okulaga obutonde bwa Amin obw’akabi mu firimu ya Raid on Entebbe . Mu kwekenneenya okwakolebwa mu 1977 okwaliwo mu kiseera ekyo, ekiwandiiko ekyafulumira mu magazini ya Time kyamwogerako nga omutemu era ddikuula, omusanyusa era ow'akamanyiiro' . Omuzannyo gwa comedy-variety series Saturday Night Live gwafulumya sketch za Amin nnya wakati wa 1976 ne 1979, omuli emu mwe yali omugenyi w'awaka eyeeyisa obubi mu buwanganguse, n'endala mwe yali omwogezi w'enddwadde z'ekikaba . Mu 1979, omukozi wa leediyo Don Imus yaka amasimu emirundi mingi ku mpewo ng'agezaako okwogera ne Amin, era oluvannyuma n'ategeka emboozi ey'akafubo eyalamulwa nga "encaafu ennyo". Mu lulaga lwa Benny Hill Show olwa lagibwa mu Gusooka 1977, Hill yalaga Amin ng'atudde emabega w'emmeeza eyaliko ekipande ekyali kiwandiikiddwaako nti "ME TARZAN, U GANDA".

Emikutu gy’amawulire egy’ebweru gy'avumiririrwa abawang’anguse n’abo abaali bavudde mu Uganda olw’okussa essira ku Amin okwegulumiza n'enneyisa ye saako n'okwegulumiza ebisukkiridde ate nga b'ebalama ebikolwa bye eby'obutemu. Abakomentinga abalala baatuuka n’okugamba nti Amin yali agenderera okweyisa mu ngeri etategereekeka mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’ebweru ng’omusajja omujoozi ow’angu okukoppa okusobola okukendeeza ku kweraliikirira kw’ensi yonna ku ngeri gye yaddukanyaamu Uganda. Omujaasi wa Uganda era omuyeekera Patrick Kimumwe yawakanya nti ebya Amin okweyisa nga ddikula n'enneyisa ye ey'obukambwe eri eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. Bannamawulire Tony Avirgan ne Martha Honey baawandiika nti,'Bannyonyola obukulembeze bwa Amin ng'enkola y'omusajja omu oba ekibinja ky'abatemu abatalina kisa tebituuka ku nsibuko y'obukulembeze .

Omukululo

Munnabyafaayo w’ekikula ky’abantu Alicia Decker yawandiika nti. 'enkolo n'enneyisa y'amaggye ga Uganda erabikira ddala nti egoberera nkola ya Amin'. Amangu ddala nga amaze okwewozaako, omusasiw'amawulire g’olutalo Al J Venter yategeeza nti Bannayuganda baali bakyamwogerako n'ebbanja eritali limu kati eririko obutwa. Ettuttumu lye mu Uganda libadde litunuulirwa mu myaka egisoba mu kkumi oluvannyuma lw’obukulembeze bwe mu ngeri enzibu okusinga mu nsi yonna. Abamu ku Bannayuganda bamutenderezza nti "yali ayagala nnyo eggwanga lye" era baali bawagira okusalawo kwe okugoba Abayindi mu ggwanga. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yali ajjukirwa nnyo naddala mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Uganda. Omu ku batabani ba Amin, Jaffar Remo, yavumirira endowooza embi abantu gy'ebalina ku kitaawe era n’asaba wabeewo akakiiko akanoonyereza ku butuufu bw’okutulugunyizibwa okwakolebwa mu bukulembeze bwe.

Mu buwangwa obumanyiddwa ennyo

Mu myaka gya 1970 nga Amin ali ku ntikko y’ettutumu lye, omuzannyi w’ebifaananyi Omuzungu John Bird yazannya ku lutambi lwa The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin, ng’ebigambo byesigamiziddwa ku miko gya Alan Coren egyali giwakanya Amin Punch . Mu 1975 oluyimba olw'okusuusuta olwa "Amazin' Man", olwali ku lutambi luno, lwafulumizibwa aba kkampuni ya Transatlantic . Likodi eno yasigala okumala wiiki 12 mu Australian Singles Chart, n'etuuka ku ntikko ku nnamba 26.

Firimu y’ebiwandiiko eya General Idi Amin Dada: A Self Portrait eyakolebwa dayirekita Barbet Schroeder mu 1974 yakolebwa ng’ewagirwa era nga yeetabwamu Idi Amin. Rise and Fall of Idi Amin (1981) firimu ya Kenya eraga ebikwata ku byafaayo by’obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin. Firimu eno yabunyisa engambo nyingi ezikwata ku bukambwe bwa Amin, gamba ng’ebigambibwa nti yatemaatema omu ku bakyala be mu bitundutundu. Amin azannyibwa Joseph Olita, eyaddamu okuzannya ekifo kino mu Mississippi Masala (1991), firimu ekwata ku mukwano wakati w'Abafirika n'Abaasia-Amerika oluvannyuma lwa Amin okugoba Abayindi mu Uganda mu 1972 .

Amin y’enmutwe omukulu ogutambulirwako mu itabo kya munnamawulire OAmuuungu Giles Foden ekya The Last King of Scotland (1998), ekikwata ku Uganda ya Idi Amin ng’eyita mu maaso g’omusawo omuto Omuscotland. Ekitabo kino kyakyusibwa ne kifuulibwa firimu ya 2006, nga yazanyibwa Forest Whitaker nga Amin. Olw'okuzannya kwe, Whitaker yalondeddwa ng'omuzannyi omukulu eyasinga mu mpaka za Academy Awards, BAFTA Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Golden Globes ne Critics Choice Movie Awards .

Laba ne

• Abagoberezi abamanyiddwa ennyo mu nkola y’okulya ebibala

Ebiwandiiko

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Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia

 

• The Idi Amin I knew, Brian Barron, BBC, 16 Ogwomunaana 2003. Mulimu akatambi ka Brian Barron ng’abuuza Idi Amin mu buwanganguse mu 1980. The Atlantic – 1 Ogwokuna 2001 Memo ne Quincy LS the series
• General Idi Amin Dada: Yeekubye ekifaananyi ku Google Videos ( Flash Video )
• idiamindada.com, omukutu ogwewaddeyo eri omusika gwa Idi Amin ogwatondebwawo mutabani we Jaffar Amin
• Idi Amin