Yusuf Lule

Yusuf Kironde Lule (10 Ogwokuna 1912 – 21 Ogwolubereberye 1985) yali Pulofeesa era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda era nga ye pulezidenti wa Uganda owokuna wakati wa 13 Ogwokuna ne 20 Ogwomukaaga 1979.

Obuto bwe n’emirimu gye

Yusuf Lule yazaalibwa nga 10 Ogwokuna 1912 mu Kampala . Yasomera mu ssomero lya King's College Budo (1929–34), Makerere University College, Kampala (1934–36), Yunivasite ya Fort Hare e Alice, South Afrika (1936–39) ne Yunivasite y'eEdinburgh . Mu kusooka, yali Musiraamu kyokka n’akyuka n’adda mu ddiini y’Ekikulistaayo ng’ali mu King’s College Buddo.

Mu 1947 Lule yawasa Hannah Namuli Wamala mu kkanisa ya Kings College Budo, gye yali omusomesa ate nga ye muwala omukulu .

Mu 1959 ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP) kyalonda Lule okufuuka Kattikiro (Ssaabaminisita) w’obwakabaka bwa Buganda. Abakulu bangi mu bwakabaka baali tebeesiga oba mu ngeri endala tebaawagira Lule olwokuba Obusiraamu. Wadde yakyuka n’afuuka Omukulistaayo, era Michael Kintu yeeya wangula akalulu. Uganda bwe yafuna obwetwaze mu 1962, yafuuka ssentebe w'Akakiiko k'Abakozi ba Gavumenti.

Lule yaweereza ng’omuddugavu eyasooka omukulu w’essomero lya Makerere University College okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1970, era yali muyambi wa ssaabawandiisi w’ekibiina ekigatta yunivasite za Afrika, mu Accra, Ghana, wakati wa 1973 ne 1978. Lule yaweereza nga minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza nga Uganda tennafuna bwetwaze n’oluvannyuma n’afuuka omuyambi w’omuwandiisi omukulu ow’ekibiina kya Commonwealth Ekiwandiisi. Yagenda mu buwanganguse nga Idi Amin amaze okujja mu buyinza.

Ssentebe wa Uganda National Liberation Front

Oluvanyuma lw’olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania okutandika, abayeekera ba Uganda n’abawanganguse baatandika okukola enteekateeka z’okussaawo gavumenti empya okugoberera enfuga ya Idi Amin. Oluvannyuma lw’eggye lya Tanzania People’s Defence Force (TPDF) okuwamba ekitundu ekinene, Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere owa Tanzania yalagira liyimirize kiwe abayeekera ba Uganda obudde okutuula n’okuddamu okwetegeka. Abayeekera ba Uganda baakola enteekateeka ezisaanidde, okusinga nga bakulembeddwamu eyali pulezidenti Milton Obote n’omugezigezi owa kkono Dani Wadada Nabudere mu nnyiriri zaabwe. Nga Abatanzania batandika okutegeka olukungaana lw'abayeekera n'abawanganguse, Nyerere yali addamu okwetegereza omulimu gwa Obote mu kibiina kino. Yali tayagala kuteekawo ndowooza nti Tanzania yali egenda kussaawo gavumenti yaayo mu Uganda ng’eyanguyira Obote okutwala obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ky’abayeekera, era waaliwo obukambwe eri Obote okuva mu Baganda mu bukiikaddyo bwa Uganda awamu n’amawanga amalala nga Kenya. Nyerere era yatya nti Obote yandiziyizza enkolagana mu lukiiko luno n’okugireetera okusasika nga tewali buwanguzi. Yatuuka n’okumatiza Obote okwewala okujja. Mu kifo kya Obote, bangi ku Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse baatandika okwettanira Lule, eyali Muganda era ng’alina erinnya ly’okubeera omutetenkanya mu by’obufuzi wamu n’omukozi wa gavumenti ataayonoonebwa mivuyo oba obuweereza obw’obuli bw’enguzi mu gavumenti ya Uganda eyayita.

Olukungaana lwa Moshi lwaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokusatu 1979 mu kibuga Moshi mu Tanzania, oluvannyuma lw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ku biwayi n’abantu ki abayinza okuyingizibwa. Akawungeezi ako ababaka baalangirira okutondebwawo kw’ekibiina kya Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF), ekyalina okufugibwa akakiiko k’eggwanga ak’okwebuuza ku bantu (NCC) akalimu abantu 30 n’akakiiko akafuzi ak’eggwanga akalimu abantu 11, akasembayo nga kalimu akakiiko ak’enjawulo asatu — Eby’ensimbi n’okuddukanya emirimu, eby’obufuzi n’eby’obufuzi, n’ensonga z’amagye. Ennaku bbiri ezaddirira zaamala nga bakubaganya ebirowoozo ku bbalansi y’obuyinza mu bitongole ebifuga n’okulonda ssentebe w’ekibiina kino, ekyavuganyizibwako ennyo wakati wa Lule ne Paulo Muwanga, omuwagizi wa Obote. Oluvannyuma lw’okuyomba okw’amaanyi ne wabaawo okukkaanya nga Lule agenda kuweebwa entebe ate Muwanga n’afuulibwa akulira akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z’amagye.

Pulezidenti wa Uganda

Okutuula kwe ku ntebe

Nga asangiddwa teyeetegekedde kugwa kwa Kampala, Lule yayanguwa naakola olukalala lw'abaminisita abagendereddwamu okukiikirira n'obwenkanya amawanga ag'enjawulo mu bantu ba Uganda. Nga 12 Ogwokuna 1979 Lule ne kabineti ye baalinnya ennyonyi okuva e Dar es Salaam okugenda Entebbe okutandika obufuzi bwe. Nga ennyonyi eyimiriziddwa e Mwanza, abakungu ba Tanzania baasalawo okulwawo kko era ne basooka okukakasa nti eby'okwerinda ku mukolo mu Kampala byali gguluggulu. Enkeera, Lule ne ba minisita be baatuuka Entebbe era ne baleetebwa mu Kampala mu mmotoka ya TPDF akawungeezi. Olwo Lule n’alayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda mu maaso g’ekizimbe kya Palamenti n’awa okwogera mu bufunze nga yeeyama okuleeta okuzza amateeka n’obutebenkevu. Lule yakomekkerezza ng'agamba mu Luganda, "Kaakati kano ke kaseera kaffe." Nga abaTanzania bakyawulira nti Kampala talina bukuumi bumala, abakungu ba Tanzania bayanguwa okuggya Lule mu Palamenti ne bamutwala mu nnyumba y'obwa Pulezidenti e Entebbe.

Ekiseera ky’okubeera

Lule yayingira ofiisi mu kiseera ng’ebitongole by’eggwanga lya Uganda tebikola bulungi era ng’eggwanga lirimu obumenyi bw’amateeka n’effujjo; yakubiriza eggwanga eryalemererwa . Lule teyafaayo ku ndagaano za Moshi Conference ezaalambika obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obunafu era n’agezaako okukakasa obusobozi bwe okukolera wansi w’obuyinza obw’amaanyi obwaweebwa ssemateeka eyali akola mu Uganda nga Amin tannawamba gavumenti. Mu nnaku ntono oluvannyuma lw’okuyingira ofiisi Lule n’abawabuzi be baatandika okusalawo ebikulu nga tebeebuuzizza ku NCC. Era yasiba abakiise ku kakiiko kano bwe yasooka okugaana okutongozebwa kwabwe era omukolo bwe gwakyusibwa asobole okubeerawo, yawa okwogera n’agenda nga tannabalayiza, ekyabanyiiza ennyo. Lule olwo n’alonda ba minisita n’abamyuka b'aba minisita mu kabineti ye nga NCC temukkirizza. Abakiise ba kabineti beegatta ku NCC ex officio, era okukkakkana ng’alonze baminisita 24 n’abamyuka 20, oluvannyuma ne basinga ba kkansala abaasooka. Wadde nga waaliwo okwemulugunya okuva mu NCC, Lule yagenda mu maaso n’okulonda abantu n’okuddamu okutunula mu nsengeka ya kabineti ye. Era yalangirira okuddamu okutegeka enzirukanya ya Uganda, n’agabanyaamu eggwanga mu bitundu bina buli kimu nga kigoberera obuyinza bwa kaminsona w’ekitundu.

Lule yayongera okunyiiza aba NCC, kabineti ye bwe yawa bammemba baayo bennyini ssente z'ebweru ezibalirirwamu ddoola 5,000 nga "ensako y'okuddaabiriza" wadde ng'eggwanika lyalina ssente ntono nnyo. Lule yayanukula obusungu bwa bakansala n’abawa ensako y’emu, gye baagaana. Era teyeesiga kibiina kya UNLA, kye yali atwala nti kirimu abawagizi ba Obote ne Yoweri Museveni abeesigwa. Gavumenti ya Lule yamma amagye ssente olw’ensonga eno, era teyakola kinene mu ku kwasaganya okuwangulwa kw’amagye ga Amin agaali gasigaddewo. Yateekateeka okusatulula UNLA n'agikyusa n'assaamu "Eggye ly'Eggwanga" eppya, ekyanyiiza abakulembeze b'eryasooka. Amagye gaali galina okukiikirira ebitundu bya Uganda byonna mu kigerageranyo era nga gassaawo ebisaanyizo by’obuyigirize eri abasaba.

Lule yafuna obuyambi bwa bukadde bwa pawundi 100 okuva mu mawanga g'ebweru, n’aggyawo abawakanya abaali batya nti agenda kuguza eggwanga lino eri abasuubuzi b’ensi yonna. Kaweefube wa gavumenti ye okuziyiza ebbeeyi y’ebintu n’okukomya akatale k’abaddugavu yali mutono era teyafuna buwanguzi, era mu kiseera kye embeera y’ebyenfuna ya Uganda yeeyongera okukendeera okuva ku bufuzi bwa Amin.

Baganda bangi baasanyuka nnyo olw’okutuula kwa Lule ku bwa pulezidenti, nga basuubira nti ajja kukuuma ebirungi by’ekitundu kya Buganda n’okukuuma Obote obutadda mu buyinza. Lule okukkakkana ng’akola ebikolwa ebyasanyusa Baganda, gamba ng’okuzza obumu mu by’obufuzi mu Buganda, okuwa gavumenti ya Buganda obuyinza obusingako, okutera okwogera ebigambo mu lujjudde mu Luganda, okulonda abakulembeze b’obwakabaka bwa Baganda abamanyiddwa mu ofiisi ez’oku ntikko, n’okuwa abasuubuzi b’Abaganda endagaano z’eggwanga ezimu. Mu kuddamu okugabanya ebintu n’ebitongole ebyakwatibwa oku banne ne Amin, gavumenti ya Lule yagaba ssente ezitasaana eri Baganda ne banne ab’oku lusegere. Abantu b’amawanga amalala mu Uganda tebaali beesiga Lule wadde okumuwa ekitiibwa kinene, okuva bwe baali bawulira nti agenda kutumbula Buganda ku ssente z’ebitundu ebirala. Bannayuganda abamu baali batya nti enteekateeka ye ey’amagye yali eyinza okuviirako okutondawo eggye erifugibwa a Baganda, okusinziira nti Buganda yalina abantu bangi okusinga ekitundu ekirala kyonna mu ggwanga. Abamuvumirira baamuvumirira nti "asosola mu mawanga" era "feudalist".

Okuggwaawo n’okuggyibwa mu ofiisi

Engeri Lule gye yakwatamu kabineti ye yaleetawo obusungu mu NCC naddala bwe yagoba Muwanga mu ofiisi. Pulezidenti Nyerere owa Tanzania yategeeza Lule nti Tanzania egenda kunywerera ku ndagaano ezikwata ku buyinza mu bakulu mu Uganda ezaakolebwa e Moshi. Lule yali awulira nti Tanzania yali esobola okumuwa obuyambi abamuwakanya mu by'obufuzi era okusobola okukendeeza amaanyi gabwe mu Uganda n'ekibiina kya UNLA ekyalowooza nti si kya bwenkanya okulumba amagye agaali "gasumudde" eggwanga lino. Nga 8 Ogwomukaaga bammemba ba NCC abataali bamativu baakuŋŋaana mu Kampala ne bayisa ekiteeso nga baagala Lule ayanjule byonna bye yalonda mu byobufuzi mu kakiiko okwekenneenya. Lule teyaddamu, bwatyo nga 12 Ogwomukaaga aba NCC ne baddamu okutuula ne balangirira nti alina ennaku musanvu okugondera bye baali baagala. Pulezidenti yazzeemu okulemererwa okuddamu, bwatyo akawungeezi ka 19 Ogwomukaaga NCC yatuula mu Entebbe State House nga Lule yaliwo. Ssentebe wa NCC, Edward Rugumayo ye yagguddewo olukiiko luno bwe yeekenneenya okwegayirira ekibiina kino ekitatuuse ku buwanguzi eri Pulezidenti okuwaayo abantu be yalondeddwa okukakasibwa. Lule yayanukudde n'ategeeza nti si mwetegefu kukwata nnyikira ekwata ku "nsonga za ssemateeka enkulu" bwe zityo ng'akkiriza okuwaayo abaalondebwa mu NCC. Era agambye nti okulonda kwe mu kabineti kwamanyibwa mu lujjudde era nti akakiiko kasobola "okutwala okulondebwa nga bwe mwagala".

Lule okwogera kyaddiridde okukubaganya ebirowoozo okumala essaawa eziwera nga NCC ekwata ku kugabanya obuyinza okwakkaanyiziddwaako e Moshi. Oluvannyuma Lule yasituka n’agamba nti teyamenya ndagaano ezaakolebwa e Moshi n’agamba nti tannafuna biragiro bikulu ebigambibwa nti byamusindikibwa okuva mu NCC. Rugumayo yazzeemu nti empuliziganya eyogerwako yaweereddwa omuwandiisi wa Pulezidenti mu buntu. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono kansala wa exchange Paulo Wangoola yasituka n’awa okwogera okuwanvu. Yalangiridde nti Lule si mwetegefu kukkiriza bukulu bwa nfuga ya UNLF era n’amaliriza ng’ateeka mu butongole ekiteeso ky’okuggya obwesige mu Pulezidenti. Kino kyaddiridde okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi nga bakansala ab’enjawulo bawaddeyo okwewozaako okw’amaanyi n’okunenya Lule. Ku ssaawa 1:00 nga 20 Ogwomukaaga NCC yakuba akalulu ku kiteeso kino ng’eyita mu kalulu ak’ekyama. Ebyava mu bigezo byalangirirwa nga wayise eddakiika 35 nga bakansala 18 be baawakanya ate 14 ne bawakanya. Bwatyo Lule yaggyibwa ku bwapulezidenti, n’afuluma ekisenge ne bakansala abalala mwenda Rugumayo bwe yategeezezza nti n’okumugoba kwe kwavaako n’okuggyibwako kabineti ye.

Lule yakwata obwa ulezidenti bwa Uganda okumala ennaku 68 zokka, ekiseera ekitono okusinga Pulezidenti wa Uganda yenna. Godfrey Binaisa, eyali Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda ku mulembe gwa Obote eyali azze okumuwakanya bombi ne Amin era nga talina kifo kyonna mu kakiiko kano, olwo n’alondebwa okubeera pulezidenti. Binaisa yasigaza abamu ku baminisita ba Lule kyokka n’aggyawo abawagizi be abakulu mu kabineti n’azzaawo enkyukakyuka ze yakola mu nzirukanya y’emirimu mu Buganda.

Baganda bangi baawulira nti Lule aggyiddwa mu buyinza kubanga yali akuumye ebiruubirirwa bya Buganda ebituufu. Okugobwa kwe kwaleetawo okwekalakaasa okunene mu Kampala n'okulwanagana wakati w'abeekalakaasi n'amagye ga Tanzania nga bagezaako okukuuma obutebenkevu. Abekalakaasi mu Baganda bazibye enguudo n’okusaanyaawo loole ate abakozi b’ebyentambula ne beediima era abasuubuzi ne basikambula emiwendo gy’ebintu ebikulu mu bugenderevu. Ebibinja by’Abaganda ebimu eby’emmundu byatandikawo oluvannyuma lwa Lule okugenda ne bilumba poliisi n’abajaasi ekyafuula Buganda obutafugibwa. Nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1980 kkooti ejulirwamu mu Uganda yasalawo nti okugobwa kwa Lule kwali kumenya mateeka, ng’egamba nti Lule yalina obuyinza okulonda baminisita nga NCC temukkirizza. Wadde ensala eno mu by’ekikugu yali etegeeza nti Lule yali akyayinza okweyita Pulezidenti wa Uganda, bannansi abasinga baasalawo okubuusa amaaso okusalawo kuno, okuva embeera y’ebyobufuzi mu ggwanga bwe yali ekulaakulana mangu okuva Lule lwe yaggyibwawo.

Obulamu obw’oluvannyuma

Ekijjukizo ky'omuzira e Kololo-Ekijjukizo ky'omugenzi Pulofeesa Yusuf Kironde Lule

Lule bwe yava mu ofiisi n’atwalibwa mu nnyonyi n’atwalibwa e Tanzania, gye yasibirwa ng’akuumibwa n’emmundu nga tannakkirizibwa kulinnya nnyonyi okugenda e London . Oluvannyuma yagenda e Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1980 Uganda yategeka okulonda kwa bonna okulonda gavumenti empya. Nga basuubira okuvuganya, Baganda bangi baatandika okuwagira DP ng’engeri y’okuwakanya Obote ne UPC. Lule yategese okwetaba mu ttabamiruka wa DP mu June ekibiina mwe kinaalonda abakulembeze baakyo abapya. Obukulembeze obuli mu ntebe bwatya nti obuwagizi bwe obwa Baganda bujja kumusindika ku ntikko y’ekibiina kyabwe n’okubasengula, era bwe batyo ne bamulemesa okudda mu Uganda. Wadde nga waliwo okweraliikirira olw’obufere n’obutali bwenkanya, UPC yalangirirwa ng’omuwanguzi asembayo mu kulonda era Obote n’afuuka Pulezidenti wa Uganda. Olw’okutya Obote okukwata obuyinza, Lule ng’ali wamu n’abalala nga Bernard Kibuuka Musoke baatandikawo era ne bafuuka akulira ekibiina ky’abayeekera ekya Uganda Freedom Fighters (UFF). Nga 8 June 1981 UFF yeegatta ku ggye lya Museveni erya Popular Resistance Army ne likola ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM). Lule yafuuka ssentebe w’ekibiina kya NRM, ate Museveni n’afuuka omumyuka wa ssentebe waakyo era ssentebe w’ekitongole ekiduumira eggye lya National Resistance Army, ekiwawaatiro ky’ekibiina kino ekirimu emmundu. Okugatta kuno kwanyweza nnyo obuwagizi bw’abayeekera abaali balwanyisa Obote mu Buganda. Lule yafuuka omuvumirira omukulu owa Obote era n'awandiika ekitabo, Human Rights Violations in Uganda under Obote, ekyasaasaanyizibwa ennyo ebibiina ebitali bya gavumenti .

Mu myaka mukaaga egisembayo mu bulamu bwe Lule yafuna obujjanjabi olw’obuzibu bw’ekibumba mu ddwaaliro lya Hammersmith Hospital e London. Yafiirayo nga 21 Ogwolubereberye 1985 olw’ensigo okulemererwa oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa. Yaziikibwa mu kibuga London. NRM yafulumya ekiwandiiko nga afudde, nga kigamba nti "eyagala okukakasa bammemba baayo, abawagizi, abasaasira ne Bannayuganda bonna nti olutalo Professor Lule lwe yayimiriddeko lugenda kugenda mu maaso." NRM okukkakkana ng'ewangula olutalo lwa Uganda Bush War, n'ewamba Kampala mu January 1986. Oluvanyuma lwa Museveni okuwamba obuyinza, gavumenti ye yasaba omulambo gwa Lule guddibweyo. Ebisigalira byasazibwamu ne bitwalibwa Entebbe nga 22 January 1987. Omulambo gwa Lule gwayanirizibwa ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi, ne gutwalibwa e Kampala gye gwasooka okutwalibwa gwasooka okutwalibwa okumala ennaku bbiri ne guddamu okuziikibwa mu Kampala gye yali ewaniriddwa bendera y’eggwanga eya Uganda eyasooka ku lunaku lw’ameefuga.

Omukululo gwe

Munnabyafaayo Phares Mukasa Mutibwa yayogeddeko ku mutindo gwa Lule mu bwapulezidenti nti gwa ‘amateurish’.

Mutabani we Wasswa Lule yafuuka omubaka wa Rubaga North.