Yusuf Lule

Yusuf Kironde Lule (10 Ogwokuna 1912 – 21 Ogwolubereberye 1985) yali Pulofeesa era munnabyabufuzi mu Uganda era nga ye pulezidenti wa Uganda owokuna wakati wa 13 Ogwokuna ne 20 Ogwomukaaga 1979.

Obulamu obuto n’emirimu

Yusuf Lule yazaalibwa nga 10 Ogwokuna 1912 mu Kampala. Yasomera mu ttendekero lya King's College Budo (1929–34), Makerere University College, Kampala (1934–36), Yunivasite ya Fort Hare e Alice, South Afrika (1936–39) ne Yunivasite y'e Edinburgh. Mu kusooka, yali Musiraamu kyokka n’akyuka n’adda mu ddiini y’Ekikristaayo ng’ali mu King’s College Budo.

Mu 1947 Lule yawasa Hannah Namuli Wamala mu kkanisa ya Kings College Budo, gye yali omusomesa ate nga ye muwala omukulu.

Mu 1959 ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP) kyalonda Lule okufuuka Kattikiro (Ssaabaminisita) w’obwakabaka bwa Buganda obutono. Abakulu bangi mu bwakabaka tebaali beesigwa oba mu ngeri endala tebaawagira Lule olw’ensibuko ye ey’Obusiraamu wadde nga yakyuka n’afuuka Omukristaayo, era Michael Kintu okukkakkana ng’awangula akalulu. Uganda bwe yafuna obwetwaze mu 1962, yafuuka ssentebe w'akakiiko k'abakozi ba gavumenti.

Lule yaweereza ng’omuddugavu eyasooka omukulu w’essomero lya Makerere University College okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1970, era yali muyambi wa ssaabawandiisi w’ekibiina ekigatta yunivasite za Afrika, mu Accra, Ghana, wakati wa 1973 ne 1978. Lule yaweereza nga minisita mu gavumenti ya Uganda ey’amatwale ga Bungereza nga tennafuna bwetwaze n’oluvannyuma nga omuyambi w’omuwandiisi omukulu ow’ekibiina kya Commonwealth ku secretariate. Yagenda mu buwanganguse nga Idi Amin amaze okujja mu buyinza.

Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania okutandika, abayeekera ba Uganda n’abawanganguse baatandika okukola enteekateeka z’okussaawo gavumenti empya eneddawo oluvanyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Idi Amin. Oluvannyuma lw’eggye lya Tanzania People’s Defence Force (TPDF) okuwamba ebitundu ebiwererako ddala, Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere owa Tanzania yalagira liyimirize kiwe abayeekera ba Uganda obudde okwekumakuma n’okuddamu okwetegeka. Abayeekera ba Uganda baakola enteekateeka ezisaanidde, okusinga nga bakulembeddwamu eyali pulezidenti Milton Obote n’omukenkufu Dani Wadada Nabudere mu nnyiriri zaabwe. Nga Abatanzania batandika okutegeka olukungaana lw'abayeekera n'abawanganguse, Nyerere yali addamu okwetegereza omulimu gwa Obote mu kibiina kino. Yali tayagala kirabike nga nti Tanzania yali egenda kussaawo gavumenti yaayo mu Uganda ng’eyanguyira Obote okutwala obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ky’abayeekera, era waaliwo okuwakanya ekya Obote okuva mu Baganda mu maserengeta ga Uganda awamu n’amawanga amalala nga Kenya. Nyerere era yatya nti Obote yandiziyizza enkolagana mu lukiiko luno n’okugireetera okusasika nga tewali buwanguzi. Yatuuka n’okumatiza Obote okwewala okujja. Mu kifo kya Obote, bangi ku Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse baatandika okwettanira Lule, eyali Omuganda era nga amannyiddwa okubeera omutetenkanya mu by’obufuzi era ng’omukozi wa gavumenti ataayonoonebwa mivuyo oba obuweereza obw’obuli bw’enguzi mu gavumenti ya Uganda eyayita.

Olukungaana lwa Moshi lwaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokusatu 1979 mu kibuga mu Tanzania, oluvannyuma lw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ku biwayi n’abantu ki abayinza okulwetabamu. Akawungeezi ako ababaka baalangirira okutondebwawo kw’ekibiina kya Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF), ekyalina okufugibwa akakiiko k’eggwanga ak’okwebuuza ku bantu (NCC) akalimu abantu 30 n’akakiiko akafuzi ak’eggwanga akalimu abantu 11, akasembayo nga kalimu obukiiko obw’enjawulo busatu — Ak'ensimbi n’emirimu, eby’obufuzi, n’ensonga z’amagye. Ennaku ebbiri ezaddirira baazimala nga bakubaganya birowoozo ku ngeri y'okutebenkezamu obuyinza mu bitongole ebifuzi n’okulonda ssentebe w’ekibiina kino, ekyavuganyizibwako ennyo wakati wa Lule ne Paulo Muwanga, omuwagizi wa Obote. Oluvannyuma lw’akafubo, waaliwo okukkaanya nga Lule yaweebwa obwa ssentebe ate Muwanga n’afuulibwa akulira akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z’amagye.

Pulezidenti wa Uganda

Okutongoza amatikkira

Mukukwatiba nga teyeetegese olw’okugwa kwa Kampala, Lule yayanguwa okukola olukalala lwa baminisita nga ekigendelerwa kwali kulaba nga bannayugandabonna bakiikirirwa. Nga 12 Ogwokuna 1979, Lule ne kabineti ye baalinnya ennyonyi okuva e Dar es Salaam okuda Entebbe kulw'okutongozebwajwe. Nga ennyonyi eyimiriziddwa e Mwanza, abakungu ba Tanzania baasalawo okugikeleya okutuusa bwebakakasa nti waliwo obukuumi obulungi ku mukolo ogutegekebwa mu Kampala. Enkeera Lule ne baminisita be baatuuka Entebbe ne baleetebwa mu Kampala mu mmotoka ya TPDF akawungeezi. Olwo Lule n’alayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda mu maaso g’ekizimbe kya Palamenti n’awa okwogera mu bufunze nga yeeyama okuzza amateeka n’obutebenkevu. Lule yakomekkereza ng'agamba mu Luganda, "Kati lwe lwaffe" Nga bakyawulira nti Kampala taliimu butebenkevu, abakungu aba Tanzania bayanguwa okuggya Lule mu Palamenti ne bamuteeka mu Entebbe State House.

Lule yayingira ofiisi mu kiseera ng’ebitongole by’eggwanga lya Uganda tebikola bulungi era ng’eggwanga lirimu obumenyi bw’amateeka n’effujjo. Yakubiriza eggwanga eryalemererwa . Lule teyafaayo ku ndagaano y'e Moshi ezaalambika obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obunafu era n’agezaako okukakasa obusobozi bwe okukolera wansi w’obuyinza obw’amaanyi obwaweebwa ssemateeka eyali akola mu Uganda nga Amin tannawamba gavumenti. Mu nnaku ntono oluvannyuma lw’okuyingira ofiisi Lule n’abawabuzi be baatandika okusalawo ebikulu nga tebeebuuzizza ku NCC. Era yalengezza ab'akakiiko kano bw'ataalabika ku kutongoza kwabwe ate ne bwegwakyusibwa asobole okubeerawo, yawa okwogera kwe n’agenda nga tabalayiza, ekyabennyamiza ennyo. Lule olwo n’alonda baminisita n’abamyuka ba minisita mu kabineti ye nga NCC tekisembye. Abakiise ba kabineti beegatta ku NCC ex officio, era okukkakkana ng’alonze baminisita 24 n’abamyuka 20, oluvannyuma ne basuka mubungi ku bakansala abaaliwo. Wadde nga waliwo okwemulugunya okuva mu NCC, Lule yagenda mu maaso n’okulonda abantu n’okuddamu okutunula mu nsengeka ya kabineti ye. Era yalangirira okuddamu okutegeka enzirukanya ya Uganda, n’agabanyaamu eggwanga mu bitundu bina buli kimu nga kigoberera obuyinza bwa kaminsona w’ekitundu.

Lule yayongera okunyiiza aba NCC, kabineti ye bwe yawa bammemba baayo bennyini ssente z'ebweru ezibalirirwamu ddoola 5,000 nga "ensako y'okwedaabiriza" wadde ng'eggwanika lyarina ssente ntono nnyo. Lule yayanukula obusungu bwa bakansala nga abawa ensako y’emu, gye baagaana. Era teyeesiga kibiina kya UNLA, kye yali atwala nti kirimu abawagizi ba Obote ne Yoweri Museveni abeesigwa. Gavumenti ya Lule yaziyiza amagye ssente olw’ensonga eyo, era teyarina kyeyakola mu kuwangulwa kw’amagye ga Amin agaali gasigaddewo. Yateekateeka okusatulula UNLA n'okugikyusa okufuuka "Eggye ly'Eggwanga" eppya, ekyanyiiza abakulembeze mu kyo. Amagye gaali okukiikirira ebitundu bya Uganda byonna mu kigerageranyi era nga gassaawo ebisaanyizo by’obuyigirize eri abasaba okugayingira.

Lule yafuna enteekateeka y’obuyambi bw'obukade bwa pawundi 100 okuva mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, n’aggyawo aba kkono abaali batya nti agenda kuguza eggwanga lino eri abasuubuzi b’ensi yonna. Kaweefube wa gavumenti ye okuziyiza ebbeeyi y’ebintu okulinnya n’okukomya amagendo yali mutono era teyafuna buwanguzi, era mu kiseera kye embeera y’ebyenfuna ya Uganda yeeyongera okusebengerera okuva ku bufuzi bwa Amin.

Abaganda bangi baasanyuka nnyo olwa Lule okutuuka ku bwa pulezidenti, nga basuubira nti ajja kukuuma ensonga z'ekitundu kya Buganda n’okukuuma Obote obutadda mu buyinza. Lule okukkakkana ng’akoze entekateeka ezasanyusa Abaganda, gamba ng’okuzza obumu mu by’obufuzi mu Buganda, okuwa gavumenti ya Buganda obuyinza obusingako, okwogera eri eggwanga mu lujjudde mu Luganda, okulonda abakulembeze ab’obwakabaka bwa Baganda abamanyiddwa mu ofiisi ez’oku ntikko, n’okuwa abasuubuzi b’Abaganda endagaano z’eggwanga ezimu. Mu kuddamu okugabanya ebintu n’ebitongole ebyakwatibwa ku banne ba Amin, gavumenti ya Lule yagaba ssente ezitasaana eri Abaganda ne banne ab’okulusegere. Abantu b’amawanga amalala mu Uganda tebeesiga Lule wadde okumuwa ekitiibwa, okuva bwe baali bawulira nti agenda okusosowaza Buganda okussuka kubitundu ebirala. Bannayuganda abamu baali batya nti enteekateeka ye ey’amagye yandiviirako okutondawo eggye eriyitiriddemu Abaganda, okusinziira nti Buganda yalina abantu bangi okusinga ebitundu ebirala byonna mu ggwanga. Abamuvumirira baamusambagya nti "monarchist" era "feudalist".

Okuggwaawo n’okuggyibwa mu ofiisi

Engeri Lule gye yakwatamu kabineti ye yaleetawo obusungu mu NCC naddala bwe yagoba Muwanga mu ofiisi. Pulezidenti Nyerere owa Tanzania yategeeza Lule nti Tanzania egenda kunywerera ku ndagaano ezikwata ku buyinza mu Uganda ezaakolebwa e Moshi. Yalina okulowooza nti Tanzania yawannyo obuyambi eri abo abataali ku luuyi lwe mu by'obufuzi, era n'ayagala okulaba nga akendeeza

enkola ya TPDF eyasigala mu ggwanga olw'okuuma obutebenkevu oluvannyuma lw'okumamulako Amin. Yakubiriza nnyo empapula ezivumirira amagye ga Tanzania, ekyanyiiza Bannayuganda abamu wamu n'ekibiina kya UNLA ekyalowooza nti si kya bwenkanya okulumba amagye agaali "ganunnude" eggwanga lino. Nga 8 Ogwomukaaga, bammemba ba NCC abataali bamativu baakuŋŋaana mu Kampala ne bayisa ekiteeso nga baagala Lule ayanjule okulonda kwe kwonna mu by'obufuzi eri akakiiko okwekeneenyezebwa. Lule teyaddamu, bwebatyo nga 12 Ogwomukaaga aba NCC baddamu okutuula ne balangirira nti yalina ennaku musanvu okugondera ebyo bye baali baagala. Pulezidenti nate yalemererwa okuddamu, bwebatyo akawungeezi ka 19 Ogwomukaaga NCC yatuula mu Entebbe State House mu kubeerawo kwa Lule. Ssentebe wa NCC, Edward Rugumayo ye yaggulawo olukiiko olwo nga yeekenneenya okwegayirira kw'ekibiina kino eri Pulezidenti okuwaayo abantu beyalonda okukakasibwa. Lule yayanukula n'ategeeza nti si mwetegefu kugenda mu kafubo ku "nsonga ng'ezo enkulu nga za ssemateeka" ng'akkiriza okuwaayo abaalondebwa mu NCC. Era n'agamba nti okulonda kwe mu kabineti kwamanyibwa mu lujjudde era nti akakiiko kasobola "okutwala okulondebwa nga bwe mwagala".

Okwogera kwa Lule kwaddirirwa NCC okukubaganya ebirowoozo okumala essaawa eziwera ku kugabanya obuyinza okwakkaanyizibwaako e Moshi. Oluvannyuma Lule yasituka n’agamba nti tannamenya ndagaano ezaakolebwa e Moshi n’agamba nti tannafuna biragiro bikulu ebigambibwa nti byamusindikibwa okuva mu NCC. Rugumayo yaddamu nti empuliziganya eyogerwako yaweerezebwa omuwandiisi wa Pulezidenti mu buntu. Akaseera katono oluvannyuma lw'okuwanyisiganya, kansala Paulo Wangoola yasituka n’awa okwogera okuwanvu. Yalangirira nti Lule si mwetegefu kukkiriza bukulu bwa nfuga ya UNLF era n’amaliriza ng’ateeka mu butongole ekiteeso ky’okuggya obwesige mu Pulezidenti. Kino kyaddirira okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi nga bakansala ab’enjawulo bawaayo okwewozaako okw’amaanyi n’okunenya Lule. Ku ssaawa 1:00 nga 20 Ogwomukaaga NCC yakuba akalulu ak’ekyama ku kiteeso ekyo. Ebyava mu kulonda byalangirirwa nga wayise eddakiika 35 nga bakansala 18 be baagagira ate 14 ne bawakanya. Bwatyo Lule yaggyibwa ku bwapulezidenti, n’afuluma ekisenge ne bakansala abalala mwenda Rugumayo bwe yategeeza nti n’okumugoba kwe kuviiriddeko n’okuggyibwako kwa kabineti ye.

Lule yakwata obwapulezidenti bwa Uganda okumala ennaku 68 zokka, ekiseera ekitono okusinga Pulezidenti wa Uganda yenna. Godfrey Binaisa, eyali Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda ku mulembe gwa Obote eyali awakanya bombi ne Amin era nga talina kifo kyonna mu kakiiko kano, olwo n’alondebwa okubeera pulezidenti. Binaisa yasigaza abamu ku baminisita ba Lule kyokka n’aggyawo abawagizi be abakulu mu kabineti n’azzaawo enkyukakyuka ze yakola mu nzirukanya y’emirimu mu Buganda.

Abaganda bangi baawulira nga Lule aggyiddwa mu buyinza kubanga yali akuumye ebirubirirwa bya Buganda ebikakafu. Okugobwa kwe kwaleetawo okwekalakaasa okunene mu Kampala n'okulwanagana wakati w'abeekalakaasi n'amagye ga Tanzania nga bagezaako okukuuma obutebenkevu. Abekalakaasi mu Baganda baziba enguudo n’okusaanyaawo loole ate abakozi mu b’ebyentambula ne beediima era abasuubuzi ne basikambula emiwendo gy’ebintu ebikulu mu bugenderevu. Ebibinja by’abakwata mundu Abaganda byatandikawo oluvannyuma lwa Lule okugenda ne bilumba poliisi n’abajaasi ekyaleeta obutafugika mu Buganda. Nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1980 kkooti ejulirwamu mu Uganda yasalawo nti okugobwa kwa Lule kwali kumenya mateeka, ng’egamba nti Lule yalina obuyinza okulonda baminisita nga NCC temukkirizza. Wadde ensala eno mu by’ekikugu yali etegeeza nti Lule yali akyayinza okweyita Pulezidenti wa Uganda, bannansi abasinga baasalawo okubuusa amaaso okusalawo kuno, okuva embeera y’ebyobufuzi mu ggwanga bwe yali ekyuuse amangu okuva Lule lwe yaggyibwawo.

Obulamu obw’oluvannyuma

Ekijjukizo ky'omuzira e Kololo-Ekijjukizo ky'omugenzi Pulofeesa Yusuf Kironde Lule

Lule bwe yava mu ofiisi y’atwalibwa mu nnyonyi e Tanzania, gye yasibirwa ng’akuumibwa n’emmundu nga tannakkirizibwa kulinnya nnyonyi okugenda e London. Oluvannyuma yagenda e Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1980, Uganda yategeka okulonda kwa bonna okulonda gavumenti empya. Nga basuubira okuvuganya, Abaganda bangi baatandika okuwagira DP ng’engeri y’okuwakanya Obote ne UPC. Lule yategeka okwetaba mu ttabamiruka wa DP mu Gwomukaaga ng'ekibiina kilonda abakulembeze baakyo abapya. Obukulembeze obwali mu ntebe bwatya nti obuwagizi bwe obwa Baganda bujja kumusindika ku ntikko y’ekibiina kyabwe n’okubasengula, era bwe batyo ne bamulemesa okudda mu Uganda. Wadde nga waliwo okweraliikirira olw’obufere n’obutali bwenkanya, UPC yalangirirwa ng’omuwanguzi asembayo mu kulonda era Obote n’afuuka Pulezidenti wa Uganda. Olw’okutya Obote okukwata obuyinza, Lule ng’ali wamu n’abalala nga Bernard Kibuuka Musoke yatandikawo era n'afuuka akulira ekibiina ky’abayeekera ekya Uganda Freedom Fighters (UFF). Nga 8 Ogwomukaaga 1981 UFF yeegatta ku ggye lya Museveni erya Popular Resistance Army ne kifuuka ekibiina kya Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM). Lule yafuuka ssentebe w’ekibiina kya UPM, ate Museveni n’afuuka omumyuka wa ssentebe waakyo era ssentebe w’ekitongole ekiduumira eggye lya National Resistance Army, ekiwawaatiro ky’ekibiina kino ekikwasi ky'emmundu. Okwegatta okwo kwanyweza nnyo obuwagizi bw’abayeekera abaali balwanyisa Obote mu Buganda. Lule yafuuka omuvumirira omukulu owa Obote era n'awandiika ekitabo, Human Rights Violations in Uganda under Obote, ekyasaasaanyizibwa ennyo ebibiina ebitali bya gavumenti.

Mu myaka mukaaga egyasembayo mu bulamu bwe, Lule yafuna obujjanjabi olw’obuzibu bw’ensigo mu Hammersmith Hospital e London. Yafiirayo nga 21 Ogwolubereberye 1985 oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa. Yaziikibwa mu kibuga London. NRA yafulumya ekiwandiiko nga afudde, nga kigamba nti "eyagala okukakasa bammemba baayo, abawagizi, abasaasira ne Bannayuganda bonna nti olutalo Professor Lule lwe yayimiriddeko lugenda kugenda mu maaso." NRA okukkakkana ng'ewangudde olutalo lw'ensiko, n'ewamba Kampala mu Gwolubereberye 1986. Oluvanyuma lwa Museveni okuwamba obuyinza, gavumenti ye yasaba omulambo gwa Lule guddizibwe. Ebisigalira byategekebwa ne biretebwa Entebbe nga 22 Ogwolubereberye 1987. Omulambo gwa Lule gwayanirizibwa ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi, ne gutwalibwa e Kampala gye gwagalamizibwa mu mbeera okumala ennaku bbiri ne guddamu okuziikibwa mu Kampala mu kifo ewawanikirwa bendera y’eggwanga eya Uganda eyasooka ku lunaku lw’ameefuga.

Ekitiibwa

Munnabyafaayo Phares Mukasa Mutibwa yayogerako ku nkola ya Lule mu bwapulezidenti nti yali ‘amateurish’.

Mutabani we Wasswa Lule yafuuka omubaka wa Rubaga North.