Ebyobulimi mu Uganda

Embeera y'ettaka lya Uganda n'embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu biwaddeyo omuwendo eri enkulakulana y'ebyobulimi mu Ggwanga. Ebifo bya Uganda ebiwerako bibadde bifuna enkuba mpitirivu. Mu myaka egimu, ebitundu ebimu eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bwo Buvanjuba n'obukiikaddyo bwo Buggwanjuba bibadde bilina okusukka mu 150 millimeters buli mwwezi. Mu Bukiikakkono, waliyo ebiseera olumu eby'ekyeya mu mwezi Gwekkuminebiri n'oGusooka. ebbugumu ly'ayo olumu likyuka n'elirinya n'okukka mu 20 °C wabula zikwataganyizibwa enkyukakyuka mu budde.^[1]

Embeera zino zisobozesezza enkola y'okuteekateeka ettaka n'okulikozesa mu Bukiikaddyo wabula okulima kw'omwaka mu Bukiikakkono, era ensonda ez'ekyeya mu Bukiikakkono bwo Buvanjuba ziwagidde enkola y'abalunzi okulunda nga bwebatambula okuva mu kifo ekimu okudda mu kirala. Newankubadde okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'abantu kuleesewo obunkenke ku ttaka mu bifo ebimu, ebbula ly'ettaka libadde ttono era kimu ky'akusatu ku ttaka okulimibwa libaddewo okuva mu.

Ebibiina by'obwegassi

Mu 1950 okutuusa ku mefuga mu 1962, Gavumenti ya Bungereza yaleetawo enkola ey'ebibiina by'obwegassi eri abalimi abaali balimira emaka gaabwe okwenyigira mu kutunda ebimera: emmwanyi enkalu, ppamba, taaba, ne kasooli. David Gordon Hines (1915–2000) (kaminsona w'ebibiina by'obwegassi okuva mu 1959 okutuusa ku mefuga mu 1962 n'oluvanyuma ng'omukozi wa Gavumenti okutuusa mu 1965) y'akulakulanya ekisinde kino ng'akuutira abalimi era abamu ku balimi 500,000 b'egatta ku bibiina by'obwegassi.^[2]

Ye nga omubalirizi w'ebitabo saako ne tiimu y'abantu 20 (Abangereza) abakwasaganya ebibiina by'obwegassi ku Disitulikiti ne Bannayuganda abamu 400 batandikawo ssemateeka n'enkola ey'okubalirira eri buli kibiina ky'obwegassi. Baddukanya emisomo gy'obwegassi mu masomero mu Kampala; batuuza abamyuka, batandikawo baanka y'obwegassi era n'ebatandikawo n'obutale naddal mu bifo abantu gyebataliina bukugu n'abumanyirivu mu bubalirizi bw'ebitabo. Buli kibiina ky'alina ba mmemb abalimi abaali wakati wa 100 ne 150 abalonda obukiiko bw'abwe.

Mu buli Disitulikiti, waaliyo ekibiina ky'obwegassi "ekyawamu" eky'azimba amaterekero n'oluvanyuma nga bakozesa ssente za Gavumenti, amakolero omuli: ebifulumya ppamba, ebikaza taaba, n'ebyuma ebisa kasooli. Abalimi abawerako benyigira mu kulima ebimuli ng'engeri y'okufuna amagoba mu bibiina by'abwe ebyobwegassi ng'abasuubuzi ba Asia bwe baali bakola. Enguudo, enkulakulana n'ebyobukuumi by'akyusibwa mu kaseera k'obukulembeze bw'amatwale n'okusinga bwekyali mu myaka gya 1900, ekyasobozesa okutunda n'okutambuza eby'amaguzi by'abalimi.

Oluvanyuma lw'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin mu 1971-8 bw'alimu okutemula n'okutemula abantu, David Hines yakomawo mu Uganda mu 1982 ng'atumiddwa Bbanka y'ensi yonna okulongoosa amakolero agaalina ebyuma ebyali bikaddiye ng'abikoledde ebbanga era kino yakikola okuyita mu kukyusa ebyuma ebipya okuzaawo ebyo eby'ali bukadiye.

Ekibiina kya Hope Development Initiative wansi wa Agnes Atim Apea kibadde kizaawo ebibiina by'obweggassi eri abalimi abakyala mu bitundu bya Uganda eby'enjawulo.^[3]

1970

Okuyita mu myaka gya 1970, obutabanguko obw'ava ku by'obufuzi, obutakwasaganya bintu mu bulungi, ebbula ly'ebikozesebwa ky'amalirawo ddala ensimbi ezaali ziva mu birime. Emuwendo gye bintu eby'ali bifulumizibwa gyakendera mu 1980 n'okusinga mu 1960. Enkulakulana mu tekinologiya kw'akereyezebwa olw'okuddirira mu by'ensimbi, omutindo gw'ebyobulimi eby'ali bifulumizibwa gw'ali gw'awansi olw'enkola ezaali zikozesebwa ezitaali z'amutindo ku faamu ento ne ennene nga zaali zifulumya emiwendo gy'amuswaba nnyo. Ebintu ebirala eby'ali bisoomoza abalimi mwalimu enguudo ezaali mu mbeera embi, enkola y'obutale eyali eyononeddwa emiwendo gy'ebintu okupaalusibwa. Ensonga zino zaviirako emiwendo gy'ebintu ebifulumizibwa okukendeera saako n'emmere efulumizibwa mu myaka gya 1980.

Okuddirira mu by'obulimi, kwavirako ebisoomoza ebinene naddala okukwasaganya emisolo gy'okutunda eby'amaguzi ebulaaya n'okuliisa emiwendo gy'abantu egyali gy'eyongedde. Newankubadde ebisoomoza bino byaliwo, eby'obulimi by'awamba akatale k'ebyensimbi. Mu 1980, eby'obulimi (mu mbeera y'abantu mu by'ensimbi n'ebitali bya nsimbi) by'awaayo bibiri by'akusatu mu GDP, 95% ku misolo gy'okutunda ebulaaya, ne 40% emisolo gya Gavumenti.

Okugatta awamu, 20% eri abakozi ab'omusaala bakolanga mu kusuubula birime era ebitundu 60% eby'akozi bafuna nga ssente okuva mu mulimi. Ebyafulumizibwa mu bulimi by'agyibwanga mu balimi abasoba mu bukadde 2.2 okuva mu faamu eziweza yiika z'ettaka 2.5. Aba 1987 RDP bakowoola obuyambi okwongera ku nfulumya y'ebirime nga, Kaawa, Ppamba, amajaani, ne Ttaaba, n'okulinyisa omutindo gw'ebirime ebitundibwa ebulaaya nga Kasooli, ebijanjalo, ebinyeebwa (peanuts), soya, simu simu, ne kalonda w'ebibala n'ebikolebwa okuva mu bibala.

Ebyafulumizibwa

Uganda by'eyafulumya mu 2018:

milliyooni za taani 3.9 ez'ebikajjo;
Milliyooni za tani 3.8 ez'amenvu(bakwata ky'akuna mu nsi yonna, nga yawangulwa Congo, Ghana ne Cameroon);
Miliyooni za tani 2.9 eza kasooli;
Miliyooni za tani 2.6 eza muwogo;
Miliyoni za tani 1.5 ez'lumonde (bakwata kya 7 mu nsi yonna);
Miliyoni za tani 1.0 ez'ebijanjaalo;
Miliyooni za tani 1.0 ez'enva endirwa;
Enkumi za tani 532 ez'amatooke;
Enkumi za tani 360 ez'obutungulu;
Enkumi za tani 298 ez'omuwemba;
Enkumi za tani 260 ez'omukyeere;
Enkumi za tani 245 ez'ensigo z'ebimuli;
Enkumi za tani 242 ez'ebinyebwa;
Enkumi za tani 211 ez'emmwanyi (bakwata kya 10 mu kufulumya mu nsi yonna);
Enkumi za tani 209 ez'obulo;

Okwongereza ku miwendo emito egifulumizibwa mu by'obulimi nga Ppamba (enkumi za tani 87), amajaani (enkumi za tani 62), taaba (enkumi za tania 35) ne Kooko (enkumi za tani 27). ^[4]

Ebimera

Emmere ya Uganda enkulu ebadde matooke, muwogo, lumonde, obulo, omuwemba, emberenge, ebijanjaalo, n'ebinyebwa. Ebimera ebikulu abisimbibwa nga by'akutunda by'ali mmwanyi, Ppamba, amajaani, Kooko, vanilla ne taaba, newankubadde mu 1980 abalimi abawerako baatunda emmere yaabwe okusobola okufuna ensimbi ez'okweyambisa. Enfulumya ya Ppamba, amajaani, ne taaba y'agwa mu myaka gya 1970 ne 1980.

Mu myaka gya 1980, Gavumenti yagezaako okukuutira okugaziya eby'obulimi eby'okutunda ekigya okuleetawo okweyongera mu bitundibwa ebulaaya ebitali by'annono. Uganda Development Bank n'ebitongole ebirala baawola abalimi ensimbi newankubadde abalimi abamu bafuna ssente butereevu okuva mu Gavumenti ng'abayita mu bibiina by'abalimi eby'obwegassi. Eri abalimi abalima akatono, enkola y'okuwola ensimbi entono yali nkola ekirizisa abalimi okulwaawo okusasulira ensigo n'ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kulima eby'ali bibaweebwa ebibiina by'obwegassi.

Ebibiina by'obwegassi era by'ebyakwasaganya nga obutale, newankubadde obukiiko obukwasagnya obutale ne Kkampuni z'obwannanyini emirundi egimu bakwatagana nga n'abalimi butereevu. Ebibiina bino eby'obwegassi by'ali bikola bulungi mu biseera by'abafuzi b'amatwale naye oluvanyuma abalimi b'emulugunya nti ebibiina by'obwegassi by'ali tebisasulira bifulumizibwa okutuusa lw'ebimala okutundibwa. Emiwendo gy'ebintu okusalibwa Gavumenti kwakeleya ensasula y'abalimi era nga kino ky'asindikiriza abalimi okutunda ebimera by'abwe mu bubba mu mawanga agaliraanye era ku miwendo egyawaggulu. Mu biseera bya 1980, Gavumenti yalinyisa emiwendo gy'ebimera ebitundibwa ebulaaya okusobola okuzaamu abalimi amaanyi okukolagana n'abakozi ba Gavumenti wabula enkola eno y'alemererwa okukomya omuze gw'okukukusa ogw'ali gusanikidde wonna.

Emmwanyi

Emmwanyi ky'ekimera mu Uganda ekibadde kisinga omugaso okuva mu 1980. Mu 2013, emmwanyi ez'atundibwa ebulaaya z'atuuka ku miliyoona z'adoola 425.4.^[5]: obungi bw'empapula 235

Ekitongole kya Uganda Coffee Development Authority [1] ky'ekikalabaalaba w'amakolera g'emmwanyi.

Ppamba

Mu 1950, Ppamba yali ky'akubiri ku by'omugaso mu bilime bya Uganda eby'ali bitundibwa, nga yali aweza ebitundu 25 ku buli kikumi kw'ebyo aby'ali bitundibwa ebulaaya. Omwaka gwa 1970 nga gugwaako, emiwendo gino gy'ali giggudde ebitundu 3 ku buli kikumi era abakungu ba Gavumenti tebalabawo mugasa mu kuzza obuggya amakolero mu biseera by'omumaaso. Abalimi baali badda mu kulima ebirala olw'ekola y'okulimamu ppamba, ebbula lya pulogulaama ezivigirira n'enkola y'obutale embi. Ekolero lino ly'adda mu nsiike mu 1980. Gavumenti y'addabiriza amakolero ga ppamba era n'elinyisa emiwendo kw'afulumira. Mu 1985, yiika 199,000 z'ezasimbibwako ppamba era n'emiwendo gy'eyongera okuva ku tani 4,000 okutuusa ku tani 16,300 mu myaka etaano.

Ppamba eyatundibwa y'aweza miliyooni za doola 31.7 mu 2013, okugerageranya ku miliyooni za doola 86.0 mu 2012.: obungi bw'empapula 235

Ppamba yakola nga ebikozesebwa mu makolero ga bulijjo ag'enjawulo nga ebyuma ebikola engoya, buto ava mu ppamba n'amakolero ga sabbuuni, ne amakolero g'emmere y'ebisolo. Era mu 1980, yaletaawo enkola ey'okugaziya mu by'enfuna. Davumenti yagunjaawo pulogulaamu ey'okwanguyiriza mu kufulumya ppamba ekyaleetawo okugaziya mu buweereza, guleeda n'ebirala eby'etagisa eri abalimi ba ppamba. Mu kaseera k'ekamu Gavumenti yalinyisa emiwendo gya Ppamba okuva ku USh 32/= okutuusa ku 80/= nga za kilo ey'omutindo gwa A era okuva ku 18/= okutuusa ku 42/= ow'omutindo gwa B mu 1989. Wabula ebiseera bya ppamba eby'omumaaso mu 1990 by'ali tebikakasibwa.

Ekitongole kya Uganda Cotton Development Authority oba CDO^[6] by'atabdikibwawo mu 1994 wansi w'akawaayiro ka Paalamenti; CDO kitongole ekiva mu Minisitule ya Uganda ey'obyobulimi, ebisolo n'ebyobuvubi.^[7]

Amajaani

Embeera y'obudde ey'ekifo ennungi n'embeera z'ettaka bisobozesezza Uganda okulima amajaani agasinga era agali ku mutindo gw'ensi yonna. amajaani gaali gaweddewo mu 1970, gavumenti bweyagoba abaali balina amasamba naddala Abayindi abaali bawangalira mu Uganda. Abalimi b'amajaani abawerako bakendeeza ku nfulumya y'ago olw'okubalukawo kw'olutalo n'okugwa mu by'ensimbi. Gavumenti ez'addako oluvanyuma lwa Idi Amin baakubiriza abalimi b'amajaani okusaamu amaanyi mu kulimira ku yiika z'ettaka z'ebaali balina. Mitchell Cotts (mungereza) yakomawo mu Uganda mu ntandikwa y'omwaka gwa 1980 era n'akola kkampuni essa amajaani eya Toro and Mityana Tea Company (Tamteco) mu kukolera awamu ne Gavumenti. Okulima amajaani kweyongera okuva ku tani 1,700 ezaali z'afulumizibwa mu 1981 okutuusa ku tani 5,600 mu 1985. Eby'ava mu kulima kuno ebyawera kutuusa tani 22,000 ezaali z'afulumizibwa mu mwaka gwa 1974, era oluvanyuma g'wagwa oluvanyuma mu 1985.

Mu 1988, Gavumenti y'akubisaamu mu miwendo gy'amajaani okutuuka ku silingisi 20 ku buli kilo, okugaziya ku nfulumya y'amajaani n'okukyusa obuwangwa bw'eGgwanga mu kw'esigama ku mwanyi zokka ng'ezitundibwa ebulaaya wabula amajaani g'asigaliwo. Mu 1989, ebitundu kimu ky'akkumi ku yiika 21,000 ezaali z'asimbibwako amajaani zaali zibaza, nga zivaamu tani z'amajaani 4,600. Uganda yatunda ebitundu 90 ku buli kikumi ku majaani ag'afulumizibwa okwetoloola Uganda yonna. Mu 1988 ne 1989, Gavumenti y'akozesa ebitundu 10 ku buli kikumi ku mugatte okutuukirirza okwewaayo kwa Bannayuganda mu kuwanyisiganya eby'amaguzi n'amawanga agaliraayewo. Mu 1990 amakungula g'amajaani galinya okutuusa tani 6,900, nga kuggo 4,700 gatundibwa e bulaaya okufunamu miliyooni za doola 3.6. Gavumenti yalina esuubi okufulumya tani 10,000 mu 1991 okusobola okutuuka ku bwetaavu bwa katale.

Kkampuni zombi, Tamteco wamu ne Uganda Tea Corporation, enkola ey'awamu wakati wa Gavumenti ne Mehta Group, be bakwasaganya okulima amajaani. Mu 1989 Tamteco baalina amasamba asatu amanene agaali gawezaako yiika z'ettaka 2,300 wabula ekitundu kimu ku ttaka lya Tamteco lye lyali libaza amajaani.

Kkampuni ya Gavumenti eyali ekwasaganya eby'obulimi yali ekwasaganya yiika z'amajaani 3,000 n'enyongereza ya yiika 9,000 zaali zilimibwako abalimi 11,000 abalimira awatono, abalanga aby'amaguzi by'abwe okuyita mu kitongole ekiweereza Gavumenti naye nga tekimanyikiddwa ekya Uganda Tea Growers' Corporation (UTGC). Yiika enkumi eziwerako ez'amasamba g'amajaani z'asigala "tezikayaniddwa" kubanga banyini go baali baakakibwa okugalekulira. Mu 1990 amasamba agawerako gaali gatundiddwa eri abantu ssekinnomu okuva eri akakiiko k'ebyobugagga byabayindi abaali balekulira ng'enkola ey'okulongoosa amakolero n'okukyusa mu nkola z'abantu ba bulijjo.

Mu 1990, aba Tamteco ne Uganda Tea Corporation bakozesa ensimbi zaabwe okusasulira abamabanja g'ebaali balina n'olwekyo, okugaziya mu nfulumya y'amajaani kyali kikyatandikabutandisi. EEC ne Bbanka y'ensi yawaayo obuyambi okuzza buggya amakolero, era ne UTGC y'azza bugya amakolero g'amajaani musanvu n'obuyambi okuva mu Netherland. Tamteco ne Uganda Tea Corporation baali bamanyifu eri abalimi b'amajaani mu Africa olw'okwewaayo. Kkampuni zombi z'afuna abakunguzi okuva mu makolero ga Australia, nga bavijirirwa bbanka ya Uganda Development Bank Limited, wabula okukungula nga bakozesa byuma kwaali kwekereyezebwa olw'ebbula ly'ensimbi z'okukozesa.

Taaba

Emyaka egiwerako oluvanyuma lw'amefuga, taaba yali omu ku by'amaguzi bya Uganda eby'ali biwaanyisiganyizibwa nga yali akwata ky'akuna oluvanyuma lw'emmwanyi, ppamba n'amajaani. Ng'ebimera ebirala ebitundibwa, taaba naye y'abonabona olw'obutabanguko bw'ebyobufuzi n'ebyensimbi eby'ali mu kasuubo. Taaba asinga yakula mu bitundu by'omu Bukiikakkono bw'Obuggwanjuba ng'eno okutulugunya abantu kw'ali kulinye enkandaggo mu myaka gya 1970 era okuddabiriza indusitule eno kw'asoobamu.

Mu 1981, eky'okulabirako, abalimi bafulumya tani za taaba nkaaga mu ssatu. Waliwo okwongera ku miwendo oluvanyuma lwa 1981, olw'amaanyi agateekebwamu Kkampuni ya Bangereza eya British American Tobacco Company, ey'addamu okwezza eby'obugagga by'ayo mu 1984. Wabula ekibiina kya National Tobacco Corporation yafulumya era y'atunda tani 900 zokka eza taaba mu 1986, mu 1989 eby'afulumizibwaa by'ali bikubisiddwamu emirundi ena.

Sukaali

Ekkolero lya Sukaali eryali ery'omugaso eryali lifulumya tani 152,000 mu 1968, ly'abulako katono okugwa mu 1980. Mu 1989 Uganda yayingiza emiwendo gy'asukaali egiwerako okuva ebulaaya okugyako amakolero ga Uganda agabulijjo agaali gafulumya oyo akozesebwa abantu. Sukaali ky'ekobusuubuzi kya Uganda ekisinga okuvaamu amagoba. Okwemalirira mu kutuukiriza obwetaavu bw'abantu babulijjo mu 1995 kye ky'ali ekigendererwa kya Gavumenti mu kuddabirirza amakolero.

Abakozi ba sukaali abasinga be Kakira Sugar Works ne Sugar Corporation of Uganda Limited, nga 1980 baali bakolera wamu ne Gavumenti saako ne Famire ya Madhvani ne Mehta. Gavumenti yalagira okuddabiriza kw'amasamba gano mu 1981, wabula olutalo lw'omunda olw'abalukawo lw'akeereya pulojekiti zino. Mu makati ga 1986, emirimu ku masamba gombi gy'addamu, era ne Lugazi y'addamu okufulumya sukaali mu 1988.

Gavumenti wamu n'abayambi ab'enkulakulana baddabiriza ekkolero lya Kinyara Sugar Works Limited, wamu n'okuddamu okufulumya mu 1989. Okuddabiriza kw'essamba lya Kakira, kw'akeleyezebwa olw'ebizibu by'obwannanyini era kw'amalirizibwa mu 1990 ku miwendo gya Miliyooni za doola 70, eky'awa Uganda obusobozi okukungunta wakiri tani 140,000 buli mwaka. Mayuge Sugar Industries Limitedyatandika okufulumya mu 2005.^[8] Atiak Sugar Factory yali esuubirizibwa okutandika okukola mu 2017,okwongerako tani 66,000 eza sukaali w'obuwunga okumala omwaka.^[9]

Tiimu y'abakugu ekkiriza emirimu okukolebwa okuva mu Kenya ne Uganda bagamba nti ku kalenda bbiri ez'emyaka 2014 ne 2015, omugatte gw'ebyo eby'ali bifulumiziddwa gw'ali tani 398,408 buli mwaka. Omuwendo gwa sukaali akozesebwa buli mwaka gwali tani 336,111, nga tani 62,297 ezisigalwo z'ezitundibwa ebulaaya.^[10]^[11]

Eby'obulunzi

Obutonde bw'ensi obulungi bw'asobozesa obulunzi bw'ente, endiga, n' embuzi, n'ebisolo eby'enjawulo ebyasisira eby'obulunzi mu Uganda. Abalunzi abalundira awatono balina ebitundu 95 ku buli kikumi eby'ente, newankubadde ebiraaro eby'omulembe nkumi ebirunda ebisolo ebitundibwa byatandikibwawo mu 1960 ne 1970 mu bifo eby'ali byayunjibwa olw'obulumbaganyi bw'ensowera. Okuzaaza ente kw'akola bulungi mu 1960, wabula olw'okutaataganyizibwa mu 1970 ente nyingi z'anyagibwa era abalimi abawerako batunda ebisolo by'abwe ku miwendo egy'awansi okwewala okusalwa.

Mu 1980, Gavumenti y'awa abalimi obuyambi obw'omugaso era mu 1983 ebiraalo kinaana by'addamu ne bijjuzibwa ente. Newankubadde ekyo kyaliwo, mu 1980 sekita y'obulunzi era yayongera okusalwa olw'okubalukawo kw'obulwadde bw'ebisolo naddala mu bitundu by'amu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba. Okwekalakaasa mu bifo ebyo kwaleetawo okulemererwa mu kulwanyisa obulwadde n'okusaasanya kw'obulwadde obuva ku nsowera. Obubbi bw'ente naddala ku nsalo salo za Kenya n'abwo bw'akendeeza ku nte mu bitundu ebimu eby'omu Bukiikakkono bw'Obuvanjuba.

Gavumenti yali essuubi ely'okwongera ku muwendo gw'ente okutuusa miliyooni 10 mu 2000. Yateekateeka okugula ente okuva mu Tanzania mu 1988 era nebatandikawo pulojekiti ya miliyooni za doola 10.5 eye Kuwait okuddabiriza kisaawe ky'obulunzi bw'ente. Gavumenti yakkiriza pulogulaamu evujirira okuzaalisa kw'ente okw'ekizungu eya EEC-funded program ne dipaatimenti ekwasaganya obujanjabi bw'ebisolo nga kino ky'agezaako okuwonya ente ezaali zisigaddewo obutakwatibwa nddwadde nga contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, hoof-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, ne trypanosomiasis. Mu Gwomukaaga 2017, ky'ali kigerageranyizibwa nti Uganda yalina ente ezikunukiriza mu miliyooni 73.^[12]

Abalunzi b'ente z'amata mu Uganda bakoze butaweera okutuusa obwetaavu mu indusitule wabula bataataganyiziddwa ebizibu ebitali bimu. Emiwendo gy'amata egy'awansi, ebisale by'eddagala ly'ebisolo ebiri waggulu n'okutaataganyizibwa eby'entambula by'ali by'akusomooza bikulu eri enkulakulana y'abalunzi b'ente z'amata. Ab'ekitongole ekibunya emmere ekya World Food Programme (WFP) yawaayo omutemwa okuddabiriza amakolero g'amata era ebitongole nga United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) n'abyo byayambako mu kusasulira amata g'obuwunga agaali gagulibwa ebweru, agasinga gaali gava mu United States ne Denmark. Ekigendererwa kya WFP okuva ebiva mu mata okutuusa ku mutindo gwa 1972 ogwa liita z'amata miliyooni 400 buli mwaka ky'awakanyizibwa abasawo b'abulijjo abaali b'ekennenya omuwendo gw'abantu ogwali gulinnya n'eby'obulamu eby'etagibwa mu bifo eby'ali by'akosebwa olutalo mu 1972.

Abasuubuzi b'abulijjo b'emulugunya nti Uganda yali esusse okwesigama ku mawanga ag'akulakulana mu by'ensimbi. Uganda yalina ettaka awalundirwa eliwerako saako n'obusoboozi obwali tebunnazuulwa okukulakulanya amata. Okubulwa ebiliisa mu mubiri okuva mu kulya ebitatuukirira n'amubiri gwe by'ali tebinnabagyibwaawo, era amata gaali gabbula naddala mu bifo awataali balunzi. Amata g'obuwunga agaali gayingizibwa okuva ebulaaya saako siyaagi byali bya bbeeyi era by'ali by'etaaga akatale n'entambula naddala mu bifo okukulakulana weyali esoboka. Faamu ez'ali zisomerwako, z'atwalibwa ng'ebyomugaso eri eby'enjigiriza era ebyetaago by'ekisulo tebyali by'atutumu eri abayizi n'ewankubadde abasomesa abaali batakkiriza nti okutendeka eby'obulimi ky'ali kyetagiisa mu masomero. Abasuubuzi bavumirira enkola ya Uganda ennafu naddala mu kulwanisa eddwadde z'obulwadde era bawanjagira gavumenti okukulakulanya amakolero nga seminti n'ebyuma, eby'ali biyinza okukozesebwa okuzimba ebidiba by'ente okulwanisa obulwadde bw'enkwa.

Obalunzi b'embuzi n'abo betaba mu katale. Nga 1980 aggwako, ekisaawe ky'abalunzi b'ebinyonyi by'ali bilinyira ku bwangu, nga b'esigama nnyo ku bukoko obwali bugyibwa ebulaaya okuva mu Bungereza ne Zambia. Kkampuni ez'enjawulo ez'obwannanyini eziwerako z'akola buluda wamu n'obutiba. Ensonga enkulu ey'ali elemesa okugaziya eby'obulunzi yali bbula ly'emere y'enkoko ey'omutindo era Gavumenti yasuubira nti okukontana mu kkampuni z'obwannanyini ezaali zikola emmere y'ebisolo zaali z'akulinya buzibu obwo ku nfeete. Mu 1987 bbanka ya Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, ekibiina ky'amawanga agatunda amafuta ekya Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, IDRB ne Gavumenti ya Uganda, bavujirira okuddabiriza eby'obulunzi bw'enkoko era ne pulojekiti y'enkulakulana feyali eweramu obukadde bwa Doola17.2 okutandikawo ebifo omwaluzibwa obukoko n'emmere saako n'okuyingiza enkoko enkulu n'obuto.

Okulunda enjuki

Ekisaawe kya Uganda mu kulunda enjuki era n'abo bataataganyizibwa olw'olutalo olw'omunda. Mu 1980, Pulojekiti ya CARE Apiary Development Project yayambako mu kuddabiriza ekisaawe kino era mu 1987 ebibiina by'obwegassi ebisoba mu ataano n'amaduuka g'obwannanyini baali bafuuka baguzi. Ebiyumba by'enjuzi ebisoba mu 4,000 bye by'ali bikozesebwa. Mu 1987 tani 797 ez'omubisi ne kilo 614 ebisusunku by'enjuki by'ebali bifulumiziddwa.

Laba na bino

Ebijuliziddwamu

↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress
↑ Interview of David Hines in 1999 by W D Ogilvie; obituary of David Hines in London Daily Telegraph 8 April 2000 written by W D Ogilvie
↑ http://www.humanrightscolumbia.org/node/8683
↑ http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/
↑ http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/statistical_abstracts/Statistical%20Abstract%202014.pdf
↑ http://cdouga.org/
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080526154506/http://www.agriculture.go.ug/partnership.htm
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-06-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Prof-Latigo-faults-Amuru-leaders-investments/-/688334/3129652/-/xokyd2z/-/index.html
↑ http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/Uganda-defeats-Kenya-sugar-surplus-row/-/688606/3251178/-/6e7bqx/-/index.html
↑ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-03/uganda-s-sugar-output-seen-climbing-a-third-year-on-more-cane
↑ https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Uganda-to-stop-unprocessed-cereal-exports-to-East-Africa/2560-3992118-qhm10h/index.html

Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya

Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries

Template:Uganda topics Template:Africa topic

[cs-1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress

[ReferenceA-2] Interview of David Hines in 1999 by W D Ogilvie; obituary of David Hines in London Daily Telegraph 8 April 2000 written by W D Ogilvie

[columbia-3] ttp://www.humanrightscolumbia.org/node/8683

[4] ttp://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/

[Abstract-5] ttp://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/statistical_abstracts/Statistical%20Abstract%202014.pdf

[6] ttp://cdouga.org/

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20080526154506/http://www.agriculture.go.ug/partnership.htm

[8] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-06-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[9] ttp://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Prof-Latigo-faults-Amuru-leaders-investments/-/688334/3129652/-/xokyd2z/-/index.html

[10] ttp://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/Uganda-defeats-Kenya-sugar-surplus-row/-/688606/3251178/-/6e7bqx/-/index.html

[11] ttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-03/uganda-s-sugar-output-seen-climbing-a-third-year-on-more-cane

[12] ttps://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Uganda-to-stop-unprocessed-cereal-exports-to-East-Africa/2560-3992118-qhm10h/index.html

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