LilongweClock Tower -LilongweNational Bank @ citycenter - panoramioParliament building malawi
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ, Chewa) kibuga ekikulu era ekibuga ekisingayo okubaamu abantu mu ggwanga lya Africa erya Malawi.[1] Erina abantu 989,318 okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2018, okuva ku bantu 674,448 mu 2008. Mu 2020 omuwendo ogwo gwali 1,122,000.[2] Ekibuga kiri mu kitundu ky'omu masekkati ga Malawi, mu disitulikiti y'erinnya lye limu, okumpi n'ensalo ne Mozambique ne Zambia, era kye kifo ekikulu eky'ebyenfuna n'eby'entambula mu masekkati a Malawi.[3] Kyatuumibwa erinnya okusinziira ku Mugga Lilongwe.
Lilongwe yasooka kutandikibwawo ng'ekyalo ky'omukulembeze w'ekitundu Njewa mu 1902.[4] Yafuuka ekitebe ky'obukulembeze mu 1904.[5] Mu myaka gya 1920, ekifo ky'enkulungo egatta y'enguudo ennene ez'enjawulo kyayongera obukulu bwakyo ng'ekifo ekikulu ekyeby'obulimi mu Central Region Plateau.[6]
Ng'ekifo ky'obusuubuzi, Lilongwe yakakasibwa mu butongole ng'ekibuga mu 1947.[7] Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, yeeyongera okukula n'efuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'obusuubuzi mu kitundu kya Malawi eky'omu masekkati.
Mu 1965, pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka, Hastings Kamuzu Banda, yalonda ekifo kino ng'ekifo ekikulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu bukiikakkono ne mu masekkati ga Malawi.[8]
Lilongwe yafuuka ekibuga ekikulu ekya Malawi mu 1975, nga kidda mu kifo ky'ekibuga ekikulu ekyasooka, Zomba.[6][9] Ofiisi za gavumenti zaatwalibwa e Lilongwe mu 2005.[10]
Pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana mu myaka gya 1970 ne 1980 zaalimu okuzimba ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekya Lilongwe International Airport, ekiweereza kibuga; ekkubo ly'eggaali y'omukka eya Salima ebuvanjuba n'ensalo ya Zambia ku lw'ebugwanjuba; ebifo by'amakolero mu kitundu ky'ekibuga eky'obukiika kkono; n'enteekateeka y'okulima sigala mu Central Region Plateau.[8] Omuwendo gw'abantu b'e Lilongwe gweyongera bungi .
Omuwendo gw'abantu mu kibuga gweyongera ku musinde ogwa waggulu, nga buli mwaka gweyongera ebitundu 4.3%.[3]
(a) Old Town Primary Commercial Center, ekirimu obubuga bwa nnabansasaana obwatandikibwawo mu Area 2 (Bwalonjobyu) ne Area 3 (Kang'ombe)
Malawi relief location map(b) Ekibuga ekikulu, ekiweereza ku kitundu kya Capital Hill
(c) Kanengo Primary Commercial Center mu kitundu 25/2 (Bvunguti)
(d) Lumbadzi Primary Commercial Center, esangibwa ku kifo ky'obusuubuzi ekyatandikibwawo mu Area 53/2 (Kalimbakatha).
Ekigendererwa kyali kya kutuuka ku mutindo gw'enkulaakulana y'amayumba, amakolero, n'eby'obusuubuzi, n'ebirala. Ekintu ekirala ekikulu mu kibuga kyali kifo ky'oluggya awasimba emmotoka . Okuviira ddala ku ntandikwa waaliwo ekirowoozo okuteekawo embeera ey'omutindo ogwa waggulu mu mbeera y'obulamu wamu n'amabanga nga bwekyandibadde mu kibuga ekikulu.
Mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1970 kyalabika nga waali weetagisa okussaawo enteekateeka empya ey'okwetegereza enkulaakulana y'ekibuga engaziko. Ekyavaamu kyali Lilongwe Urban Structure Plan 1978. Kino kyazingiramu okukyusa ensalo n'omulimu omupya ogw'okuteekateekera emirimu gy'ebisaawe bya Lumbadzi ne Kamuzu nga bili ku mutindo gw'ensi yonna. Enteekateeka eno ye yali esinga okukwata ku nkola y'okuteekateeka.
Mu 1986, ekitundu ekisooka eky'enkulaakulana kyali kiwedde, ekibuga kyali kitegekeddwa bulungi era okukulaakulana kw'ebiseera eby'omu maaso kwakakasibwa. Enguudo zaali zizimbibwa era waaliwo amazzi n'amasannyalaze. Enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali egenda mu maaso mu bitundu byonna ebina eby'ekibuga. Ekibuga ekikadde nakyo kyali kyenkana kikulakulanyiziddwa; ekitundu kya Capital Hill kyali kikulakulanyiziddwa ekitundu ; ate ekitundu kya Kanengo ne Lumbadzi bya bikulakulanyiziddwako nabyo.
Enteekateeka ya Lilongwe Outline Zoning Scheme yatandikibwawo era n'eraga engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okukozesaamu ettaka ly'ekibuga ekikulu ekipya. Enteekateeka y'okuteekawo ebitundu eyogeddwako yakyusibwamu era n'ekitundu ky'ekibuga ne kigaziyizibwa nga kizingiramu Ekitundu 56 ne Ekitundu 57 mu mateeka . Oluvannyuma Ekitundu 58 kyayongerwako ku kibuga mu mateeka okusinziira ku kubala abantu n'amayumba okwa 2008. Enteekateeka ya 1986 Outline Zoning Scheme yali egendereddwa okutumbula enkulaakulana y'ebibuga n'okukozesa ettaka olw'entambula n'ebirala. Enteekateeka yakola okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 2000, naye teyazzibwa buggya oluvannyuma lw'omwaka gwa 2000 olw'okukaluubirizibwa mu by'ebyensimbi, tekinologiya n'abantu.
Nga baddamu okusaba kwa Gavumenti ya Malawi (GoM), Gavumenti ya Japan (GoJ) yasalawo okukola "Okunoonyereza ku nteekateeka y'okukulaakulanya ebibuga mu Lilongwe", eya kwassibwa ekitongole kya Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), okusinziira ku ndagaano y'okukolera awamu wakati wa GoM ne GoJ eyateekebwako omukono nga 15 ogw'ekkumi noogumu 2008. Okunoonyereza kwakolebwa wamu ekibinja kya JICA n'ekitongole ekirala ekya Malawi okumala emyezi ogw'ekkumi n'ena okuva mu gw'omukaaga 2009 okutuuka mu gwo mwenda 2010. Nga 20, ogwoomusanvu 2011, alipoota ekwata ku kunoonyereza ku pulaani y'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga mu kibuga kya Lilongwe yakkirizibwa Minisita w'ettaka, amayumba n'enkulakulaakulana z'ebibuga.
Omuwendo gw'abantu mu kibuga Lilongwe gweyongedde okuva ku bantu abali wansi wa 20,000 mu 1966 okutuuka ku bantu kumpi kakadde mu 2018. Kuno okula kwali kwamangu nnyo era ne kireetawo okukula kw'emigotteko mu kibuga .
Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 2018, 42.28% ku bantu b'omu kibuga Lilongwe baali Chewa era nga be bantu ab'ekika ekisinga obunene. Ekibinja ky'abantu ekisinga omuwendo gw'abantu abatono kyali kya Ngoni nga kirimu abantu 17.13% ab'ekika ekyo. Ebika ebirala ebitonotono byali Lomwe n'ebitundu 14.48 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu, Yao ne 12.11%, Tumbuka ne 6.46%, Mang'anja n'eba ne 1.86%, Sena n'eba 1.78%, Tonga n'eba 1.56%, Nyanja n'eba 0.67%, Nkhonde nga erina 0.63%, Lambya ne 0.35%, Sukwa ne 0.04 n'ebibinja ebisigadde nga birina 0.64% eby'abantu.[12]
Ekibiina ky'eddiini ekisinga obunene mu kibuga Lilongwe ye Church of Central Africa Presbyterian nga kirina ebitundu 23.15%. Eddiini esinga obunene mu kibuga ye Bukatuliki n'ebitundu 17.28%. Eddiini endala entonotono mwe muli Seventh day Adventist, Baptist, ne Apostolic nga 10.35% bw'egattiddwa, Pentecostal nga 8.6%, Anglican nga 2.31%, eddiini endala ez'Ekikristaayo nga 21.67%, Obusiraamu nga 11.12%, Traditional nga 0.34%, eddiina endala nga 3.38%, n'obutaba na ddiini nga 1.73% ku bantu.
Lilongwe esangibwa ku kagulumu mu masekkati ga Malawi, ekikola ekitundu kya East African Rift Valley ekiri ku buwanvu bwa 1,050 m (3,440 ft) waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja, okuliraana n'omugga Lilongwe.
Ebitongole bya gavumenti bikozesa ettaka eddene. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ettaka ly'ennyumba y'eggwanga mu kitundu 44 liweza hekita nga 555. Ekibuga ky'ekibuga ekikulu kirimu ebitongole bya gavumenti eby'eggwanga. Libeera mu kitundu ekinene mu kitundu 20. Mu kiseera kino, ekitebe kya poliisi kiri mu kitundu 30. Enteekateeka ya Master Plan yawa ekifo eky'enjawulo ku ttaka ng'eryo ebitongole bya gavumenti we bisinga okusangibwa mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Kino kikulu nnyo kubanga enkulaakulana n'okufuga ebizimbe bisobola okukozesebwa mu bitundu ng'ebyo. Wadde kiri kityo, ekitundu 35 omuli ekitebe ky'amagye n'ebikozesebwa birina okukoma ku kukozesa ettaka ly'amagye.
Ebitundu bino wammanga byateekebwawo ebikozesebwa gavumenti mu kitundu 40. Ettaka lya gavumenti litwala ettaka eddene mu Disitulikiti 30, 35 n'ebitundu bya Disitulikita 3, 20, 31 ne 44 mu 2030.
Open Space/Green Land okukozesa mu kifo ekyesudde n'ebimera birimu ebitundu ebitaano ebiddako 1) Natural Sanctuary, 2) Park and Recreation, 3) Green/ Natural Open Space, 4) Agriculture ne 5) Forestry. Ekibuga kya Lilongwe kyenyumiririza mu kubeerawo kw'ekifo ekitukuvu eky'obutonde mu makkati g'ekibuga. Kino kirina okukuumibwa n'okukuumibwa mu mirembe egigenda okujja.
Okusinziira ku biva mu kunoonyereza kw'okukozesa ettaka, okukula kw'ekiibuga tekwaviiriddeko kukulaakulana okw'obwenkanya okw'ebitundu ebina: i) Lumbadzi, ii) Kanengo, iii) Capital Hill, ne iv) Old Town. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, okukula kw'ekibuga kukwataganyizibwa n'ebifo bibiri ebikulu eby'ebyenfuna (Ekibuga eky'Edda n'Ekibuga Ekikulu). Ekkubo ly'okugaziya ebibuga kati ligenda mu bukiikaddyo, mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, mu bukiika bw'ebugwanjuba ne mu bugwanjuba kubanga ebifo by'abantu ebisinga birina akakwate n'ebifo by'ebyenfuna. Okusinziira ku nteekateeka y'ekibuga ky'e Lilongwe mu biseera eby'omu maaso, enkola ya Cluster Shape Development yakkirizibwa ng'enkola endala ey'enkulaakulana y'ekifo ky'ekibuga. Mu myaka egyakayita, enkulaakulana y'ekibinja ky'abantu emanyiddwa nnyo abateesiteesi b'ebibuga mu nsi yonna kubanga y'esobola okuteekawo enkola y'ebitundu ku kigendererwa ky'enkulaakulana n'okuziyiza okugaziwa kw'ebibuga okutaliiko nkomerero.[11]
Ekisaawe kya Kamuzu(LLW) kiri mu bukiikakkono bw'ekibuga, mayiro nga 7 okuva mu City Centre (Central Business District). Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi kya Kamuzu kye kisinga okuba ekyikadde mu ggwanga.[14]
Waliwo bbaasi eziva e Lilongwe okudda e Blantyre, Zomba, Kasungu ne Mzuzu.[15] Bbaasi z'ensi yonna ezigenda e South Africa, Zambia ne Tanzania zibaawo buli lunaku.
Enguudo ezisookerwako zirimu ekkubo ery'omu bukiikakkono n'ebukiikaddyo (M1), ekkubo eryetoolodde munda, ekkubo eryetoolodde ebweru,olukuubo lwa Nacala (ekitundu ky'oluguudo olw'ebugwanjuba), enguudo ez'omunda n'ekkubo eriyingira ku kisaawe ky'ennyonnyi ekya Kamuzu (KIA). Oluguudo olw'omunda lugatta ku M1 n'enguudo endala enkulu ezigenda mu bifo by'obusuubuzi/obukulembeze i mu disitulikiti z'obusuubuzi ez'omu masekkati (CBD). Oluguudo olw'ebweru luweereza ebidduka ebikwatagana n'amakolero era luziyiza okuyita mu kitundu ekikulu eky'ekibuga.
Waliwo amasomero 38 ag'obwannannyini (Bedir Star International School, Bishop Mackenzie International school n'ebirala) n'amasomero g'olukale 66 aga pulayimale agalina abayizi 103,602 wamu ne aga siniya 29 agalina abayizi 30,795 mu Lilongwe.[3]
Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekipya ekisobola okutuuza abantu 40,000 kizimbibwa n'obuyambi bwa bukadde bwa doola 70 okuva mu gavumenti ya People's Republic of China.[18] Ekisaawe kiyitibwa Bingu National Stadium ekyaggulwawo mu butongole ku ntandikwa ya 2017. Ebisaawe eby'omupiira ebirala mulimu Silver Stadium (Area 47), Civo Stadium (Areas 9) ne Nankhaka Ground (Area 30). Ttiimu ennene mu Lilongwe ze Silver Strikers, Civo Sporting, Blue Eagles ne Kamuzu Barracks.
Omupiira gw'ensero guzannyibwa mu African Bible College, Civo Court, Don Bosco, n'ebitongole ebirala eby'obwannannyini. Emizannyo emirala mu Lilongwe mulimu okubaka omupiira egikolebwa mu Gateway Mall, Don Bosco, Nankhaka ne ABC.
Waliwo n'omuzannyo gwa Rugby Union oguli mu kibuga, nga ttiimu nnyingi zirwana.