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Omupiira mu Uganda

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Abalenzi abato nga basamba omupiira ogwa bulijjo ogw'ebigere mu distulikiti y'e Arua .

Omupiira gw'ebigere muzannyo ogumanyikiddwa mu Uganda yonna.[1][2] ttimu y'omupiira gw'ebigee eya Uganda yakazibwako erinnya lya The Cranes, ng'eno ye ttiimu ya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere ng'eddukanyiziba ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations. Tetuukangako mu mpaka z'ekikopo ky'ensi yonna (World Cup) ezaakamalirizo; kye yaakasinga okukola kwe kukwata ekyokubiri mu mpaza z'omupiira ez'olukalu lwa Afrika mu kwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda mu nsanvu mu munaana (1978).

Ebyafaayo by'omupiira gw'ebigere gwa Uganda

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Omuzannyo nga gwakatuuka kuno

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Ekya ky'ekkumi n'omwanda bwe kyali nga kiggwako ekibiina ky'ebyemizannyo ekya sport of association football kyasooka kusimba amakanda mu bibuga ebikulu mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Africa omuzannyo bwe gwali tegunnasaasaana mu bitundu by'omunda ng'oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka luzibibwa, mu masomero g'bainsane n'enkambi z'amagye z'abafuzi b'amatwale.[3]

Mu bigambo bya Sev A. Obura, eyakiko ssaabawandiisi w'olukiiko olutaba eby'emizannyo gy'amawanga agaali wandi w'obufuzi bwa Bungereza, omupiira gw'ebigere gwaleetebwa kuno abaminsane okuva mu ggwanga lya United Kingdom, eggwanga eryatufuga bwe twali tukyali mu bufuzi bw'amatwale. Abaminsane bano mwalimu Robert Henry Walker, George Lawrence Pilkington ne Alexander Gordon Fraser. Okusookera ddala Rev. Archdeacon R. H. Walker ow'ekibiina ky'abaminsane ekya Namirembe Church Missionary Society mu lukumi mu lunaana kyenda mu musanvu (1897) eyatandikawo omupiira mu Uganda oluvannyuma lw'okuteekateeka omupiira gutandikibwewo mu Uganda nga guva mu ggwanga lya Bungereza.[4] Walker yayambibwako G. L. Pilkington eyakola obuteeyanira okutendeka abalenzi omupiira ku ssomero lya Mengo school era g'emipiira egyasooka gyazannyibwa Kakeeka e Mengo ku kisaawe eky'omuddo ekisangibwa wakati wa Kampala ne Rubaga.[5] Ekisaawe ekyokubiri ekyokuzannyirwamu kyateekebwa kumpi n'olusozi lwa Kampala mukadde (Old Kampala) ekyemmanga w'olubiri lwa Lord Lugard. Omuminsane omulala yali A. G. Fraser eyakulemberamu omupiira mu Uganda mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda(1900) era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka ena n'azimba ekisaawe ku ssomero lya King's School e Budo, essomero eryazimbibwa nga lya baana ba bakungu.[6]

Omukungu omulala ow'eggye lya Bungereza , Kaputeeni William Pulteney, naye era yateeka ettoffaali mu kukulaakulanya omupiira mu Uganda bwe yayambako mu okuweereza mu Uganda Rifles okuva mu Gwokubiri gwa lukumi mu lunaana mu kyenda mu etaano (1895) okutuuka mu Gwomwenda gwa lukumi mu lunaana mu kyenda mu musanvu (1897).

Ttiimu ya United Old Budonians Club

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Essoero lya King's School Budo lye lyakulemberamu okukulaakulanya omupiira mu Ugand. Olw'emiri egyakolebwa omuminsani A. G. Fraser nga yaakajja mu Uganda, ttiimu ya Budo Old Boys yatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa lukumi lwenda mu mwenda (1909) ng'eno yalimu n'abo abaali basomerako e Buddo. Omupiira wamu n'ebigwetoolorerako byagendanda mu maaso mu lunaku awo ku kisaawe ky'amatikkira ku Kampala mukadde, ekyafuuka oluvannyua Old Kampala Senior Secondary School Sports Ground. Oluvannyuma ne gugenda ku ssomero lya Mengo High School okuva ku lusozi lw'e Namirembe okudda e Budo omwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda abiri mu musanvu (1927) bwe gwali gutandika, oluvannyuma ttiimu zino zonna zeegatta okukola ttiimu ya United Old Budonians Club.[7] Okumala emyaka abir egyaddako, ttiimu ya United Budonians yasigala nga y'esinga amaanyi mu mupiira gwa Uganda ogw'ebigere n'etuuka n'okuwangula ekikopo kya Kampala and District League omwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ana mu mwenda bwe gwali guggwako (1949).

Ekikopo kya Cup

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ekyikopo

Ekibiina ky'omupiira ekya Kampala Football Association (KFA) kyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda abiri mu ena (1924) n'oluvannyuma ekikopo ky'omupiira eky'amanyi ne kitandikibwawo ekyamanyikibwako nga "Kabaka's Cup" nga kyatandikibwawo Kabaka Chwa II.[8] Ttiimu zombi okwali Budo School ne Old Boys zaawakanyiza ku njuyi ez'enjawulo, era buli emu n'ewangula ekikopo emirundi egiwera, embeera y'ekikopo yakyuka oluvannyuma lw'okujja kwa ttiimu nga Public Works Department (PWD or Piida), Entebbe Government Printing Press (Puleesi), Kenya and Uganda Railways ne Harbours (Leerwe) ezajja okwongera ettutumu mu liigi. Omupiira gwayongera okufuuka ogw'amaanyi ekyaviirako amasomero nga Budo School okuva mu mapa zino.[9]

Mu mwaka gya lukumi mu lwenda ataano (1950s) ekikopo kya Kabaka's Cup kyali kiddukanyizibwa ekibiina kya Uganda Football Association era nga ttimu ezisoba mu makumi asatu (30) zeetaba mu kikopo kino.[10] Mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ataano mu musanvu (1957), ebizibu by'ebyobufuzi byali byeyongedde mu kibiina kya ekiddukanya omupiira gw'ebigere mu Buganda ekya Buganda Football Association ekyagaana okuweebwa olukusa ekibiina ekyatandikawo ekikopokya Kabaka's Cup competition. Oluvannyuma lwa kino, ekibiina kya Buganda Football Association kyawera ttiimu zonna ezaali zeetabye mu kikopo kya Kabaka's Cup.

Okutuuka ekikopo kya Ugandan Cup lwe kyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda nsanvu mu gumu (1971) ekikopo ky'omupiira ekya Kabaka's Cup kye kyali kisinga amaanyi n'ettutumu mu kiseera ekyo kyonna mu ggwanga. Empaka z'omupiira endala ezaazanyibwanga nga Uganda tennafuna bwetwaze mwalimu Aspro Cup, Buganda FA Challenge Cup, Coronation Cup, Luwangula Cup, Victory Cup ne Wardle Cup.

Liigi y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya Kampala and District Football League (KDFL)

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Liigi y'omupiira gw'ebigere ey'oku ntikko eyazannyibwa okumala emyaka kyenkana amakumi asatu (30) yali ya Kampala and District Football League (KDFL). Mu mwaka gwa lukumi lwenda mu nkaaga mu mukaaga, liigi eno yalina ebibinja bisatu (03) nga muno mwalimu, ekibinja ekisooka, ekibinja ekyokubiri n'ekibinja ekyokusatu ekyali kwawulibwamu mu biwayi bibiri okwali eky'ekikuntu eky'obukiikakkono n'ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo. Ttiimu ya Kampala City Council FC yavuganyiza mu kibinja ekyokusatu mu kiwayi ky'ekikundu ky'obukiikaddyo era n'efuna okusuumusibwa okugenda ku mutendera oguddako mu sizoni ya lukumi mu lwenda nkaaga mu musanvu (1967). Ttiimuendala ezimanyikiddwa ezaazannya mu liigiya KDFL mwalimu Aggrey Memorial, Army FC, Bitumastic, Coffee Kakira, Express FC, Kampala Police FC, KDS (Kampala District Bus Services), Kitegombwa, Luo Union, Mengo Old Boys, Mulago Hospital, Old Agrarians, Prisons FC Kampala, Railways, Nsambya, Sudanese FC, UEB, United Budonians ne Young Salumbey. Bitono nnyo ebimanyikiddwa ku bannantameggwa ba liigi eno okuggyako ttiimu ya United Budonians eyawangula ekikopo kino mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ana mu mwenda (1949) ate yo Police n'ekiwangula mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ataano mu esatu (1953) sso nga yo ttiimu ya Railway African Club football team yawangula ekibinja kya liigi ekyokubiri mu sizoni y'emu. Express FC yeegatta ku kibinja liigi ey'oku ntikko mu sizoni ya lukumi lwenda nkaaga mu ena (1964).

Okuvaawo wa liigi ya KDFL kwatandika n'okutondawo liigiya National Football League mu mwaka gwa lukumi lwenda nkaaga mu munaana (1968) nay ng'emapa zombi zaali zizannyirwa mu kiseera kye kimu okumala sizoni ntono wera liigi ya KDFL yagenda mu maaso n'okuzannyibwa okutuuka mu mwaka gwa lukumi lwenda nsavu mu gumu (1971). Liigi eno yaggyibwawo okusobozesa okuteekawo omwagaanya okwetooloola eggwanga lyonna okuva mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo. Ttiimu nga Kampala City Council FC, Nsambya ne NIC zeesogga ekibinja kya liigi ekyokubiri ekya liigi eno ekyali kyakatondebwawo ekya National League. Bwe kituuka ku kwogera ku bibalo by'abaasinga okuteeba ggoolo ennuingi mu byafaayo bya liigi ya KDFL, Ali Kitonsa owa Express FC eyateeba ggoolo ataano mu nnya (54) mu mipiira kkumi na munaana (18) mu sizoni ya lukumi lwenda mu nkaaga mu nnya (1964). Bwe kituuka ku ttiimu eyasinga okukuba ginnewaayo ggoolo ennyingi kuliko ttiimu lya Express eyakuba ttiiimu ya Kitegombwa ggoolo kkumi namusanvu ku bwereere (17–0) mu sizoni ya lukumi mu lwenda nkaaga (1960) lwakubadde ebibalo bino tebirina we birabibwako mu kaseera kano.

Ennaku z'omwezi ez'enkizo

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 1897 - R. H. Walker lwe yatandikawo omuzanno gw'omupiira gw'ebigere mu Uganda. 1909- Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya Buddo Old Boys lwe yatandikibwawo. 1924 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya Kampala FA lwe yatandikibwawo. 1926 - Amawanga Uganda ne Kenya geetaba mu mpaka z'omupiira gw'ebigere eza Gossage Cup omulundi ogwasooka. 1932 - Uganda yawangula Kenya ku ggoolo kkumi na ssatu ku bwereere (13-0) mu mpaka za Gossage cup. Emyaka gya 1940 nga giggwako - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya Kampala FA yeeyubula okufuuka Uganda FA. 1956 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya National side yatambulako okugenda okulambula mu ggwanga lya Bungereza. 1960 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya yeewandiisa n'ekibiina ekifuga omupiira mu nsi yonna (FIFA) n'ekibiina ekifuga omupiira ku lukalu lw'omuddugavu (CAF). 1962 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere ey'eggwanga yatuuka ku mutendera oguddirira empaka z'akamalirizo mu kikopo kya African National Cup. 1964 - Ali Kitonsa owa ttiimu ya Express yateeba ggoolo ataano mu nnya (54) mu sizoni emu eya liigi ya KDFL. 1967 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya Uganda FA yaddamu okukyusa erinnya n'efuuka Federation of Uganda Football Association (FUFA). 1968 - Ekibiina ekifuga omupiira mu ggwanga (FUFA) yatandikawo liigi y'ekibinja ekisooka era yawangulwa ttiimu ya Prisons - FC. 1971 - Ekibiina ekifuga omupiira mu ggwanga (FUFA) kyatandikawo empaka z'omupiira eza Uganda cup era zaawangulwa ttiimu ya Coffee Kakira. 1972 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya Simba yatuuka ku mutendera ogw'akamalirizo mu mpaka z'ekikopo ekiwakanirwa ttiimu empanguzi ku lukalu lwa Africa (African cup of champions clubs). 1973 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1976 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1987 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). xxx 1990 - Ttiimu ya SC Villa ewangula ekikopo lya liigi y'eggwanga eky'omupiira ogw'ebigere okumala sizoni ttaano ez'omuddiring'anwa. 1990 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1990 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya SC Villa yatuuka ku mutendera ogw'akamalirizo mu mpaka z'ekikopo ekiwakanirwa ttiimu empanguzi ku lukalu lwa Africa (African cup of champions clubs). 1977 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1978- Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangulwa eggwanga lya Ghana ku mpaza z'omupiira ezaakamalirizo ezizannyibwa amawanga g'olukalu lw'omuddugavu (African Nations Cup). 1978- Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya eya Kampala city council yawangula ekikopo kya ttiimu empanguzi ekya ttiimu ezisangibwa mu mawanga agali mu bugwanjuba bwa AFRICA. (CECAFA club's cup). 1982 - Ekibiina ekifuga omupiira gw'ebigere mu ggwanga FUFA kitandikawo liigi y'omupiira gw'ebigre ey'oku ntikko eyawangulibwa ttiimu ya SC Villa. 1982 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya eya SC Villa ewangula ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere ekiwakanirwa ttiimu empanguzi ezizannyira mu mawanga agali mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA Clubs Cup) 1087 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1990 - Ttiimu ya SC Villa ewangula ekikopo lya liigi y'eggwanga eky'omupiira ogw'bigere okumala sizoni ttaano ez'omuddiring'anwa. 1990 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1990 - Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya SC Villa yatuuka ku mutendera ogw'akamalirizo mu mpaka z'ekikopo ekiwakanirwa ttiimu empanguzi ku lukalu lwa Africa (African cup of champions clubs). 1992- Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere eya eya SC Villa ewangula ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere ekiwakanirwa ttiimu empanguzi ezizannyira mu mawanga agali mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA Clubs Cup) 1992 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1996 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 1999 - Omuzannyi Andrew Mukasa ateebera ttiimu ya SC Villa ggoolo ana mu ttaano (45) mu sizoni ya Uganda ey'omupiira gw'ebigere ey'oku ntikko. 2000 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 2002 - Ttiimu ya SC Villa ewangula empaka z'ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere ekitegekebwa mu ggwanga lya Rwanda ekya Kagame Interclub cup. 2003 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 2004- Ttiimu ya SC Villa ewangula ekikopo lya liigi y'eggwanga eky'omupiira ogw'ebigere ekyomusanvu eky'omuddiring'anwa. 2005 - Ttiimu ya SC Villa ewangula empaka z'ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere ekitegekebwa mu ggwanga lya Rwanda ekya Kagame Interclub cup. 2006 - Ttiimu ya Police FC ewangula empaka z'ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere ekitegekebwa mu ggwanga lya Rwanda ekya Kagame Interclub cup. 2008 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 2009- Ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira mu ggwanga ekya (FUFA) kitandikawo empaka z'abakyayiga eza (Big League), ttiimu mwe zisooka okuzannyira nga tezinnajja mu liigi ya Uganda ey'oku ntikko era zaawangulwa ttiimu ya Maroons FC. 2009 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 2011 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP). 2012 - Ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere yawangula empaka z'omupiira ezizannyibwa amawanga agasangibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Africa (CECAFA CUP).

Abantu abasinga obututuufu

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Badru Kakungulu Wasajja

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Badru Kakungulu yali ava mu lulyo lw'Obwakaba bwa Buganda olulangira, amanyikiddwa nnyo mu byobufuzi wamu n'okuleeta eddiini y'obuyisiraaamu wano mu Buganda ne mu Uganda yonna mu kyasa ky'amakumi abiri. [11] Mu mwaka gwa lukumi lwenda abiri mu etaano (1925), yazannya mu mupiira ogukyasinze okubeera ogw'ettutumu ogwali wakati bwa ttiimu ya Budo ne ginnaayo eya Makerere mu kikopo kya Kabaka's Cup. Yaliko omumyuka w'ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira u Uganda yonna ekya Uganda Football Association wamu ne Pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira mu Buganda ekya Buganda Football Association.[12] Ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira mu Uganda ekya (FUFA) kyakyusa erinnya ly'ekikopo kya Uganda Cup ne kituumibwa Kakungulu mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda kyenda mu ebiri (1992) bwe kyali kimujjukira olw'emirimu gye yakolera omupiira mu Uganda.[13]

Polycarp Kibuuka Kakooza

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Polycarp Kibuuka Kakooza yali muwandiisi, muyimbi, munnabyamizannyo, omukulembeze w'eby'emizannyo, omukubi w'ebifaananyi, era omusomesa omutumufu.[14] Yayiiya oluyimba lw'ekitiibwa kya Buganda mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda asatu mu mwenda (1939) ku myaka amakumi abiri mu etaano (25). Yaliko omuwandiisi w'ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira mu ggwanga okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ana mu mwenda (1949) okutuuka mu lukumi mu lwenda ataano mu ebiri (1852) . Ye yali omutendesi wa ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere eyasookera ddala okugenda okulambulako mu ggwanga erya Bungereza mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ataano mu mukaaga (1956). Oluvannyuma yatendeka ttiimu ya Uganda ey'omupiira ogw'ebigere eyatuuka ku mpaka eziddirira ez'akamalirizo eziwakanirwa amawanga ga Africa mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda nkagaaga mu ebiri (1962). Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekikulembera emisinde gya bakyakayiga ekya uganda Amateur Athletic Association (UAAA) ne Pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekifuga omuzannyo gw'ebikonde ekya Uganda Amateur Boxing Association. Yafiira mu Kampala nga 12 Gatonnya 2003, ku myaka kyenda (90) egy'obukulu.[15]

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Ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira gw'ebigere mu ggwanga ekya Football association

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  Mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda abiri mu ena (1924) ekibiina ekiddukanya omupiira gw'ebigere mu ggwanga ekya Kampala Football Association (KFA) kyatandikibwawo era Kabaka Chwa II ye yali Pulezidenti waakyo eyasooka. Emu ku ttiimu z'omupiira gw'ebigere ezaasooka okwegatta ku kibiina kino yali ya Nsambya Football Club mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda abiri mu mukaaga (1926).

Mu myaka gya lukumi mu lwenda ana (1940s) nga giggwako, ekibiina kya Kampala Football Association (KFA) kyeyubula erinnya ne kifuuka Uganda Football Association (UFA), Polycarp Kibuuka Kakooza ye yasooko okubeera omuwandiisi waakyo okuva mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda ana mu mwenda (1949) okutuuka mu lukumu mu lwenda ataano mu ebiri (1952).

Mu mwaka gwa lukumi mu lwenda nkaaga mu musanvu (1967) ekibiina kya Uganda Football Association (UFA) kyakyusa erinnya ne kifuuka Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA).

Laba ne

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  • Liigi y'omupiigwa gw'ebigere eya Uganda ey'oku ntikko.
  • Ekikopo ky'omupiira ekya Uganda Cup

Ebijuliziddwa

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  1. ↑ http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Soccer/Real-Madrid-extends-assistance-to-Uganda/-/690266/1678106/-/116aejtz/-/index.html
  2. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/pilkingtonofugan00harf/pilkingtonofugan00harf_djvu.txt
  5. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/pilkingtonofugan00harf/pilkingtonofugan00harf_djvu.txt
  6. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=EOItAQAAIAAJ
  12. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=EOItAQAAIAAJ
  13. ↑ http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11008&Itemid=80
  14. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140203175313/http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=636209&CatID=397
  15. ↑ http://allafrica.com/stories/200301140764.html
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