Seroconversion

Eno y'enkyukakyuka ereetera embeera y'obutoffooli bw'omubiri okukyusibwakyusibwa mu mbeera olw'akawuka ka HIV okubwesogga.Embeera eno ereetera akatoffaali akeesogeddwa okutandika okufuna olubembe lw'ekiriisa eky'ekika kya protein(antibody)nga lusobola okwetegerezebwa mu musaayi (blood serum). Kino kiba kivudde ku katoffooli okulumbibwa embeera etaali ya bulijjo (infection) oba okugemesebwa (Immunisation).

Ng'omutendera gw'akatoffaali oba obutoffaali tegunnabaawo, akawuka mu musaayi kyokka ng'obutoffaali mwe kaakeesogga tebunnaba kutandika kufuna nkyukakyuka kusobola kutegeerebwa. Oluvannyuma lw'obutoffaali okukyusibwakyusibwa, obutoffaali obusenseddwa akawuka butandika okweyoleka ate ng'olwo akawuka kennyini mu musaayi tekakyasobola kulabika.

Embeera z'akawuka - akatoffaali okukyukakyuka (antigen-antibody - immune complex)ezituusibwa ku mubiri zaanguyirwa okugyibwa mu mubiri, olwo obuwuka obweyoleka nti bw'amaanyi (dominant party) nga bulemeddwa okulwanyisibwa entegeka z'omubiri ezirwanyisa obulabe n'esigala ng'esobola okwetegerezebwa.

Window Period

Ku kiseera kya seroconversion akawuka ka HIV n'obutoffaali obwetengeredde buba mu buwendo mutono mu musaayi. Olw'embeera eno, okukebera omusaayi okukolebwa kuyinza okulaga ebifu. (false negative test for infection).

Serology

Enkola y'okukebera embeera y'obutoffaali mu mubiri yeekozesebwa okuzuula embeera y'obutoffaali obuba bulumbiddwa akawuka ka HIV ne kakyusa enkula n'obutonde bwabo ne bufuna olubembe lw'ekiriisa kya protein.

Sero status

Lino linnya eriweebwa embeera y’okubaawo oba obutabaawo kw’ekika ky’obutoffaali mu musaayi.

Nga seroconversion tennabaawo (oba akawuka ka HIV nga tekanneesogga katoffaali ka mubiri ne kakaleetera okukyusakyusa enkula yaako n’endabika, omusaayi guba sero negative ku butoffaali obulaga enkyukakyuka mu nkula yaabwo (mu bufunze, obutoffaali obukyukakyuka buba tebuliimu). seroconversion bw’emala okubaawo, omusaayi bwe gukeberebwa guba gulaga sero positive, ekiba kitegeeza nti mulimu obutoffaali obukyukakyuka oba obutandise okukyusa enkula yaabwo.

Ekigambo seroconversion kikozesebwa mu kukebera omusaayi okulaba oba mulimu obutoffaali obutandise okukyusakyusa embeera yaabwo, olw’akawuka HIV. Mu mbeera eno –Sero converted kikozesebwa okutegeeza embeera y’omuntu okufuuka HIV negative. Seroreversion – kye kine kya seroconversion. Kino kye kiseera omusaayi ogukebeddwa we gulagira nti tegukyalimu butoffaali bukyukakyuka oba obukyusibwakyusibwa mu musaayi gw’omulwadde.

Ensibuko

Entegeka z’omubiri ezirwanyisa obulumbaganyi (immune system) zisigaza ebyama oba likodi (Immunological memory) ku bulumbaganyi bw’obuwuka bwe bulwanyisako okusobola okubutegeera amangu ne butegeka olutabaalo singa buba buzzeemu okulumba omubiri. Kino kinnyonnyola lwaki endwadde ezisinga ezirumba abaana mu buto teziddamu kubalumbagana mu bukulu. (Bwe ziddamu, kiba okutwaliza awamu kitegeeza nti waliwo embeera y’entegeka z’omubiri ezirwanyisa obulabe okuba nga zinafuye oba ng’okugema kw’alemererwa).

Mu kiseera ky’okulumbibwa endwadde ekisooka (Primary infection) obutoffaali bwa (Immunoglobulin M(IgM)) buzaalibwa/butondebwa era omuwendo bwe gukka (ne guba nga tegukyasobola kwetegerezebwa) obutoffaali bwa (Immunoglobulin G(IgG)) gulinnya ne gusigala nga gusobola okwetegerezebwa. Mu bulumbaganyi bw’endwadde omulundi ogw’okubiri, omuwendo gwa (IgM) tegulinnya naye ogwa (IgG) gulinnya.

Mu mbeera eno, okweyongera kwa IgM kulaga kulumbibwa oba bulumbaganyi bwa ndwadde mpya mu mubiri, so nga okubaamu kwa IgM kulaga okulumbibwa kw’endwadde enkadde (eyali erubye ku mubiri) oba okugemesebwa.

References

(Bikyusiddwa okuva mu Wikipedea y’Olungereza) Tantalo et .al , JID 2005:191 Treponema pallidum – strain –specific differences in neuroinvasion and clinical phenotype in aa rabbit model.