Obwakalimagezi

Binet-Simon Intelligence Test 'What is missing in this picture?

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Obwakalimagezi (Intelligence)

Omulamwa gw’Obwakalimagezi gukozesebwa okunnyonnyola obwogi bw’obwongo (sharpness of the brain) oba obwogi bw'omulengera (sharpness of the mind) mu bantu.

Mu bwongo (brain) mulimu ebisenge by’obwakalimagezi bya njawulo ebisobozesa mulengera (mind) okukola. N’ebisolo birina obwongo “obukola ebikolwa ebigerekere” (instinctive acts) naye tebirina busobozi kukozesa bwongo bwabyo nga byetengeredde ng’omuntu. Omuntu yekka y’asobola okukozesa obwongo nga yetengeredde era okukozesa obwongo ly’etteeka ly’enkulaakulana y’entabaganya erisooka.

Okukozesa obwongo mu bwetengerevu kiri waggulu wa bikolwa bigerekere era kisangibwa mu sipiisa(kikula) ya “muntu kalimagezi”(homo sapiens) yokka. “Okukozesa obwongo kwesigamye ku kwekenneenya ebiriwo (fakikya) okusobola okutuuka ku kituufu. Okwekebejja , n’okwekkenneenya birina akakwate akatasattululwa n’okwefumiitiriza (critical thinking).

Okwefumitiriza y’engeri y’okulowooza ekozesa ensengeka y’ebirowoozo (logic) ku biriwo. Okwefumitiriza kugezaako kuzuula kiki ekituufu, okuyita mu kukozesa obwongo .

Okukozesa obwongo okwetengeredde (objective reasoning) kulimu okwefumiitiriza, okufumiitiriza, okuteekateeka, okutondeka ebirowoozo (thought formation), okutondeka emiramwa (concepts formation), n’ekigendererwa eky’okukola ku bizibu.

Mu kulowooza n’okujjukira, mulengera atalabika okuva mu bwongo obulabika, asobozesa omuntu:

• Okumanya ekintu ky’osegedde. Okusegeera kwa njawulo n’okutegeera. Bw’otunuulira ekintu n’okiraba oba okisegedde n’okimanya naye oyinza okuba nga tokitegedde okutuuka nga okyekebezze ne sensa zo endala nga okukikwatako oba okukiwunyirizaako mu ngeri ey’okukyekebejja. Okumanya ekintu kirimu okukisegeera oba okukitegeera. . Ekintu oyinza okukitunuulira enkaliriza naye n’otakitegeera ate era oyinza okukitegeera naye n’otakimanya mu bujjuvu.

• Okuzimba(okutondeka) ebirowoozo

• Okukuba ekifaananyi mu bwongo era ekiyitibwa ekifaananyi ky’obwongo oba ekifaananyi ky'omulengera (imagination)

Okutegeera kutandika na kusegeera (okumanyisibwa sensa zo), ekintu n’okimanya oluvannyuma n’okitegeera nga okozesa sensa zo kumpi zonna. Okukitegeera kitegeeza kukinnyonnyoka . Ate okujjukira (memory) bwe busobozi bwa woogani gye kikwatako (obwongo) okutereka, okukuuma n’okuddamu okwanja ekimanyiddwa. Okukuba ekifaananyi mu bwongo bwe busobozi bwa mulengera okuvumbula oba okuyiya ekintu ekitaliiwo olw’obumanyirivu obuva mu kusegeera kwa sensa z’omubiri.

Omuntu kalimagezi y’ensolo yokka erina amagezi okweyambisa enkola ya sayansi ne tekinologiya “okufuga obutonde” (to tame nature) obukaalamufu. Kino kiva ku kuba nti omuntu ono kalimagezi, alina obwakalimagezi obusibuka mu mulengera.

Obwakalimagezi (Intelligence)

Omulamwa gw’Obwakalimagezi gukozesebwa okunnyonnyola obwogi bw’obwongo (brain power) oba obwogi bw’omulengera (mental power) mu bantu. Mu bwongo (brain), mulimu ebisenge by’obwakalimagezi bya njawulo ebisobozesa omulengera (mind) okukola. N’ebisolo birina obwongo “obukola ebikolwa ebigerekere” (instinctive acts) naye tebirina busobozi kukozesa bwongo bwabyo nga byetengeredde ng’omuntu. Omuntu yekka y’asobola okukozesa obwongo nga yetengeredde era okukozesa obwongo ly’etteeka ly’enkulaakulana y’entabaganya erisooka.

Okukozesa obwongo mu bwetengerevu kiri waggulu wa bikolwa bigerekere era kisangibwa mu sipiisa (kikula) ya “muntu kalimagezi” (homo sapiens) yokka. “Okukozesa obwongo kwesigamye ku kwekenneenya ebiriwo (fakikya) okusobola okutuuka ku kituufu. Okwekebejja, n’okwekenneenya birina akakwate akatasattululwa n’okwefumiitiriza (critical thinking).

Okwefumitiriza y’engeri y’okulowooza ekozesa ensengeka y’ebirowoozo (logic) ku biriwo. Okwefumitiriza kugezaako kuzuula kiki ekituufu, okuyita mu kukozesa obwongo. Okukozesa obwongo okwetengeredde (objective reasoning) kulimu okwefumiitiriza, okufumiitiriza, okuteekateeka, okutondeka ebirowoozo (thought formation), okutondeka emiramwa (concepts formation), n’ekigendererwa eky’okukola ku bizibu.

Mu kulowooza n’okujjukira, omulengera ogutalabika ogusibuka mu bwongo obulabika, gusobozesa omuntu:

• Okumanya ekintu ky’asegedde ne sensa ze. Okusegeera kwa njawulo n’okutegeera. Bw’otunuulira ekintu n’okiraba oba okisegedde n’okimanya naye oyinza okuba nga tokitegedde okutuuka nga okyekebezze ne sensa zo endala nga okukikwatako oba okukiwunyirizaako mu ngeri ey’okukyekebejja. Okumanya ekintu kikolwa kya busegeevu naye okutegeera kikolwa kya bugereefu. Ekintu oyinza okukitunuulira enkaliriza n’okimanya naye n’otakitegeera.

• Okuzimba(okutondeka) ebirowoozo

• Okukuba ekifaananyi mu bwongo era ekiyitibwa ekifaananyi ky’obwongo oba ekifaananyi ky’omulengera (imagination)

• Okuteebereza (rationalization). Kuno si kuteeba (to guess). Okutebereza kulinga kugereesa era mu butuufu kugereesa kwennyini okusinziira ku fakikya z’osegedde (ne sensa zo)

Okutegeera kutandika na kusegeera (okumanyisibwa sensa zo), ekintu n’okimanya oluvannyuma n’okitegeera nga okozesa sensa zo kumpi zonna. Okukitegeera kitegeeza kukinnyonnyoka. Ate okujjukira (memory) bwe busobozi bwa woogani gye kikwatako (obwongo) okutereka, okukuuma n’okuddamu okwanja ekimanyiddwa. Okukuba ekifaananyi mu bwongo bwe busobozi bw’omulengera okuvumbula oba okuyiya ekintu ekitaliiwo olw’obumanyirivu obuva mu kusegeera kwa sensa z’omubiri.

Enkozesa y’Omulengera gwo?

Mu kusengeka ebirowoozo, omuntu alambika oba n’alambulula ensonga (ebirowoozo). “Ensengeka y’Ebirowoozo” (Logic) y’emu ku ngeri ez’obwakalimagezi omuntu gy’akozesaamu obwongo bwe. Omuntu atasobola kusengeka birowoozo mu bwongo bwe oba oyo akola ekintu nga tamaze kulowooza (kusengeka birowoozo mu bwongo bwe) aba “si mutegeevu” era abeerawo ku bikolwa bigerekere (instinctive acts).

Ekintu ekikolebwa oluvanyuma lw’okusengeka ebirowoozo mu bwongo oba mu mulengera wo kiyitibwa “kikolwa kya butegeevu” (rational act).

Obwongo okuba nga bukola tekitegeeza busobozi kukozesa bwongo okusobola okukola ebikolwa eby’obutegeevu (rational acts) kubanga n’ebisolo birina obwongo obukolera mu ngerekera (instincts) nga birowooza kyokka tebisobola kusengeka birowoozo byabyo mu ngeri ya magezi. Omutabufu w’obwongo, obwongo bwe buba bukola kuba si mufu naye tasobola kukozesa bwongo bwe mu bwetengerevu n’olwekyo tasobola kukola bintu bya butegeevu.

Omubbi, omutujju oba muliisa maanyi bw’aba agenda okukola ebikolwa ebitali bya buntu, gamba okuzza omisango, naye obwongo bwe buba bukola kyokka aba takozesezza bwongo bwe oba ng’abukozesezza bubi; tasengeka birowoozo bye mu ngeri ya buntu (eyeebuuza n’epima obulungi bw’ekyo ky’ayagala okukola). N’olwekyo “taba mutegeevu” (he is irrational) era akola ekikolwa ekitali kya butegeevu. Omuntu okusengeka ebirowoozo mu bwongo bwe “kikolwa kya mulengera” (an act of the mind), ekimusobozesa okukola ekintu eky’amagezi mu bwetengerevu.

Okusengeka ebirowoozo kyetaagisa mu “masomo g’obuyivu” (academic studies) ne mu bulamu obwa bulijjo era kigenda kugenda mu maaso okiyita mu:

 Okulambika ensonga zo mu mulengera gwo.Mu kukozesa obwongo ng’olambika (olamba) w’oyita okutuuka ku nsonga, omuntu asooka kwekebejja kintu n’akola okwekenneenya, olwo n’alyoka atuuka ku kituufu oba ku nsonga. Mu “kwekenneenya” osooka kuddira ekintu ky’obuulirizaako n’okyabuluzamu ebitundu byakyo eby’enjawulo okusobola okukyekenneenya obulungi. Bw’omala n’owumbawumba ng’onyonyola ki kyozudde.

 Okulambulula ensonga kuba kulaga kkubo eriyitiddwaamu (erirambikiddwa) okutuuka ku kuzuula ekipya.

Ekipimo ky’Obwakalimagezi (EkkyO)

EkkyO (IQ) kifundiwazo oba katugambe “ekigambo ekyatulirwa mu bufunze bwakyo” (acronym). Okufaananamu n’oky’olungereza IQ (Intelligence Quostient), “EkkyO” kifundiwazo ekiggwayo: “Ekipimo ky’obwakalimagezi” ekitegeeza” Measure of intelligence oba Ekigeranyo ky’Obwaklimagezi ekitegeeza “intelligence quotient”.

Buli buwangwa buba n’ebigambo ebiraga obwakalimagezi bw’omuntu nga “okumanya” (knowing), “okutegeera” (understanding), okusegeera (sense perception), “okukwata” (grasping), n’amagezi” (wisdom). Mu luganda era tuyinza okwogera ku muntu kalimagezi (intelligent person) oba n’omuntu kagezimunyu (genius).

Bino byonna mwe muva omulamwa gw’obwakalimagezi (intelligence). Obwakalimagezi kikwata ku “bugezi” bwa muntu. Obusobozi obusinga obw’okukozesa obwongo okw’engeri ez’enjawulo businziira ku mbeera omuntu gy’alimu. Omuntu ayinza okuba kagezimunyu mu sayansi w’ensolo naye nga mu kutabagana n’abantu abalala muwugulavu (alina ekimuwugula oba awaba). Kino kitegeeza nti ensengeka z’okumanya mu bwongo bw’abantu za njawulo.

Obwakalimagezi kyeyorekera mu ngeri nnyingi omuli, okusengeka ebirowooza (logic), okutondeka ebirowooza (abstraction), okutegeera, okukwata, okuwuliziganya n’abalala, okuyiga, okumanya ebiyinza okujja abantu abalala mu mbeera, okujjukira, okuteekateeka, n’okujjawo obuzibu. Obwakalimagezi kisonjolwa nga obusobozi okuyiga, okutegeera, okwang’anga embeera empya. Obwakalimagezi’ kiraga obusobozi okutuuka ku kulowooza okuzibuwavu n’okukozesa obwongo okuzibuwavu. Obwakalimagezi businziira ku mbeera enkulu bbiri:

i) Obuzaale (Heredity)

ii) Embeera omuntu gy’abaamu (Environment)

Entabiro (interplay) y’obuzaale n’embeera omuntu gy’abeeramu kintu kikulu nnyo okusobola okukulakulanya obwakalimagezi.