Matoke

 

Matoke, mu kitundu era gamanyiddwa nga

matooke, amatooke mu Buganda (Central Uganda), ekitookye mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga Uganda, ekitooke mu maserengeta ga Uganda, kamatore mu Lugisu ( Eastern Uganda ), ebitooke mu bukiikakkono bw’amaserengeta ga Tanzania, igitoki mu Rwanda, Burundi era n’erinnya ly’ekika kya East African Highland banana, kibiina kya starchy triploid ebika by’amatooke, ebisibuka ku nnyanja Ennene mu Afirika . Ekibala kikungulwa nga kya kiragala, ne kiwaatibwa n’obwegendereza, oluvannyuma ne kifumbibwa era ebiseera ebisinga kifumbibwa oba kinyigibwa nefuuka emmere. Mu Uganda ne Rwanda, ekibala kino kifumbibwa ku nku(firewood), era emmere efumbiddwa etwalibwa ng’emmere y’eggwanga mu mawanga gombi.

Matoke kirime kya mmere ekikulu mu Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania n’amawanga amalala aga Great Lakes. Era zimanyiddwa nga ekibinja ekitono ekya Mutika/Lujugira.

Ebibala ebya kiragala eby’obunene obwa wakati, nga bino bya kibinja kya matooke ekigere, East African Highland ( Musa AAA-EA), bimanyiddwa mu nnimi z’Ababantu mu Uganda ne Western Kenya nga matoke .

Okufumba amatooke kubadewo ebbanga ela nga kirime kya bulijjo okwetooloola ekitundu ky’ennyanja Victoria mu Kenya ne Uganda, ne mu bitundu by’amaserengeta ne Kilimanjaro mu Tanzania.

Okunnyonnyola

Mu Uganda, amatooke (ebitooke bya East African Highland bananas) byangu okweyawula ku bika ebirala eby’amatooke olw’obubonero obungi obuddugavu (oba obumyufu obwekatikati oba obw’ekikomo) obulabika ku bikuta byabyo (pseudostems), ne bibifuula okufaanana ng’ekyuma ekisengejjedde. Ekikuta ekisinga okuba kungulu kiba kya kiragala kya wakati (medium green), naye wansi waakyo wabaawo ebikuta eby’erangi ya pink oba kakobe..

Ebikoola byago nabyo biba bya kiragala omukwafu ala, enjawulo esinga kweyolekera bw’obigeraageranya ku mabbali n’ebika by’amatooke ebirala ng’obilabila ewala .

Ekimuli kino kirina ebikoola ebibikkiddwa enviiri enzirugavu. Ebikoola biba bya kikula kya ovate okutuuka ku lanceolate nga ebweru biba bya kakobe okutuuka ku kitaka ate munda nga bimyufu nga bizikira okutuuka ku kyenvu nga byolekedde omusingi. Ebimuli ebisajja biba ebya langi ya kizigo nga biriko ebitundu bya kyenvu. Ensigo za pinki, ate Obukoloboze bwa kacungwa.

.Ebibala byazo bikotoggerera era bisobola okwawukana obuwanvu. Biba bifulumye nga birina entikko ezitategedde .Ekitundu ketooke ekyawaakati kya langi njelu nga ebibala tebinnaba kwengera, ate nga byengeredde biba bya kirimu .

Amatooke ga East African Highland ga bika bya mirundi esatu ( AAA ). Erinnya lyabwe ekitongole ye Musa acuminata Colla (AAA-EA). Ebigambo ebikwatagana nabyo mulimu Musa brieyi De Wild . Omuzadde waabwe ku kitaawe ye kika kyamatooke eky'omusaayi ( M. acuminata ssp. zebrina ) eby'ekika ky'amatooke eby'omu nsiko Musa acuminata .

Amatokke ga East African Highland kibinja kitono ekitegeeza ebika by’amatooke nga 200 ssekinnoomu (oba clones). Ziyinza okwawulwamu ebibinja bitaano eby’enjawulo ebya clones ebimanyiddwa nga clone sets okusinziira ku nkozesa yazo:

• Mbidde oba bbiya clone set

Seti ya Mbidde clone erimu ebika 14. Mbidde kitegeeza ‘bbiya’, era clones ezibeera mu clone set eno zitera okukozesebwa okukola bbiya w’amatooke . Ebikuta byazo bikaawa era biwunya nga bivaamu ebifuluma ebya kitaka ebikwatagana.

• Nakitembe clone set
• Nakabululu clone set

Nakabululu clones gonvu mubutonde bwago ate nga gawooma. Gakula mangu, naye ebibala byago biba bitono ate okutwalira awamu eminwe giba mitono ku buli nkota.

• Musakala clone set

Musakala clones zimanyiddwa olw’ebibala ebigonvu nga biriko ensongezi eziri mu bulago bw’eccupa. Engeri endala ze zimu ne seti za clone essatu ezisoose.

• Nfuuka clone set

Nfuuka clones zimanyiddwa olw’ebibala ebifuukuuse, ebyetooloovu oba kumpi ebya nneekulungirivu nga biriko ensongezi eziri wakati. Enkula y’ekibinja okusinga ya nneekulungirivu. Engeri endala ze zimu ne seti za clone endala. Ye esinga okuba ey’enjawulo ku seti za clone ettaano, ekiyinza okuva ku mpisa yaayo ey’okukyusakyusa emirundi mingi. Zivamu ebitooke ebizito ebinywevu era bwe kityo zitera okwetanilwa ennyo mu by’obusuubuzi okusinga seti endala eza clone.

Mbwazirume

Musakala

Kibuzi

Mpologoma

sukaali ndiizi

Kawanda

Amannya g’ebitundu agasukka mu 500 ge gamanyiddwa olw’ebika okuva mu kibinja ekitono ekya EAHB.

Ensibuko n’okusaasaana

Amatooke ga East African Highland gayingizibwa nga bukyali mu Afirika okuva mu Southeast Asia mu kyasa ekyasooka okutuuka ku kyasa eky’omukaaga AD, oboolyawo nga biyita mu busuubuzi. Mu nkula yabyo eyaawukana ku bika ebirala ebya AAA, nga zikula mu kitundu mu kitundu ky’ennyanja Ennene mu Afirika okumala emyaka egisukka mu lukumi. Tezisangibwa walala wonna mu nsi, era ennyanja ennene eza Afrika zibadde ziyitibwa ekifo eky’okubiri eky’eamatooke ag’enjawulo olw’ensonga eno (nga Southeast Asia y’esoose). Amatooke ga East African Highland gatwalibwa okuba ag'enjawulo naddala mu Uganda, Burundi ne Rwanda . Ekibinja ky’obuzaale bw’amatooke eby’ekika kya triploid East African Highland kyava mu kiseera kimu eky’okugatta, ekyaleetawo obuzibu bw’obuzaale mu kiseera ky’okutandikawo obuzaale bw’ebirime. Amatooke agekika kya Triploid East African Highland tegarina buwuka, era bibadde bisaasaanyizibwa mu ngeri etali ya kwegatta okumala emirembe emirembe gy’abalimi egy’omuddiring’anwa okuva lwe byayingizibwa mu Afrika. Kino kirabika kivuddeko okuvaayo kw’enkyukakyuka z’omubiri (genetically near-isogenic somatic mutants) (kwe kugamba ebika by’ebijanjaalo eby’omu East African Highland ebya leero) ebisunsuddwa abalimi n’obutonde okwetoloola East Africa.

Obukulu mu by’enfuna

Amatooke ga East African Highland kye kimu ku birime ebikulu eby’emmere mu kitundu ky’ennyanja ennene mu Afrika naddala mu Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi, ne Rwanda. Buli muntu alya amatooke buli mwaka mu Uganda y’esinga mu nsi yonna ng’erina 0.70 kkiro (1.5 lb) buli lunaku, buli muntu. Nga mw’otwalidde Rwanda ne Burundi, enkozesa eri nga 250 to 400 kkiro (550 okutuuka ku 880 lb) buli muntu buli mwaka (amatooke nga bisatu ku 11 buli lunaku). Uganda ye nsi eyookubiri mu kulima amatooke mu nsi yonna. Wabula y’emu ku zisinga obutono okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, ng’ebirime bino bisinga kukozesebwa mu ggwanga.

Amatooke ga East African Highland makulu nnyo ng'ebirime by'emmere, erinnya ly'ekitundu matoke (oba okusinga matooke ) likwatagana n'ekigambo "emmere" mu Uganda. Ekirala, ekitundu ku kumatooke ga East African Highland gamanyiddwa mu kitundu kino nga mbidde bye bikozesebwa okukola omubisi ne bbiya.

Okuteekateeka emmere.

Omusajja ng’afumba matoke

Matoke gawatibwa nakambe, ne gasanikibwa mu ndagala (oba obuveera),ne mu sepiki mu kiyungu eky’okufumba ( Oluswayiri : sufuria ) waggulu,endagala zesisanika .. Oluvannyuma esefuliya elimu emeere eteekebwa ku muliro ogw’amanda oba enku ne gafumbirwa [matooke] okumala essaawa bbiri oba ssatu. Ebikolokomba babiteka wansi mu sefuliya (cooking pot) yokufumba . Ebikolokomba ebiri wansi w’esefuliya bikuuma emeere ezingiddwa mu bikoola waggulu w’amazzi agookya. Matoke gabela meru ate nga gakaluba, ela okufumba kugafuula okuba nga gagonda ate nga ga kyenvu. Olwo amatooke baganyiga nga gakyali mungagala ela nga bagabulira kululagala lwebatanafumbisa. Gatela okuliibwa ne nva endiirwa,enva zebinyeebwa oba ekika ky’ennyama yonna ( embuzi oba ennyama y’ente ).

Matooke era bagakozesa okukola ekijjulo ky'ekyenkya ekimanyiddwa nga akatogo mu Uganda . Akatogo katera okufumbibwa ng'a kagattiddwa mu amatooke amawate nga mulimu ebinyeebwa oba ennyama y'ente, wadde ng'a olumu mubamu ebyenda byente oba ennyama y'embuzi nayo etera okukozesebwa..

Mu Bukoba, Tanzania, matoke (oba ebitooke ) bagafumba n’ennyama oba ebyenyanja ebikalu, ebinyeebwa oba ebijanjalo . Enkola eno emalawo obwetaavu bw’okuteekateekaenva ez’enjawulo. Mu nkola eno, amatooke tebaganyiga. Okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1980, eno emmere eyali esinga okuliibwa mu Bukoba era yaliibwanga omwaka gwonna.

Laba ne

• Eryenvu
• Okufumba plantain
• Emmere ya Burundi
• Emmere ya Rwanda
• Emmere ya Uganda
• Olukalala lw'emmere y'Afirika
• Ensigo ya Plantain
• Ebibinja by’ebika by’ebijanjaalo
• Enset
• Musa balbisiana
• Empogola

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